1、詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)例題解析詞匯的主要考點(diǎn)（1）詞義/詞組辨析：the books aretoday but i want to renew some of them.a. due （到期）b. reliable （可靠的） c. available（可用的）d. familiar（熟悉的）mrs rose offered aof 10（） dollars to anyone who found her diamond ringa. award （獎金）b. moneyc. priced. reward （報(bào)酬）the prisoner has beenof many privileges （特權(quán)）th

2、at average （平均） citizens（公民）enjoy.（享有）a. ensured （確保）b. informedc. deprived （剝奪）d.convincedscientists will new methods of increasing the world's food supply.a. set aside （放一旁）b. go over （留下印象）c. turn up （出現(xiàn)）d. come up with （趕上、提出、想出）catchthey were given nothingdry bread and water for their eveni

3、ng meala. other than （除了）except b. rather than。而不c. otherwise 否則d. thanyou will have to work very hard today tothe time you wasted yesterdaya .take hold of 握住b. make up for 補(bǔ)償c. keep up with住艮上d. have something（nothing） to do with與。有點(diǎn)（毫無）關(guān)系（2）固定搭配：he tried to look younger than he is but his gray hai

4、r gives hima. in 屈服b. out 分發(fā)c. upd. away 泄露he ran theof losing his life in saving the drowning childa. danger b. harmc. hurtd. risk冒險cancer is second onlyheart disease as a cause of death.a. of b. with c. to d. frompeopletoo much importance to economic forecasts預(yù)言a. expect期待 except b. illustrate 說明c

5、. attach 依附d. fasten系緊（3）同義詞與同義結(jié)構(gòu)：the diver was seriouslyin the traffic accident.a. injured 傷害b. brokenc. damaged 被損壞的d.spoiled 變質(zhì)the streets were emptythe policemen on duty.a. besides b. except 把。除外c. exceptingd. except for除了。之外except for也表示“除以外”，指對某種基本情況進(jìn)行具體的細(xì)節(jié)方面的修正。它同except 的區(qū)別是：except for后接的詞同句子

6、中的整體詞（主語）不是同類的，指從整體中除去一 個細(xì)節(jié)，一個方面；而except后接的詞同整體詞（主語）一般是同類，指在同類的整體中 除去一個部分。except用于同類之間。except for用于不同類的。apart from在同類或不同類都能用e.g.i can answer all the questions except the last one.除了最后一題外，所有題目我都可以解 答。your writing is good except for a few grammar mis takes. 除 了 幾處語法錯 誤外，你的作文寫得很好。（4）形近詞：a completely ne

7、w situation will when the examination 檢查 system comes intoexistence 建立a. arise 呈現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn) b. rise 升起c. raise 舉起d. arouse 喚配、引起、激發(fā)he is such an expert 專家 on machine repairing that his ears are highly to anyunusual sound in the machinea. sensible明智的，可感覺到的b. sensitive敏感的 c. senseless不省人事的 d. sensational轟動的，

8、極好的，絕妙的（5）慣用表達(dá)法：the movie starwith your sister, didn9t he?a. was used to danceb. used to dancing be used to doing/ sth 習(xí)慣于c used to dance 過去常常d. was used to dancingunlike most europeans, many americansbacon （咸豬肉）and eggs for breakfastevery daya. used to eatingb are used to eatingc. are used to eatd.

9、 used to eatwe do believe that the government should take measures 著手to wipe out徹底催毀 those cds and vcds.a. pirateb. piratingc. pirated 翻版的 d. pirates（6）短語動詞和動詞短語how do senior managers setmaking these decisions?a. about開始做某事 b.叩建立c. out動身，著手d. invip： very important personimportant people doivt often

10、have much free time as their workall their timea. takes away 拿走 b. takes over 接管、在。上花費(fèi) c. takes up 占去 d. takes in使上當(dāng)to become a qualified勝任白勺、 有資格白勺 member of our companysense ofresponsibility.a. calls on 拜訪 call atb. calls for 要求 c. calls off 取消、停止d. calls up 叫醒 wake up2、語法主要考點(diǎn)（1）主謂一致not only tom b

11、ut also his wifefond of watching television.a. areb werec bed wasthere be/either. or要么。要么/neithernor既不。也不。there _ a desk and two chairs in the room, isthere _ two chairs and a desk in the room, is就近原則the number of the studentssince 199&a. were doubledb. have been doubledc. was doubledd has been

12、doubleda large/ great number of 大量的neither the driver nor the passengers on the bus during our drive across themountains.a. was frightenedb was frightening c. were frightened d. were frighteningtom, as well as his parents,interested in watching movies.tominterested in watching movies as well as his

