1、完形填空突破(三)議論文1議論型完形填空的特點(1)議論形式的完形填空一般是直接提出論點,通過論據論證,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一個話題供大家討論。(2)議論形式的完形填空一般都是由論點（作者的觀點,也就是被證明的對象）、論據（用來證明論點的依據,是說明論點的理由和材料）和論證（運用論據證明論點的過程與方法）這三個要素構成的,這也是一個提出問題分析問題解決問題的過程。(3)英語議論文不僅需要說明自己的觀點,而且還要讓讀者接受自己的觀點,因此,在詞語表達上除了客觀之外,還比較注重委婉。常用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和情態動詞can,could,may,might,would,should等。

2、為了辯證推理的條理性和邏輯性,往往較多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等過渡詞和連接詞。2議論型完形填空的備考策略(1)遵循“首句”原則對于議論文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情況下,抓好每段的首句是做好試題的基本原則之一。有一項調查結果表明,英語議論文有60%90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牽住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不難了。(2)理清論點、論據、結論議論型完形填空與記敘型完形填空相比,議論型完形填空稍微難做。一般的記敘文是按時間順序進行描述的,我們只要把握事件發生、發展的過

3、程,就能將情景掌握好。然而議論文形式的完形填空就不這么簡單了,如果我們對哪是論點、哪是論據、哪是結論都不清楚,只是莽撞地選擇答案,其結果可想而知。所以理清論點、論據和結論是做好議論型完形填空的關鍵。(3)“三論”結合驗證答案一般來說,能說明論據主要內容的答案可以在論點里得到印證,而論點里的某些答案也可以與論據有機地結合起來,使論點、論據形成相輔相成的關系,因而整個文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾,論據與論點相悖,最后的結論與論點相矛盾,那就說明我們對于文章的把握欠條理和系統,我們就要重新回過頭來理順文章的各個部分,直到清楚為止,然后再依據自己對全文的掌握及各部分的邏輯關系選出答案。1(

4、2010·長治一次月考)in our life,we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the ones whod lived those years with us.in fact,we dont have to wait for 1 to thank the ones closest to usthe ones so easily 2 .if i have learned anything about giving thanks,it is this：give it now！ 3 your feeling of appreciation

5、 is alive and sincere,act on it.saying thanks is such an easy way to 4 the worlds happiness.saying thanks not only 5 someone elses world,but brightens yours.if youre feeling 6 ,unloved or unappreciated,try reaching out to others.it may be just the 7 you need.of course,there are times when you cant e

6、xpress gratitude 8 .in that case dont let embarrassment sink you into silencespeak up the first time you have the chance.once a young minister,mark brian,was sent to a 9 town of kwakiutl indians in british columbia.the indians,he had been told,did not have a 10 for thankyou.but brian soon found that

7、 these people had 11 generosity.instead of saying thanks,it is their custom to 12 every favor with a favor of their own,and every kindness with an equal or superior 13 .they do their thanks.i wonder if we had words in our 14 for thankyou.would we do a better job of 15 our gratitude？would we be more

8、responsive,more sensitive,more caring?thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that 16 people all around usincluding ourselves.for no one ever 17 the tune of a grateful heart.its message is 18 ；its words go 19 all earthly barriers；its music 20 the heavens. banniversaries ccelebrations dcongratul

9、ations答案b解析考查概括和推理。由首句可知,在生活中,我們很少向那些和我們一起生活許多年的人表達感激之情。此處表示事實上我們不必非要等到周年紀念日時才向他們表示謝意。anniversary周年紀念日；requirement需要,需求；celebration慶祝；congratulations賀詞。只有anniversary符合句意。bsatisfied cattended dappreciated答案a解析考查過去分詞。此處“so easily 2 ”為過去分詞短語作定語修飾ones。overlook忽視,忽略；satisfy使滿意；attend參加；照料；appreciate賞識,感激

