1、閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧主講：方俊超閱讀理解命題類細節(jié)類詞意類推理類命題類命題類可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。可能是從文中某些 (不完全的) 事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。可能是文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。( (正確答案正確答案): ): 據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來的；據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來的； 不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。干擾項1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarise the main idea of this text?3)Whic

2、h of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5)Whats the best title for this passage?命題類的常見的提問形式:Basic Training -主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysl

3、er are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force a

4、nd employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.Q：Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not t

5、aken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.【解析】C C。take sth. away of sb.take sth. away of sb.和和 cast cast sb. sth.sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一

6、般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。文章中心是文章中心是論點論點，事實細節(jié)是，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)論據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由有關細節(jié)的有關細節(jié)的問題問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問。落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問。所提問題一般可所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等等。細節(jié)型解題原則解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關系，決不能主觀臆斷系，決不能主觀臆斷。細節(jié)題細節(jié)題范圍過大、過小范圍

7、過大、過小 。偷換概念。偷換概念。正誤并存，某個分句是正確的。正誤并存，某個分句是正確的。解題方法解題方法 : 原文定位法原文定位法。 查讀法：帶著問題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與查讀法：帶著問題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與who, what, when, where問題有關的細節(jié)上。問題有關的細節(jié)上。1. 細心！細心！干擾項1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states th

8、at_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?常有以下幾種命題方式：常有以下幾種命題方式：Basic Training-細節(jié)型細節(jié)型 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay h

9、ealthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water f

10、rom 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the

11、 same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細節(jié)內(nèi)容，計算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D 四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。 同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或

12、遞進的，由此可以推測。 反義法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。詞詞義義型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法等1 1）文中找）文中找線索或信息詞線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)）根據(jù)上下文上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4. 4. 特別注意特別注意熟詞新意熟詞新意！做題要領做題要領Basic Trai

13、ning-詞義猜測型詞義猜測型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their r

14、oles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應得的，值得的應得的，值得的). 【解 釋】 這段文字中講到加納這個國家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的（educated）和沒有受過教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（old）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選 C 項。C C推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，15個

15、題中常有4-6個，著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理型透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領） 既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。看法或觀點。常見

16、的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結論) from the passage that_. Which of the following can be inferred (推論)? What is the tone (語氣) of the author ? What is the purpose (目的) of this passage? The passage is intended to _. Where would this passage most probably appear? Ba

17、sic Training-推理型推理型Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health. Pa

18、ssage4 The concept (n. 觀念觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個人個人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our

19、 freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much

20、, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 【解析解析】：】：D D 據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導致健康狀況據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選變壞，因此答案選 D D 。選出的答案一定要在原文中找選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。Q: It ca

21、n be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_. rewarding poor performance ( n.成績 ) may kill the creativity of students . B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 給不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.學校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.預期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.緊急 ). Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or w