1、國貿關鍵術語第一章相互依存interdependence貿易引力模型gravity model國際貿易理論international trade theory國際貿易政策international trade policy國際收支balance of payments外匯市場foreign exchange markets國際收支的調節adjustment in balance of payments微觀經濟學microeconomics宏觀經濟學macroeconomics開放經濟宏觀經濟學open-economy macroeconomics國際金融international financ

2、e全球化globalization反全球化運動anti-globalization movement新保護主義new protectionism第二章貿易基礎basis for trade貿易所得gains from trade貿易模式pattern of trade重商主義mercantilism絕對優勢absolute advantage自由放任laissez-faire比較優勢原理law of comparative advantage勞動價值論labor theory of value機會成本理論opportunity cost theory生產可能性曲線production poss

3、ibility frontier固定的機會成本constant opportunity cost相對商品的價格relative commodity prices第三章機會成本遞增increasing opportunity costs邊際轉換率marginal rate of transformation,MRT社會無差異曲線community indifference curve邊際替代率marginal rate of substitution,MRS自給自足autarky孤立均衡的相對商品價格equilibrium-relative commodity price in isolatio

4、n顯性比較優勢revealed comparative advantage貿易條件下均衡equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade不完全分工incomplete specialization分工所得gains from spccialization交易所得gains from exchange去工業化deindustrialization第四章提供曲線offcr curves相互需求曲線reciprocal demand curves貿易條件terms of trade商品或凈易貨貿易條件commodity or net barter ter

5、ms of trade一般均衡模型general equilibrium model第五章相同的生產技術same technology勞動密集型商品labor-intensive commodity資本密集型商品capital-intensive commodity勞動資本比率labor-capital ratio , L/K資本勞動比率capital-labor ratio , K/L規模報酬不變constant returns to scale完全競爭perfect competition國內要素流動internal factor mobility國際間要素流動international

6、factor mobility要素豐裕度 actor abundance相對要素價格relative factor prices派生需求derived demand赫克歇爾一俄林（赫一俄）理論Heckscher-Ohlin( H-O) theory赫克歇爾一俄林（赫一俄）定理factor-proportions or factor-endowment theory要素比例或要素稟賦理論Hechscher-Ohlin( H-O) theorem要素價格均等（赫一俄一薩）定理factor-price equalization( H-O-S) theoreml特定要素模型specific-facto

7、rs model投入產出表input-output table進口替代品import substitutes里昂惕夫之謎Leontief paradox人力資本human capital要素密集度的顛倒factor-intensity reversal替代彈性elasticity of substitution第六章規模報酬遞增increasing returns to scale壟斷monopoly寡頭壟斷oligopoly外包outsourcing國際規模經濟international economies of scale外部經濟external economies差別產品differen

8、tiated products產業內貿易intra-industry tradetution產業內貿易指數intra-industry trade index( T)壟斷競爭monopolistic competition技術差距模型technological gap model產品生命周期模型product cycle model運輸成本transport or logistics costs非貿易商品與勞務nontraded goods and services一般均衡分析general equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析partial equilibrium analy

9、sis資源定向型產業resource-oriented industries市場定向型產業market-oriented industries流動型產業footloose industries環保標準environmental standards第七章比較靜態comparative statics動態分析dynamic analysis平衡增長balanced growth雷布津斯基理論Rybczynski theorem中興技術進步neutral technical progress勞動節約型技術進步labor-saving technical progress資金節約型技術進步capita

10、l-saving technical progress產生貿易的生產和消費protrade production and consumption 反貿易的生產和消費antitrade production and consumption 中性的生產和消費neutral production and consumption正常品normal goods劣等品inferior good貿易條件效應terms-of-trade effect福利效應wealth effect不行的增長immisering growth第八章貿易或商業政策trade or commercial polices進口關稅i