10、。結合句意,只有a項合適。此處表達的是“一些我們最容易忽略的人”。3a.while bsince calthough ddespite答案a解析考查語境。句意為：在你的感激之情活躍而真誠時,把它表達出來吧。while在時候；since既然,因為,用來引導原因狀語從句；although雖然,盡管,引導讓步狀語從句；despite介詞,意思是“不管,盡管”,故應選while。4a.add up to badd to cmake up dlook for答案b解析考查動詞短語。add to增加；add up to總計；make up虛構；補足；look for尋找。此處不定式短語作定語,只有add

11、to合適,表示“說出感謝是增加快樂的如此簡單的方式”。bstrengthens cclears dbrightens答案d解析考查動詞和上下文照應。此處是一個并列句,后一句省略了also,故前一句中也要使用brightens。句意為：表達感謝不僅能照亮別人的世界,而且也能照亮你的世界。widen(使)變寬；strengthen加強,鞏固；clear掃除,清除,結合句意和上下句的結構可以排除這三項。6a.worn out bleft behind ccut out dleft out答案d解析考查并列關系。分析句子結構可知,此處的短語必須能與unloved,unappreciated構成并列關系

12、,表達詳盡的意義。leave out有“忽視,使不受歡迎”之意,符合要求。wear out(使)精疲力竭；leave behind留下,忘了帶；cut out刪去；停止,意思都明顯不符。7a.requirement border cmedicine dencouragement答案c解析考查語境。根據上下文可知,如果你感到你被冷落,向其他人表示你對他們感興趣,這或許正是你需要的“良藥”。medicine良藥,有效的東西,可以比喻為解決問題的方法,符合句意。requirement需求,要求；order命令；順序；encouragement鼓勵,都與句意不符。 bimmediately ccare

13、fully drightly答案b解析考查副詞和上下文照應。結合下句中的“有機會的時候把它大聲說出來”可知,此處意為“有些時候你不能馬上表達自己的感激之情”。safely安全地；immediately立即,馬上；carefully小心地,謹慎地；rightly正確地。結合詞義和語境可知,答案為immediately。9a.remote bnearby ccrowded dpoor答案a解析考查行文邏輯。結合上下文的意思及其提到的“印第安人”可知,mark brian應是到了一個遙遠的、偏僻的小鎮,故用remote遙遠的,偏僻的。nearby附近的；crowded擁擠的；poor貧窮的,文中均沒

14、有涉及。10a.purpose bdesire cword dheart答案c解析考查行文邏輯。結合下一句的轉折可知,印第安人不用語言來表示感謝,而是以自己的行動體現出來,并非沒有感激之意,所以不能說他們沒有這種意圖(purpose)或欲望(desire),同樣heart也錯誤。have a word for表示“說”。 bstrange crespected dunknown答案a解析考查形容詞。結合句意可知,此處說的是他們有著與眾不同的特點,即這些人有著特別的慷慨。special特別的,特殊的；strange陌生的,奇怪的；respected受尊敬的；unknown未知的。根據句意可知,s

15、pecial為正確答案。 bshow cdo dreturn答案d解析考查邏輯關系。結合上下文可知,他們不是將感謝說出來,而是以實際行動來回報對方的幫助,故最佳答案為return。sell出售,賣；show顯示,展現；do做；return回報,歸還。 bmanner creward dvalue答案a解析考查平行關系。結合前文的“every favor with a favor of their own”可知,此處應用kindness,意為“友好的行為,好事”。manner方法,態度；reward報酬,獎賞；value價值。 bvocabularycknowledge dbooks答案b解析考

16、查語境。結合語境“我想在我們的詞匯中是否有表示感謝的詞語”可知答案。world世界；vocabulary詞匯；knowledge知識；book書。 bconnecting cconvincing dcopying答案a解析考查動詞。結合上下文語境,此處表達的應是“傳遞,表達”謝意。communicate傳達,傳遞。連接(connect)、說服(convince)和復制(copy)都不符合文意。16a.treats btranslates ctransports dtransforms答案d解析考查動詞。set sth.in motion使(某物)運轉,開動(機器)等,使(程序等)開始。本句話的

