1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上鋼結構工程施工方案Steel Structure Construction Scheme一、鋼結構工程概述A brief account of steel structure work 本工程為斯比克（中國）工業設備制造有限公司之汾湖新廠房項目鋼結構工程。分A-1和A-2兩個單體，其中A-1屋面面積3.4萬平方米，A-2屋面面積1.5萬平方米。生產車間內設有橋式桁車，鋼柱、鋼梁采用焊接成型的H型鋼，結構主材采用Q345B，檁條采用Z型鋼，墻面采用雙層壓型鋼板+保溫棉的構造，屋面采用鋼承板+保溫板+柔性防水卷材的構造。The working area of steel

2、structure work are production and warehouse halls, bicycle shed, total area is about 16500 square meter, roof pitch is 5%, eave height 13.75M. There will be 6 8t bridge traveling cranes in production hall, welding H-section steel column and beam, structural main material is Q345B, cold bending sheet

3、 steel Z-purlin, wall and roof cladding are double-skin pressed steel sheet and thermal insulation wool. 二、鋼結構工程的特點 Characteristic of steel structure work1、該工程單坡最大跨度為18m，鋼柱高度大，單榀框架的平面外剛度極小，吊裝過程中做好保證結構平面外的穩定作為安全技術控制的重點。The single span of the work is 18m, the height of steel column is large, single fr

4、ame plane external rigidity is very small, so the key point of safety technical control is to guarantee the stability outside the structural plane. 2、廠房最大連續24跨，長度方向252m，制作安裝時應注意誤差累計，做好測量控制點，保證整個廠房的安裝精度。Take out 6 steel columns from grid line 914 in the production building, instead of 52.5m space tru

5、ss as trimmer beam to support the upper structure and crane load, the installation of the space truss is a difficulty point of this work.三、施工現場總平面布置方案施工現場平面布置方案大體與土建單位一致，在土建單位搭設的臨時設施內進行鋼結構安裝。三、鋼構件的制作Fabrication of steel structural members （一）、制作前的技術準備Technical preparations prior fabrication 1、鋼結構制作前

6、必須熟悉設計的施工圖，了解設計要求，并審核圖紙，根據藍圖編制加工制作圖，并在得到原設計部門的認可后方可進行備料加工。Study and check the design working drawing before fabrication, make shop drawing and get approval from designer then prepare material for fabrication.2、根據構件類型、數量、用材制定加工計劃和加工程序。Make a plan and program for fabrication as per the type, quantity

7、and material of the structural members.3、編制施工工藝和技術措施，以及對加工用的設備制定檢查維護計劃，使機械設備處于良好狀態。Write construction techniques and technical measures, and the equipment regular examine and maintain plan, keep the machinery in good condition. （二）、主材采購計劃Material requirements:1、對工程用的材料應進行選定和確認。Select and confirm the

8、 material for the project.2、各種材料均應有質量證明書和出廠合格證。若有疑議則應按國家有關標準的規定進行抽樣檢驗，經檢驗合格后方可批量使用。All kinds of material should be with quality guarantee and ex-factory certificate. If there is any doubt, sampling examination should be taken according to relevant national standard, only when passed the examination

9、material in batches can be used.3、鋼材表面銹蝕等級應符合現行國家標準涂裝前表面銹蝕等級和除銹等級規定。Rust degree of steel surface should conform to the present national standard <rust and rust removal degree before painting>.4、連接材料(焊條、焊絲、焊劑)、高強度螺栓等，以及涂料(底漆和面漆等)均應具有出廠質量合格證書，并應符合設計的要求和國家現行有關標準的規定.Jointing material (welding rod,

10、 solder, flux), high strength bolt, and coating( under coat and top coating) should be with ex-factory quality certificate and conform to the design and national standard.5、嚴禁使用藥皮脫落或焊芯生銹的焊條、受潮結塊或已熔燒過的焊劑以及銹蝕、碰傷或混批的高強度螺栓。If the skin of welding rod is peeled off or the core is rust, welding flux is wet

11、ting and agglomerating or melting, the high strength bolt is rust/damaged or taken from different batches, these materials are strictly prohibited. 6、防腐油漆應符合設計要求和有關標準的規定，并應有產品質量合格證書及使用說明。Anti-corrosion paint should conform to the design and relevant standard, and with quality certificate and operati

12、on instruction.（三）設備及工具等準備Equipment and tool preparation1、對加工制作使用的設備應事先檢查，進行必要的維護。Check and maintain the fabricating equipment in advance.2、對加工制作使用的工具和計量工具應具有相當的精度，并定期送計量檢測部門進行檢測標定。The fabricating tools and measuring instrument should be with certain accuracy, and be examined and marked by the measu