11、mport tariff出口關稅export tariff從價關稅ad valorem tariff從量關稅specific tariff混合關稅compound tariff關稅消費效應consumption effect of a tariff關稅生產效應production effect of a tariff關稅貿易效應trade effect of a tariff關稅收入效應revenue effect of a tariff消費者剩余consumer surplus租金或生產者剩余rent or producer surplus關稅保護成本或重負損失protection cost

12、 or deadweight loss of a tariff名義關稅nominal tariff有效保護率rate of effective protection國內增加值domestic value added禁止性關稅Prohibitive tariff斯托爾帕一薩繆爾森定理Stolper-Samuelson theorem梅特澤爾悖論Metzler paradox最優關稅optimum tariff第九章配額quota非關稅貿易壁壘nontariff trade barriers,NTBs新保護主義new protectionism自動出口限制voluntary export rest

13、raints,VERs技術的、行政的與其他法規technical，administrative，and other regulations國際卡特爾international cartel集中化的卡特爾centralized cartel傾銷dumping持續性傾銷persistent dumping掠奪性傾銷predatory dumping偶然性傾銷sporadic dumping觸發價格機制trigger-price mechanism出口補貼export subsidies進出口銀行export-import bank外國銷售公司Foreign Sales Corporations,F

14、SC反補貼稅countervailing duties,CVDs科學關稅scientific tariff幼稚產業觀點infant-industry argument戰略性貿易政策strategic trade policy工業政策industrial policy博弈理論game theory1930年斯穆特-漢利關稅法Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 19301934年貿易協定法Trade Agreements Act of 1934最惠國原則most-favored-nation principle雙邊貿易bilateral trade關貿總協定General Agr

15、eement on Tariff and Trade,GATT多邊貿易談判multilateral trade negotiations國際貿易組織International Trade Organization,ITO危險點條款peril-point provisions豁免條款escape clause . -.國家安全條款national security clause1962年貿易擴大法Trade Expansion Act of 1962貿易調整援助trade adjustment assistance肯尼迪回合Kennedy Round1974年貿易改革法Trade Reform

16、Act of 1974東京回合Tokyo Round1984年關稅和貿易法Trade and Tariff Act of 19841988年貿易和競爭法Omnibus Trade and Competitivenness Act of 1988烏拉圭回合Uruguay Round世彝貿易組織World Trade Organization,WTO貿易保護授權或快車道速trade promotion authority or fast track反全球化運動antiglobalization movement多哈回合Doha Round第十章經濟一體化economic integration特惠

17、貿易協定preferential trade arrangements自由貿易區free trade area關稅同盟customs union共同市場common market經濟聯盟economic union免稅區或自由經濟區duty-free zones or free economic zones貿易創造trade creation貿易創造關稅同盟trade-creating custom union貿易轉移trade diversion貿易轉移關稅同盟trade-diverting customs union次優理論theory of the second best關稅工廠tari

18、ff factories歐盟European Union,UN可變進口稅額variable import levies歐洲自由貿易聯盟European Free Trade Association, EFTA貿易偏差trade deflection歐洲經濟區European Economic Area, EEA北美自由貿易協定North American Free Agreement, NAFTA南部共同市場Southern common market,Mercosur經濟互助委員會Council of Mutual Economic Assistance,CMEA國家貿易公司state tr

19、ading companies中央計劃經濟centrally planned economies雙邊協議bilateral agreements大宗購買bulk purchasing中歐自由貿易聯盟Central European Free Trade Association,EFTA新獨立國家Newly Independent Strites, NIS獨聯體Commonwealth of Independent States,CIS中東歐國家Central and Eastern European Countries,CEEC波羅的海國家自由貿易區Baltic States Free Tra

20、de Area,BAFTA 第十一章新居民地regions of recent settlement增長動力engine of growth剩余出口vent for surplus內生性增長理論endogenous growth theory亞洲經濟高增長High-Performance Asian Economies , HPAEs商品，或純物物交換貿易條件commodity,or net barter,terms of trade貿易收入條件income terms of trade單邊要素貿易條件single factoral terms of trade雙邊要素貿易條件double f

