1、鹽度對蒙古裸腹溞生長的影響課程名稱： 實(shí)驗(yàn)生態(tài)學(xué) 學(xué)生姓名： 高峰英 專業(yè)名稱： 海洋生物學(xué) 學(xué) 號： 1111004 指導(dǎo)教師： 趙文教授 鹽度對蒙古裸腹溞生長的影響摘要本實(shí)驗(yàn)以蒙古裸腹溞為研究對象，鹽度試驗(yàn)中設(shè)置 5個(gè)鹽度梯度: 15、20、25、30、35 ，每個(gè)梯度設(shè) 3個(gè)重復(fù)。通過觀察鹽度為 15 35條件下蒙古裸腹溞種群的生殖和增長能力，研究了室內(nèi)海水中長期培養(yǎng)對蒙古裸腹溞種群增長能力的影響及溞種對極端環(huán)境的耐受性。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:鹽度為 15 35時(shí), 溞種的生長趨勢基本相同，生殖和種群增長差異不顯著。關(guān)鍵詞：鹽度；蒙古裸腹溞；種群增長Effects of salinity o

2、n growth of Moina mongolicaAbstractThe extreme environmental endurance and effects of salinity ( 1535)，on reproduction and population growth of water fleas Moina mongolica population in order to evaluate the effects of long- term cultured in laboratory sea water on the population growth of the water

3、 fleas. The results showed that the water fleas acclimatized at salinity varying from 15 to 35 had no significant differences in population growth . Keywords：salinity ; Moina mongolica; population growth前言蒙古裸腹溞在分類學(xué)上隸屬于甲殼綱、鰓足亞綱、枝角目、裸腹溞科、裸腹溞屬。蒙古裸腹溞是何志輝等1-3首次在國內(nèi)報(bào)道并在海水中馴化成功的一種鹽水枝角類，上世紀(jì)80年代后在中國晉南半鹽水湖中被首次

4、發(fā)現(xiàn)并被馴化至海水中生活。該溞營養(yǎng)價(jià)值高，蛋白質(zhì)含量高且氨基酸組成平衡、富含高度不飽和脂肪酸，易于消化，耐鹽性強(qiáng)，適溫性廣，繁殖力高，生長快等特點(diǎn)；是魚、蝦、蟹等水產(chǎn)苗種生產(chǎn)中可部分代替鹵蟲和完全代替撓足類的生物活餌料，并可降低人工育苗的生產(chǎn)成本。關(guān)于蒙古裸腹溞的生物學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)、營養(yǎng)成分及大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)等方面國內(nèi)學(xué)者已進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的研究 4-14。該溞在海水中長期生活和連續(xù)進(jìn)行孤雌生殖對其種群增長能力會產(chǎn)生何種影響，是迄今尚有分歧的問題，也是今后蒙古裸腹溞在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中面臨的實(shí)際問題。郭東暉等15指出，經(jīng)過 15個(gè)世代孤雌生殖后，蒙古裸腹溞的生殖量呈下降趨勢。陳桃英等16指出，連續(xù)孤雌生殖24個(gè)世代

5、不會對蒙古裸腹溞繁殖能力產(chǎn)生明顯的影響。為了更能說明馴化溞與原棲地溞存活、生殖和種群增長的差異。本研究中，作者以蒙古裸腹溞為研究對象, 比較了不同鹽度對其存活、內(nèi)稟增長率和一些種群增長參數(shù)的影響, 旨在揭示長期海水馴化對蒙古裸腹溞在極端環(huán)境下的適應(yīng)性及耐受力, 以期為篩選蒙古裸腹溞大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)的優(yōu)良溞種提供一些參考。1材料與方法1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)材料試驗(yàn)中所用的蒙古裸腹溞均為晉南品系,試驗(yàn)開始前取不同馴化時(shí)間的蒙古裸腹溞各 1個(gè), 在溫度為 25，鹽度為 31.5，pH為 8.2條件下培養(yǎng)，待孤雌生殖第一代后, 將母溞吸出, 繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)幼溞, 如此反復(fù), 以獲得試驗(yàn)所需的同步性良好的幼溞, 避免由于個(gè)體差

6、異對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響。試驗(yàn)用海水取自大連黑石礁近海, 鹽度為31.5 , pH為 8.2 , 經(jīng)沉淀和砂濾處理后再用300目的篩絹網(wǎng)過濾和煮沸消毒。所有試驗(yàn)均用60mL廣口瓶，裝入相應(yīng)的試驗(yàn)培養(yǎng)液50mL，每瓶放入新生幼溞 10個(gè)。存活試驗(yàn)不投餌，生殖和種群增長試驗(yàn)選用海水小球藻chlorella sp為餌料, 密度為 1：106個(gè) /mL。溫度以恒溫水浴控制, 光照強(qiáng)度為 2 000 3 000 lx，光周期為 14：10 ( L:D )。1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法1.2.1鹽度對不同馴化時(shí)間蒙古裸腹溞生殖和種群增長的影響鹽度試驗(yàn)中設(shè)置 5個(gè)鹽度梯度: 15、20、25、30、35 ，每個(gè)梯度設(shè) 3個(gè)