13、rement testing department regularly.3、焊工必須具有上崗證，且應做符合其證書規定范圍的工作。凡停焊時間超過半年以上時，應重新考試合格才可上崗操作。Welder should bearing the qualification certificate, and do the work within the scope stipulated in certificate. If the welding work stopped more than 6 months, the welder should be re-examined and passed the

14、examination.（四）、鋼結構制作工藝要點Key points of steel structural member fabrication焊 接矯 正小 裝 配總 裝 配端部銑平焊 接矯 正端部銑平成品鉆孔鏟磨除銹退火處理油漆包裝半成品按分類堆放彎 制煨（滾圓）模壓邊緣加工（銑、刨、鏟）制 孔（沖、鉆）二次下料 割出廠放樣原材料矯正器剪沖鋸氣 割零 件 平 直拼 裝焊 接矯 正專心-專注-專業weldingadjustmentpart assemblyIntegral assemblyEnd millingwelding adjustmentEnd millingPuchingRus

15、t-removalAnnealing trPainting & packingSemi-ready product storagebendingEdge machiningPunching and boringSecond material utting 割Ex-factoryloftingRaw material calibrationCutting,punching,sawingsawingGas cuttingSpare parts straighteningassemblyweldingadjustment四、鋼結構安裝方法Steel structure installatio

16、n method(一)、安裝前準備工作Preparations prior to installation根據鋼結構安裝工程要求，在鋼結構安裝前，必須對安裝現場進行了解、場地已清理，吊裝道路應通暢堅實，施工電源已明確，并做好如下工作：As per the requirement of steel structure installation, before installation work started, it is need to check and clear the site, insure the access for hoisting is smooth and firm, an

17、d construction power is ready, the following works are also need to do simultaneously:1、對各組預埋螺栓進行了水平高度、軸線偏移等進行測量，并與土建施工單位做好書面交接記錄。Survey the horizontal level and axial deviation of the all groups of embedded bolts, make records for the handing over with the civil work team in writing.2、由于本工程構件量多面廣，對

18、鋼構件應編號和確認，避免用錯位置。The since the quantity of structural members is large and has a great variety, it must be numbered and confirmed to avoid mis-placed.±0.0000.050RC基礎水準儀(柱底標高)(基準標高)±0.00(一次澆筑標高)3、會同業主或現場監理進行安裝前的相關檢查和驗收。Make necessary inspection and acceptance jointly with the employer and s

19、upervisor before installation.（二）、鋼構件運輸及堆放Transportation and storage of structural members1、根據鋼構件幾何尺寸、單重合理配備運輸車輛，運輸中需做好必要的軟墊綁扎。Transport structural members by appropriate vehicle as per the geometric dimension and unit weight, make necessary soft mat and binding during transportation.2、鋼構件在裝卸、運輸過程中，

20、必須輕拿輕放。必要時墊起，防止損傷漆膜。While loading/unloading and moving the structural members, it must be handled gently. Insert spacer while necessary to avoid damage the painting.3、運輸堆放應有專人負責指揮和管理Someone must be put in charge of transportation and storage. （三）、結構吊裝方法Structure hosting and installation method1、 鋼結構

21、安裝思路Consideration about installation of steel structure本工程鋼結構為帶有桁車梁的標準門式鋼架，單榀剛架平面外剛度小，進貨順序從1軸線開始，先安裝12軸線的剛架，同時安裝柱間支撐、屋面支撐并校正形成穩定的空間體系后，再向29軸線推進，鋼柱采用單機旋轉法吊裝，鋼梁地面拼裝后采用雙機抬吊法。桁架式托梁采用地面螺栓拼接，雙機抬吊法。吊車梁高度距屋面檁條距離有3.5米，滿足最小起吊高度，可在屋面結構安裝完成后或穿插結構吊裝過程中進行。The type the structure in this project is a standard porta

22、l-framed structure with moving crane beam, external rigidity of a single frame is small, the sequence of mobilization of structure is start from grid line 1, first install steel frame at grid line 12, bracing to column and roof installed and adjusted simultaneously to form a stable space system, the

23、n moved to grid line 29. Steel column to be hoisted and installed through Singe-Crane-Rotating-method, the steel beam to be hoisted through Two-Crane-Lifting-method after assembled on the ground. Truss trimmer to be assembled with bolts on the ground and hoisted through Two-Crane-Lifting-method. Spa