21、actoral terms of trade出口波動export instability市場委員會marketing boards國際商品協定international commodity agreements緩沖庫存儲備buffer stocks出口管制export controls購貨合約purchase contracts進口替代工業化import-substitution industrialization,ISI出口導向工業化export-oriented industrialization外債foreign debt新興工業化國家newly industrialized econo

22、mies, NIEs出口悲觀論export pessimism國際經濟新秩序New International Economic Order, NIEO聯合國貿易發展大會United Nations Conferences on Trade and Development,UNCTAD第十二章組合投資portfolio investments直接投資direct investments資產組合理論portfolio theory風險分散化risk diversification橫向一體化horizontal integration縱向一體化vertical integration跨國公司mul

23、tinational corporations,MNCs轉移定價transfer pricing腦力流失brain drain第十三章國際收支平衡表balance of payments貸方交易credit transactions借方交易debit transactions資本流人capital inflows資本流出capital outflows復式記賬法double-entry bookkeeping單方面轉移支付unilateral transfers統計誤差statistical discrepancy經常項目current account資本項目capital account自主

24、性交易autonomous transactions調節性交易accommodating transactions官方儲備賬戶official reserve account官方結算余額official settlements balance國際收支赤字deficit in the balance of payments國際收支盈余surplus in the balance of payments國際投資頭寸international investment position第十四章外匯市場foreign exchange market國際支付貨幣vechicle currency鑄造利差se

25、ignorage歐元Euro匯率exchange rate貶值depreciation升值appreciation交叉匯率cross exchange rate有效匯率effective exchange rate套利arbitrage即期匯率spot rate遠期匯率forward rate遠期貼水forward discount遠期升水forward premlum貨幣互換currency sawp外匯期貨foreign exchange futures外匯期權foreign exchange option外匯風險foreign exchange risk套期保值hedging投機spec

26、ulation穩定性的投機stabilizing speculation不穩定性的投機destabilizing speculation利率套利interest arbitrage無拋補套利uncovered interest arbitrage拋補套利covered interest arbitrage拋補套利平價covercd interest arbitrage parity,CIAP拋補套利利潤率covered interest arbitrage margin,CIAM外匯市場的有效性effeciency of foreign exchange markets歐洲貨幣Eurocurr

27、ency歐洲貨幣市場Eurocurrency market離岸存款offshore deposits歐洲債券Eurobonds歐洲票據Euronotes第十五章購買力平價理論purchasing-power parity(PPP) theory絕對購買力平價理論absolute putchasing-power parity theory一價法則law of one price相對購買力平價理論relative purchasing-power parity theory貝拉薩-塞繆爾森效應Balassa-Samuelson effect國際收支的貨幣分析法monctary approach

28、to the balance of payments貨幣需求demand for money貨幣供給supply of money基礎貨幣monetary base實際匯率real exchange rate資產組合平衡法portfolio balance approach即期匯率的預期變化expected change in the spot rate風險溢價risk premium(RP)匯率超調exchange rate overshooting第十六章貿易或彈性方法trade or elasticity approach貶值devaluation荷蘭病Dutch disease穩定的外

29、匯市場stable foreign exchange market不穩定的外匯市場unstable foreign exchange market馬歇爾-勒納條件Marshall-Lerner condition彈性悲觀主義clasticity pessimism識別問題identification problemJ曲線效應J-curve effect傳遞pass-through金本位制gold standard鑄幣平價mint parity黃金輸出點gold cxport point黃金輸入點gold import point價格黃金流動機制price-specie-flow mechanism貨幣數量論quantity theory of money全本位鍘的博弈規則rules of the game of the gold standard第十七章封閉經濟closed economy均衡國民收入水平equilibrium level of national income預期或計劃的投資desired or planned investment邊際消費傾向marginal propensity to consume,MPC消費函數consumption function儲蓄函數saving function邊際儲蓄