17、意思是“感謝會產生連鎖反應,而這會改變我們周圍的人,包括我們自己”transform改變,符合句意和邏輯。bmisleads cmisunderstands dmisspells答案c解析考查邏輯關系。結合上句,此處在解釋說明原因,表達為什么感謝有如此的力量,故此句句意應是“沒人會誤解一顆感激之心”。get獲得,變成；mislead把帶壞；misunderstand誤解,誤會；misspell拼錯。故選c項。18a.common buniversal cordinary dusual答案b解析考查形容詞。universal全體的,普遍的；common常見的；ordinary普通的；usual慣

18、常的。此處解釋感謝的特點和作用,即它傳遞的信息是普遍的,為大眾所公認的。故選b項。19a.beyond bover cbesides dthrough答案a解析考查介詞搭配。此處介詞與go構成的短語要與句中的barriers搭配。句意為：它的語言能超越世俗的障礙。go beyond超出,符合語境。go over復習；查看；go through經歷,遭受；besides除之外,均不符合句意。 bexcites ctouches ddecorates答案c解析考查動詞。cover覆蓋；touch感動；excite使激動,使興奮；decorate裝飾。結合語境,此處應用touch。句意為：它的音樂可

19、以感動上天。2(2009·江蘇)the requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.as a result,all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma.service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cle

20、aning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience,students must keep a journal(日志) and then write a 5 about what they have learned.supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning.perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 7 their

21、own interests and become 8 of the needs of others.students are also able to learn real­life skills that 9 responsibility,problem­solving,and working as part of a team. 10 ,students can explore possible careers 11 service learning.for example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or

22、 she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month. 12 there are many benefits,opponents(反對者) 13 ,they 14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.because service learning is time­consuming,students spend 15 ,they believe

23、 that forcing students to work without 16 goes against the law.by requiring service,the school takes away an individuals freedom to choose.in my view,service learning is a great way to 17 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers. 18 ,i dont believe you should force people to h

24、elp othersthe 19 to help must come from the heart.i think the best 20 is one that gives students choices：a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wi

25、sely.1a.spend bgain ccomplete dsave答案c解析此空要求選擇一個謂語動詞,而且其賓語是service learning,不是sixty hours。sixty hours在句中作的是定語,根據搭配和句意可知此題應該選c項,意思是完成60小時的服務性活動的學習。本題易誤選a項,但spend作“花費”講時,其賓語是表示時間和金錢的名詞,所以它是錯誤的。2a.and bor cbut dfor答案b解析此題選or,意思是“否則”。句意為：否則他們將得不到畢業證。 bideas cprocedures dexamples答案d解析根據下文include后的內容可知此處應

26、該選examples。subjects科目；主題；ideas主意,想法；procedures程序,步驟,均不合題意。4a.with bbefore cduring dafter答案c解析在活動期間學生要寫日志,然后再寫報告。所以此處用during,意為“在期間”。5a.diary breport cnote dnotice答案b解析學生每天寫日志,最終將會總結而成的是“報告”。diary日記；note(筆記)和前文的journal意思相近,所以不正確；notice通知,也不合句意。 bbenefits cchallenges dfeatures答案b解析從上下文可以看出此處說的是支持者認為此項活動有許多“益處”。7a.beyond babout cover din答案a解析最重要的好處是強迫學生不僅僅考慮自己,還要考慮他人的需要。beyond their own interests意為“超越他們自己的利益”。 bproud ctired daware答案d解析become aware of意為“意識到”,符合句意。 bapply cincludeddevelop答案c解析下文緊接著舉了三個例子,所以此空用include,其詞義是“包括”。 bfinallycluck