7、重復(fù)。溫度均為(28±1)。試驗(yàn)期間，每天觀察蒙古裸腹溞的生殖和存活情況，并及時(shí)吸走新生幼溞和死亡個(gè)體，每天換水投餌 1次，各試驗(yàn)組均進(jìn)行到溞全部死亡為止。1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理根據(jù)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)編制溫度、鹽度和非離子氨組的生命表, 按下式計(jì)算內(nèi)稟增長率及其它有關(guān)的種群增長參數(shù)18: rm =inRo/T Ro=lxmx T=(xlxmx)/ lxmx =erm式中: rm為內(nèi)稟增長率，x為齡期，lx為x齡開始時(shí)的存活率，mx 為x齡開始時(shí)的出生率，Ro為凈增值率，T為世代周期，為周限增長率。試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以平均值表示, 采用 SPSS 130統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行單因素方差分析和多重比較，P<0.05時(shí)

8、差異顯著。2 結(jié)果2.1 鹽度對不同馴化時(shí)間蒙古裸腹溞生殖和種群增長的影響表1 蒙古裸腹溞的生命表X(d)nxlxdxqxexLxTx0(4.18)S=15101.0000011.90010119.002S=20101.0000013.80010138.001S=25101.0000014.13410141.335S=30101.0000015.33410153.336S=35101.0000015.90010159.0011(4.19)S=15101.0000010.90010109.002S=20101.0000012.80010128.001S=25101.0000013.1341013

9、1.335S=30101.0000014.33410143.336S=35101.0000014.90010149.0012(4.20)S=15101.000009.9001099.002S=20101.0000011.80010118.001S=25101.0000012.13410121.335S=30101.0000013.33410133.336S=35101.0000013.90010139.0013(4.21)S=15101.0000.6670.0678.9009.66789.002S=20101.0000010.80010108.001S=25101.0000011.134101

10、11.335S=30101.0000012.33410123.336S=35101.0000012.90010129.0014(4.22)S=159.3330.9330.3330.03578.5009.16779.335S=20101.0000.3330.0339.8009.83498.001S=25101.0000010.13410101.335S=30101.0000011.33410113.336S=35101.0000011.90010119.0015(4.23)S=1590.900007.796970.168S=209.6670.967009.1209.66788.167S=2510

11、1.0000.3330.0339.1349.83491.335S=30101.0000.3330.03310.3349.834103.336S=35101.0000010.90010109.0016(4.24)S=1590.9000.3330.0376.7968.83461.168S=209.6670.9670.3340.0358.1209.578.5S=259.6670.9670.3340.0358.4319.581.501S=309.6670.967009.6629.66793.502S=35101.000009.9001099.0017(4.25)S=158.6670.867006.03

12、88.66752.334S=209.3330.933007.3939.33369S=259.3330.9330.6660.0717.715972.001S=309.6670.967008.6729.66783.835S=35101.0000.3330.0338.9009.83489.0018(4.26)S=158.6670.8670.3340,03855.0388.543.667S=209.3330.93310.1076.3938.83359.667S=258.6670.86710.1157.2698.16763.001S=309.6670.967007.6729.66774.168S=359

13、.6670.9670.6670.0698.1899.33379.1679(4.27)S=158.3330.83310.1204.2207.83335.167S=208.3330.8330.6660.0806.100850.834S=257.6670.767007.1527.66754.834S=309.6670.9670.3340.0356.6729.564.501S=3590.90.3330.0377.7598.83469.83410(4.28)S=157.3330.7330.3330.04543.7287.16727.334S=207.6670.76710.1305.5877.16742.