24、ce between crane beam and roof purlin is 3.5m, it is enough for minimum hosting space, and can be done after the structure installed or alternated in. 2、鋼柱的吊裝與校正Hoisting and installation and adjustment of steel column（1） 鋼柱采用旋轉法吊裝，吊裝示意圖如下：Steel column to be hoisted through Rotating Method, diagramma

25、tic drawing as follows:123（a） 平面布置；（b）旋轉過程；1柱平放時，2起吊（b）（c）（d）（e） 中途，3直立旋轉法吊裝示意簡圖（a）（b）(a) plan layout (b) rotating process 1-column lain down 2-hoistingRotating Method Hoisting Diagrammatic Drawing(2)吊裝應有專人指揮，吊裝前進行安全、質量、技術的詳細交底。Someone must be in charge of hoisting and installation, safety, quality

26、and technology to be talked over in details before hoisting.(3)為提高吊裝效率，在堆放柱時，盡量使柱的綁扎點、柱腳中心與基礎中心三點共圓弧。For the efficient hosting, while piling the columns, put the binding point/column footing center/base center at a same arc. (4) 起吊時吊機將綁扎好的柱子緩緩吊起離地20cm后暫停，檢查吊索牢固和吊車穩定，同時打開回轉剎車，然后將鋼柱下放到離安裝面40100 mm，對準基

27、準線，指揮吊車下降，把柱子插入錨固螺栓臨時固定，并在兩個方向采用臨時拉結穩定柱子的結構。While the column is being hoisted slowly 20cm above the floor, stop hoisting for a while to check the sling and crane, open the swing brake, then put the column down at 40100 mm to the installation plane, align to the datum line, direct the crane descend,

28、insert the column to the anchor bolt and fixed temporarily, tie the column at two direction to stable the column structure.(5)鋼柱經初校正后，待垂直度偏差控制在20mm 以內方可使起重機脫鉤，鋼柱的垂直度用經緯儀檢驗，如有偏差立即進行校正，在校正過程中隨時觀察底部和標高控制塊扎之間是否脫空，以防校正過程中造成水平標高誤差。After initial adjustment of the column, only when the vertical deviation co

29、ntrolled within 20mm then can remove the hook of crane, check the verticality with theodlite, any deviation to be adjusted immediately, while adjustment is being done, observe the bottom and level control block to avoid horizontal level deviation.(6) 柱子的垂直校正，測量用兩臺經緯儀安置在縱橫軸線上，先對準柱底垂直翼緣板或中線，再漸漸仰視到柱頂，如

30、中線偏離視線，表示柱子不垂直，可指揮調節拉繩或支撐，可用撬動等方法使柱子垂直。在實際工作中，常把成排的柱子都豎起來，然后進行校正。這時可把兩臺經緯儀分別安置在縱橫軸線一側，偏離中線一般不得大于3m。在吊裝屋架時或安裝豎向構件時，還須對鋼柱進行復核校正。Vertical adjustment of the column, fix two theodlites to the longitudinal and transverse axis, first aim at the column bottom wing or center line then move upward to the colu

31、mn top, if the center line drifted off the line of sight, to adjust the tie rope or support, make the column to be vertical through prying. Usually to erect a row of columns first then to do adjustment. At that time, two theodlites can be placed at one side of longitudinal and transverse axis, devia

32、tion to the centerline not more than 3m. while hoisting roof truss or installing vertical members, the steel column must be re-check and adjusted. 2、鋼梁的吊裝Hoisting and installation of steel beam(1) 1）吊裝思路：鋼架整體跨度約135米，鋼梁共分9節制作及運輸，最大截面鋼梁節重量為2.5噸，采用分節安裝的方法。本工程鋼柱、鋼梁、平臺梁及檁條的安裝均采用分件吊裝法：一是對鋼柱依次進行吊裝；二是對柱間支撐進

33、行吊裝；三是對屋面梁、水平支撐、聯系梁依次進行吊裝。2）吊裝順序：第一步 吊裝5-8軸線鋼梁，并安裝到位。第二步將4-5軸線的兩根鋼梁在地面上拼裝成一個整體，然后吊裝到位，并拉設鋼絲繩穩固。第三步將3-4軸線的鋼梁在地面上拼裝成一根梁，并吊裝到位，用纜風繩穩固。第四步將剩余的鋼梁在地面拼裝，然后吊裝到位。并用纜風繩穩固。3）吊裝機械的選擇根據上面鋼梁柱的吊裝方案，確認該工程最大吊裝重量為鋼梁的吊裝，根據鋼架的截面特征，最大重量約5噸。鋼梁采用四點起板法吊裝，四點均用鋼絲繩抱屋架梁用卸扣鎖住，并用切口鋼管包扎。鋼梁吊點綁扎示意圖。吊機的選用吊機選用兩臺16TM汽車吊，作為現場卸貨、短駁、吊裝鋼柱

