1、氫光譜與 類氫光譜1實驗介紹3能級圖 4量子虧損2氫氘光譜目錄實驗介紹1實驗要點氫氘光譜的處理與分析2氫氘光譜12/6/2021波長校正測量波長測量波長/nm理論波長理論波長/nm偏離波長偏離波長/nm修正波長修正波長/nm403.98410.186.26.199702404.08410.296.216.199192428.02434.056.036.077098428.13434.176.046.076537480.34486.145.85.810266480.46486.275.815.809654583.745895.265.282926584.35589.65.255.27981512

2、/6/2021R常數計算nH原子波長原子波長/nmH波數波數/m-1R4486.2696542056472.1480.99940.187510974436.125434.2065372303051.4620.99940.2110973495.826410.2791922437364.6520.99940.222222222 10974725.7712/6/2021nH原子波長原子波長/nm波長修正幅度波長修正幅度/nmH波數波數/m-14480.465.8035622055667.47520575690.9990765428.136.0809112303457.4923044770.99955

3、86404.086.2083762438548.57624386000.999979nD原子原子波長波長/nm波長修正幅度波長修正幅度/nmD波數波數/m-14480.345.8041982056174.69320575690.9993225428.026.0814942304041.28823044770.9998116403.986.2089062439143.37324386001.000223從光譜到能級圖3光譜到能譜氫原子12/6/2021光譜到能譜鈉原子量子缺的計算及理論分析4實驗結果躍遷能級躍遷能級波長波長1/nm波長波長2/nm平均波長平均波長/nm波數波數固定項固定項量子缺量

4、子缺n目標差值目標差值3s-3p589.03589.64589.33516968.2778 41793.11910.8975133s-4p328.96329.1329.0330392.36544 41793.11910.8975142.61E-053p-4d568.3568.86568.5817587.67456 24510.14120.018543p-5d497.61498.01497.8120087.98538 24510.14120.018553.48E-073p-5s615.61616.28615.94516235.21581 24518.2739 1.36016453p-6s514.

5、68515.14514.9119420.86967 24518.2739 1.36016462.51E-05思考：Z有效？ 量子缺計算是否準確？ 量子缺的物理機制？ 合理的修正？固定項Z有效計算計算公式數值計算：E0=511KeV,hc=1.24nmKeVZ有效3s-3p3.56853s-4p4.10183s-4d3.55613p-5d3.49373p-5s3.57343p-6s3.5574328.96329.1328.96329.0量子缺理論值計算量子缺spd31.3727974840.8833020.0099641.356754840.8672960.01130151.3519502140

6、.8620480.01254461.3493381530.8595470.01132771.3477663530.8579580.008522觀察規律：L=0，1時，量子缺隨n增大而減小L=2時，則無明顯單調規律書中給出的理論值1.350.880.01計算值1.3601640.897510.0185物理機制精細結構解釋合理修正波數固定項量子缺n列117587.674624514.660.019797459420087.985424514.660.0197974594.9987573.34E-07波數固定項量子缺n列11758724484.70.01135967542007324484.70.0

7、113596754.9987574.37E-07波長497.83nm！波長498.18nm！12/6/2021實驗能級圖實驗能級圖1 楊福家，原子物理學，高等教育出版社，北京，2008，4.2 周恒為，楚歌，堿金屬原子教學中幾個問題的討論，伊犁師范學院學報，2006，9.3 藍發超，唐宇，基于Matlab的鈉原子光譜實驗數據的處理，廣西物理，2007，28(3).4 趙新聞，Rydberg態Na原子量子虧損的理論計算，長沙鐵道學院學報，1998，6.參考文獻T H A N KS12/6/20213s3d3f3p3g4s4g4p4d4f5s5p5d5f5g12/6/2021Z有效有效3s-3p3.56853s-4p4.10183s-4d3.55613p-5d3.49373p-5s3.57343p-6s3.5574Znspd理論值理論值1.350.880.01測量值測量值1.360 0.898 0.01912/6/2021量子虧損量子虧損 spd31.37280.88330