13、parents.a. are b. is c. be d. beenwith, together with, includingmany astudentplaying basketball after school.a. likeb. likesc- are liked are liked（2）基本時態(tài)及應(yīng)用難點(diǎn)注意吋態(tài)呼應(yīng)中必須牢記的基本規(guī)定the old couple said theyin this city for over 50 years.a have livedb. have been living c had been livingd. lived過去時態(tài)：過去完成進(jìn)行時ha

14、d been doing一過去完成時現(xiàn)在吋態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行吋have/ has been doing -現(xiàn)在完成吋一直在進(jìn)行the workby the time you get therea. will have been doneb is donec had been doned. would have一般將來完成時：will have done過去將來完成時：would have done一般現(xiàn)在時：i eat an apple every day.he eats an .we eatthey eat you eat一般過去口寸：i ate an apple yesterdayhe at

15、e 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： i am eating an apple now.he is eatingwe arethey are you are過去進(jìn)彳亍時:i was eating an apple then. he was. we were一般將來時：i will eat an apple tomorrow. he will過去將來時： he said he would eat another apple in the afternoon.現(xiàn)在完成時：i have eaten 300 apples since last year. he has過去完成時：he said he had eaten

16、300.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:he has been eating apples since this morning過去完成進(jìn)行時：he said he had been eatingthat morning將來完成進(jìn)行時：i will have eaten another apple by the time you visit me.過去將來完成日寸：he said he would have eaten another apple by the time you visited him.(3) 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級表倍數(shù) iwice/three limes + as 形容詞 asbel

17、ieve it or not, last year, matt earnedhis brother, who has a better position in abig companya. much as twice asb twice as much asc. as twice much asd. as much twice asmy new shoes cost methe last pair that i bough匸a. three times as much asb. three times more thanc three time as many asd. as three ti

18、mes much as用比較級表示最高級的含義in computer programming, this model isto any of the others we have in thedepartment.a. the most superior b. superior 較高"勺、 優(yōu)秀白勺c superior the most d more superiortom is taller than any other students/ any of others in his classtom is the tallest students in his class.固定結(jié)構(gòu)

19、：l.the+比較級ooo the+比較級：越。就越。2. 比較級 and 比較級：越來越。« 1) higher and higher 2) more and more beautiful, the worse i seem to feel.a. when i take more medicineb taking more medicinec the more medicine 藥 i taked. the more i take medicine（4）情態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動詞表推測:must： 一定，肯定 may:可能might:can't不可能，肯定不 may not可能不

20、might notmust do對現(xiàn)在的推測can/could：用于疑問句，可能嗎must have done對過去的推測e.g. you must have gone to see the movie 2012 last night.2. 基本意義must：必須neednt 不必mustn't不允許，不應(yīng)該e.g. -must i finish the job before i go home?no, you needrft二don't have to 不必'3. should have done/ ought to have done應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻沒做sho

21、uldn have done/ ought not to have done 不應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻做了 e.g. we were late for work this morning. weearlier.a. should get up b should have got up c shouldn't have got up d. ought not to have got upe. g. she is so sad to hear about that. weher so directly.a. ought to tell b. ought not to tell c ough

22、t not to have told d. ought to have told since jane isn't answering her telephone, she.a. must have leftb. can have leftc. should have leftd. need have left(5) 冠詞1. 不定冠詞：a/ an 定冠詞：the2. 哪些詞前面不用定冠詞：球類、棋牌類前不用play cards, play chess, play football 哪些前面一定要有：樂器前play the pianothere is“it in the word un

23、iversity. and"s" in set. a/ aneverybody knows guo feng is.a. a singer and a composerb singer and composerc. the singer and composerd. a singer and composer 作曲家3表示同一個人：爾個名詞共用一個不楚冠詞a/ana singer and dancerperson who can dance and singa. are the b. are two c is a d. is two4. the +形容詞表示一類人，是復(fù)數(shù)的

24、概念the youngthe future of our countrya. is b. are c. was d. were(6) 非謂語動詞動名詞it is no goodto come now he is busy.a. to ask himb. if you ask himc that you ask himd asking himit is no good/ use doing sth.分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動與正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動與完成weather, we will go outing.a. permits b. will permit c permitting d. is

25、permitting獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(independent genitive)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞,后一部分是非謂語動詞 或其他的一些詞。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語,多用 于書面語。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，常用來表示 時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。例如：1) 表示時間the meeting being over, all of us went home.開完會后我彳門都冋家了。her work done,

26、she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下來喝茶。2) 表示條件the condition being favourable, he may succeed.若條件有利,他或許能成 功。3) 表示原因there being no taxis, we had to walk.沒有出租車，我們只好步行。he wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty.枚 又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)的。4) 表示伴隨情況almost all metals are good conductors

27、, silver being the best of all.兒乎 所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。(=almost all metals are good con ductors, and silver is the best of all.)常見的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種：1. 名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間主謂關(guān)系。如：the girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didrt't know wh at to say.姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。time permitting

28、 (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時間允許的話，我們明天去郊游。2. 名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞。名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間的動賓關(guān)系。如：the problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on