34、、抬吊鋼梁所用。 16噸汽車吊機額定性能表回轉半徑（m）主臂長度（m）主臂+付臂9.912.5814.9717.3519.7322.1224.524.5+7.53163.513.7612.72411.6811.6810.084.510.210.29.368.459.289.049.047.765.58.36887.286.4867.447.27.26.86.085.675.795.845.925.765.364.884.484.794.854.934.984.74.3494.134.214.24.33.83.5101.353.433.483.523.431.9122.652.622.662.6

35、92.721.4141.992.032.062.081.2161.51.51.51.0181.051.050.95200.800.65220.650.50240.45270.4最大作業半徑：R=27m額定起重量G=16T支腿跨度：5.34M×5.1m吊裝載荷Q¹組裝鋼梁重：Q=5T不均勻系數：K1=1.1動載系數：K2=1.05風載系數：K3=1.3基本風壓：W0=17.5Kg/m2S：迎風面積S鋼梁=1.33×30.6=41m2結構風載：W1= K3×W0×S鋼梁 =1.3×17.5×41=932Kg=1T計算載荷：Q計=

36、Q K1 K2+W1 =5×1.1×1.05+1=6.775T吊鉤重：q1=0.4T吊索具重：q2=0.2T吊裝載荷：Q¹=Q計+q1+ q2 =6.775+0.4+0.2=7.375T結論：考慮迎風荷載等鋼梁最大起重量約7.375噸，回轉半徑考慮5米，主臂長度約15米左右，吊機起重量9噸7.375噸，故安全。4）鋼梁的臨時支撐 鋼梁安裝后，在形成空間單元前易失穩，應采用臨時拉結固定，常用拉結方式如圖示：拉結方法采用直徑12的鋼絲繩作為攬風繩，等主結構穩定后拆除。第一榀鋼梁采用臨時攬風固定，第二榀結構安裝過程中與第一榀結構用檁條拉結，以保證穩定。5)鋼梁翻身就位后

37、需要進行多次試吊并及時重新綁扎吊索，試吊時吊車起吊一定要緩慢上升，做到各吊點位置受力均勻并以鋼梁不變形為最佳狀態，達到要求后即進行吊升旋轉到設計位置，再由人工在地面拉動預先扣在大梁上的控制繩，轉動到位后，即可用板鉗來定柱梁孔位，同時用高強螺栓固定。因該工程第一次起吊鋼梁長度為46米左右，應設五道攬風繩拉結聯系，在固定的同時，用線錘檢查其垂直度。第二榀后的大梁則用屋面檀條及連系梁加以臨時固定，After the steel beam turned over and positioned, trial hoist must be done repeatedly and bond again , w

38、hile trial hoist is being carried out it must be lifted slowly, the best state is that uniform force at each point and the beam will not deformed, then to hoist and rotate to the designed position, pull the controlling rope buckled on the beam in advance by hand on the ground, rotating to the positi

39、on, fix the column and beam connecting hole with high strength bolt. Since the first hoisted beam length is 46m, 5 guy ropes should be tied, while fixing it, check the verticality with pendant. The second and the after beams to be fixed temporarily by the roof purlin and tie beam. 6)在吊裝鋼梁時還須對鋼柱進行復核，

40、此時一般采用葫蘆拉鋼絲繩纜索進行檢查，待大梁安裝完后方可松開纜索。對鋼梁屋脊線也必須控制。使屋架與柱兩端中心線等值偏差，這樣各跨鋼屋架均在同一中心線上。Re-check the column while hoisting the beam, normally use the chain block and steel wire rope, the rope to be removed till the beam installed. The steel beam ridge line must be controlled. Make the deviation between the trus

41、s and the column ends center line be equal, so that all the roof truss to be at a same center line.（四）高強螺栓連接The connection of the high density bolt（1）、材料Material1、螺栓、螺母、墊圈均應附有質量合格證明，并應符合設計要求和國家標準規定。The bolt, nut and washers will be accompanied with the quality pass certificate of which is complied w

42、ith the national standard and the specification.2、螺栓、螺母、墊圈應保證配套，螺紋不得有損壞，保持清潔、干燥狀態，并應按規格分類存放在倉庫內。The bolt, nut and washers should be in uniform. The thread should not be worn-out. It should be in clean and dry state and be kept in the storage according to the specification.（2）、螺栓安裝前準備工作Preparation to