14、834S=257.6670.7670.3340.0446.1527.547.167S=309.3330.9331.6660.1795.8938.555.001S=358.6670.8670.3340.0397.0388.56111(4.29)S=1570.7001.3330.1822.8816.33320.167S=206.6670.6670.3340.0505.3506.535.667S=257.3330.7330.6660.0915.409739.667S=307.6670.767006.0657.66746.501S=358.3330.833006.3008.33352.512(4.30

15、)S=155.6670.56710.1762.4415.16713.834S=206.3330.6330.3330.0534.6066.16729.167S=256.6670.6670.3340.0504.9006.532.667S=307.6670.7670.6670.0875.0657.33338.834S=358.3330.833005.3008.33344.16713(5.1)S=154.6670.4672.3340.5001.8573.58.667S=2060.60010.1673.8335.523S=256.3330.6331.3330.2104.1325.66726.1167S=

16、3070.710.1434.5006.531.501S=358.3330.83310.1204.3007.83335.83414(5.2)S=152.3330.23310.4292.2151.8335.167S=2050.500003.5517.5S=2550.50.3330.0674.14.83420.5S=3060.6004.167625.001S=357.3330.7330.3330.0453.8187.16728.00115(5.3)S=151.3330.1330.6660.5002.50113.334S=2050.5001.3330.26672.54.33312.5S=254.667

17、0.4670.6670.1433.3574.33315.666S=3060.60.6670.1113.1675.66719.001S=3570.71.3330.1902.9766.33320.83416(5.4)S=150.6670.067003.4990.6672.334S=203.6670.3670.6670.1822.2273.3338.167S=2540.40.3330.0832.8333.83411.333S=305.3330.5331.3330.2502.1674.66713.334S=355.6670.56710.1762.5595.16714.50117(5.5)S=150.6

18、670.067002.4990.6671.667S=2030.3000.6670.2221.6112.6674.834S=253.6670.3670.6670.1822.0453.3337.499S=3040.410.2502.1673.58.667S=354.6670.4671.3340.286249.33418(5.6)S=150.6670.0670.3340.5011.4990.51S=202.3330.2331.6660.7140.9291.52.167S=2530.31.3330.4441.3892.3334.166S=3030.310.3331.7222.55.167S=353.3

19、330.3331.3330.4001.6002.6675.33419(5.7)S=150.3330.033001.5020.3330.5S=200.6670.0670.3340.50110.50.667S=251.6670.1670.6670.4001.1001.3331.833S=3020.210.5001.3341.52.667S=3520.210.5001.1341.52.26720(5.8)S=150.3330.0330.3331.0000.5020.1670.167S=200.3330.0330.3331.0000.5020.1670.167S=2510.1110.50.50.5S=

20、3010.10.3330.3331.6670.8341.167S=3510.10.6670.6671.1670.6671.16721(5.9)S=150000S=200000S=250000S=300.6670.0670.6671.0000.4990.3330.333S=350.3330.033001.5020.3330.522(5.10)S=15S=20S=25S=300000S=350.3330.0330.3331.0000.5020.1670.16723(5.11)S=15S=20S=25S=30S=350000表2 鹽度對蒙古裸腹溞各生殖參數(shù)的影響鹽度組別內(nèi)稟增長率rm/(ind

21、83;d-1)周限增長率/(ind·d-1)世代周期T/d凈生殖率Ro/ind150.39231.48036.81714.5200.37321.45238.22621.534250.30681.35909.32517.472300.32381.38238.61516.267350.34801.41629.79630.232鹽度為 15 35時(shí), 對同一種蒙古裸腹溞生長趨勢基本相同，生殖和種群增長差異不顯著。3 討論在室內(nèi)海水中經(jīng)長期培養(yǎng)的蒙古裸腹溞，在適宜的溫度和鹽度（15 35）條件下，生長趨勢基本相同，其生殖和種群增長能力無明顯差異，同時(shí)，馴化時(shí)間增長能改變該溞對極端環(huán)境的適應(yīng)力

22、和抗逆境能力。參考文獻(xiàn)1何志輝，秦建光,王巖.蒙古裸腹溞在我國的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其分布J.大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1988，3(2):9-14.2趙文,姜宏,何志輝.三北地區(qū)內(nèi)陸鹽水的浮游甲殼類J.大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1996,11(1):1-13.3何志輝,劉治平,韓英.鹽度和溫度對蒙古裸腹溞生長、生殖和內(nèi)稟增長率的影響J.大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1988,3(2):1-8.4何志輝,蔣響生.不同溫度下蒙古裸腹溞對鹽度變化的適應(yīng)能力J.大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1990,5(2):1-8.5何志輝,張雪亮,阿依古麗.蒙古裸腹溞在海水中的極限溫度和最適溫度J.大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1994,9(3):1-7.6王巖.溫度對蒙古裸腹溞耗氧率的影響J.汕頭大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):自然科學(xué)版,1999, 14(1):59-63.7王巖,何志輝,蔡云.溫度和鹽度對蒙古裸腹溞發(fā)育的影響J.海洋與湖沼, 2000,31(1):8-14.8王巖,何志輝.溫度和鹽度對蒙古裸腹溞種群內(nèi)稟增長能力的影響J.應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2001,12(1):91-94.9