29、 the blackboard.由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見黑板上的字。3. 名詞/主格代詞+不定式。名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的 是一次具體性的動作。如：he is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.借助于一些 舊零件，他要做一個飛機(jī)模型。they said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。4. 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。如：an air accident hap

30、pened to the plane, nobody alive 那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空 難，無一人生還。so many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.這么多人缺 席，會議不得不取消。5. 名詞/主格代詞+副詞。女口：he put on his sweater wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。the meeting over, they all went home.會議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。6. 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語。如：the boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.那男孩

31、手里拿著書去教室。mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.嗎麗靠近:k爐 坐著，背對著門。7. there being +名詞（代詞）如：there being nothing else to do, we went home.沒有別的事可做，我們就 回家了。there being no further business, i declare the meeting closed.沒有再要 討論的事了，我宣布散會。8. it being h名詞（代詞）如1：it being christmas, the governm

32、ent offices were closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣 故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。it being a holiday, all the shops were shut, rtl于今天是假日，所有商店都 關(guān)門了。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。舉例：the test finished, we began our holiday.=when the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們

33、開始放假。the preside nt assassi nated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.=after the preside nt was assassi nated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之屮。weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。this done, we went home工作完成后，我們才回家。the meeti ng gone over, ev

34、ery one tired to go home earlier.會議結(jié)束后，每個人都想早點(diǎn)回家。he came into the room, his ears red with cold他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。he came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時可在其前加上介詞witho如：don't sleep with the windows open.別開著窗睡覺。he was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床

35、上。she came in with a book in her hand.她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。he fell asleep with the lamp burning.他沒熄燈就睡著了。i won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因?yàn)閶寢層?病，我無法去度假。he sat there with his eyes closed.他閉目坐在那兒。all the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整個下午他都鎖著門在 房里工作。i can't go out

36、with all these clothes to wash.耍洗這些衣服，我無法出去 to使用獨(dú)立主格四點(diǎn)注意：1. 獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對 象時，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：after class was ov er (=class being over / class over), the students soon left the classroom.t 課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的 being (或 having been)不能

37、省略。(1) 獨(dú)立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如：it being sunday, we went to church. 因?yàn)槭切瞧谔欤覀內(nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2) 在 there being + 名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。女0： there being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。3. 通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在“名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如：miss smith entered the classroom,book in hand.史密斯小姐走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書。比較wi

38、th的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 如:miss smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式the chief-editor arriving, we began the m eeting.主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于 一個狀語從句或并列句。1用作時間狀語：the work done (=after the work had been done), we w ent home.工作完成后，我們就回家了。2. 用

39、作條件狀語：weather permitting (=lf weather permits), they will go o n an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次 海濱小游。3. 用作原因狀語：an important lecture to be given tomorrow (=as an imp ortant lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late intothe night.因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個重耍的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

40、4. 用作伴隨狀語：he was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under hi s head (=and his hands were crossed under his head)他躺在草地上，兩手交 叉枕在腦后。5. 表示彳卜充明：we redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。少注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間、條件或原因時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，一般放在 句首，表示原因時述可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，通 常放于句末。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)妙題

41、賞析請看下面一道題：not far from the school there was a garden, owner seated in it playi ng chess with his little gra ndson every after noon.a. its b. whose c. which d. thatnot far from the school there was a garden, whose owner is seated in it 【分析】此題很容易誤選b,許多同學(xué)會認(rèn)為句中逗號后是一個非限制性的定語 從句，whose在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞owne

42、r。此分析從表面上看， 似乎天衣無縫，但實(shí)質(zhì)上是錯的，原因是空格后根本不是一個句子，因?yàn)闆]有謂語。 盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為，其中的seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語， 要么它就用于被動語態(tài)，所以若在seated前加上助動詞is,則可以選擇b (當(dāng)然 若將seated改為sitting,也應(yīng)選擇b)。所以此題最佳答案選a。請?jiān)倏匆粋€類似的例子：(1) he wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into foreignian guages.a. it b. th

43、em c this d. that(2) he wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreign ianguages.a it b them c. which d. that第(1)應(yīng)選b,而不能選c,是因?yàn)榫湫〉膖ranslated是過去分詞(非謂語動詞), 若選c,則該從句無謂語；第(2)應(yīng)選d,因?yàn)榫渲杏兄^語were translateddo再請看下面一例：(3) he wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated into foreign languages.a

44、. it b. them c which d. that【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個并列連詞and,說明這是一 個并列句，故應(yīng)選b,則不能選c。請做做以下三題(答案均為b)：(1) there i met several people, two of being foreigners.a. which b. them c. whom d. that(2) there i met several people, two of were foreigners.a. which b. whom c. who d. that(3) there i met several people, and two of were foreignersa. which b. them c. whom d. thatby a thick wall, they felt they we