43、 the bolt before installation1、檢查各安裝構件位置是否正確，是否符合鋼結構工程施工質量驗收規范（GB50205-2001）的精度要求。Check each part of the installation is in right position and make sure that the installation is comply with the “Regulation for check and acceptance to the quality of steel structure work” code no. GB50205-20012、檢查安裝母材

44、的螺栓孔的孔徑及孔距尺寸，孔邊的光滑度是否符合要求，如有毛刺應徹底清除。Check the main material with the hole is correct in diameter and the size. Make sure that the smooth is met the specified requirement. If there is thread on the main material, we immediately remove it. 3、熟悉安裝施工圖紙及施工計劃，并準備好操作扳手設備及相關機具。We shall familiar with the ins

45、tallation construction drawing and program schedule and make full preparation to the work spanner and the other related equipment.4、準備好檢測工具。Preparation to the measuring tools（3）、操作工藝The workmanship1、連接處鋼板應平直，板邊、孔邊無毛刺，以保證摩擦面緊貼。接頭處有翹曲或變形時必須進行校正，并不得損傷摩擦面。The connection to the steel plate must be straig

46、ht, the side and hole should contain no thorn to make sure the surface is closely attached. If there is the bending, we shall make necessary adjustment and avoid the damage to the fraction surface.2、裝配前應清除孔邊污染的油污、油漆。Before fixing, we shall clean dirty oil and paint on the hole side.3、安裝時，首先用臨時螺栓拼裝，個

47、數不應少于接頭螺栓總數的1/3。方法是先用鋼穿桿對準孔位，在適當位置插入臨時螺栓擰緊螺母，每一個節點至少放入兩個臨時螺栓。不允許使用高強螺栓兼做臨時螺栓。一個安裝段完成后，經檢查確認合格后方可安裝高強度螺栓。Before installation, we shall use temporary bolt to fix in position, the number will be more than one third of the total number for the connected bolt. The method is pre adjust the steel hole and

48、put the temporary bolt inside and then use the nut to screw it. There will be two temporary bolts in each point. Not allowed to use the high density bolt to be served as the temporary bolt. After one section is completed, then to check it and confirmed then to carry out the work with the high densit

49、y bolt.4、安裝高強度螺栓，結構中心位置經調整檢查無誤后，即安裝高強螺栓（本工程采用雙螺母扣緊）。墊圈放置在螺母一側，不得裝反。如螺栓不能自由穿入螺孔時，要用鉸刀修孔后再穿入，不得強行用力打入，以防螺紋損傷，修孔后清理毛刺。While install the high density bolt, we shall make sure that the central position is check and no mistake and then procedure the work of the high density bolt (This project adopt the do

50、uble nut screw tight). The washer will be put on one side of the nut and be sure not in opposite direction. If the bolt cannot be through the hole freely, we shall use the knife to adjust the hole and then procedure the work. It should not use the force to go through the hole so as to avoid the dama

51、ge to the thread. Clean the thorn after adjusting the hole. 5、高強螺栓的緊固：一般分兩次進行，第一次為初擰，緊固至螺栓設計預拉力的50%60%，第二次為終擰，緊固至螺栓設計預拉力，偏差不大于±10%。預拉力按設計規范確定。施工中扳手扭矩公式Tc=k*Pc*d k=0.110.15 Pc(設計預拉力) d=螺栓直徑The tight for high density bolt: This work will be in two stage, the first stage is called preliminary tigh

52、t, the tight force is about 50%-60% of the designed pre-pull force. The second stage is called the final tight. The tight force will reach the designed pull force. The deviation will be less than ±10%. The pre-pull force will be determined according to the designed specification. During the wor

53、k, the spanner force formula will be Tc=k*Pc*d k=0.110.15 Pc(designed pre-pull force) d=the diameter of the bolt.6、檢查扭矩扳手標定記錄和螺栓的施工記錄，當有疑議時應檢查螺栓初擰記錄。Check the turn space spanner mark record and the bolt construction record. If there is any questioning, we shall check the preliminary tight record. （4

54、）、質量標準Quality standard1、高強螺栓的形式、規格和技術條件必須符合設計要求和有關標準規定，必須進行試驗確定扭矩系數或復驗螺栓預拉力，應檢查合格證及試驗報告。The high density bolts type, specification and the technical condition should be comply with the designed specification and the related standard. We must carry out the test to determine the turn space coefficient and recheck bolt pre-pull force and check the quality pass certificate and the test report. 2、螺栓連接面的摩擦系數必須符合設計要求和有關標準規定，表面嚴禁有氧化鐵皮、毛刺、焊疤、油漆和油污等。The connection surface for the bolt in friction coefficient will