1、苔絲中修辭的翻譯ContentsAbstract (inEnglish)IAbstract (inChinese)IIChapter I. Introduction1A. Relevant background1B. Significance of the study2Chapter II. Literaturereview3A. Review of the previous studies3B. Summary based on the above-mentioned literature5Chapter III.Theoretical framework6A. Development of

2、 foreignization and domestication6B. Foregnization8C. Domestication9Chapter IV. Foreignization and Domestication in the rhetoricaldevices translation in Tess of the d Urbervilles11A. Foreignization in the rhetorical devices translation ofTess of the d Urbervilles11B. Domestication in the rhetorical

3、devices translation ofTess of the d Urbervilles15C. The relationship between foreignization and domestication17Chapter V. Conclusion191A. Summary of the study19B. Suggestions for future research20Works Cited21摘要苔絲是一部著名的文學作品， 修辭是該作品的重要組成部分，分析苔絲中修辭的翻譯有助于更好的了解這部巨著。孫致禮譯文中對修辭的翻譯是苔絲 眾多譯文中的佼佼者，原因在于其翻譯方法：歸化

4、與異化的恰當使用。 本文將從歸化與異化兩個角度分析孫致禮對苔絲中修辭的翻譯，旨在說明歸化與異化是相輔相成的，在翻譯過程中，應以歸化為主，異化應為歸化的歸途。關鍵詞： 修辭翻譯；異化；歸化；苔絲AbstractTess of The d Urbervilles a famous literary work. Rhetorical device is an important part of the literary work. Analysis of literarytranslation in Tess of The dUrbervilleswill make the masterpiece

5、understandable. Sun Zhili s version is remarkable among the versions of all languages, which reflect the rhetorical devices using different methods of translation. The most important thing is the strategy, because Sun prefers foreignization and domestication. The author will analysis part of transla

6、tion of rhetorical devices from foreignization and domestication in order to explain to complement with each other. Yet the main method should be domestication, while foreignization should follow2domestication during the translation process.Key words: rhetorical device; domestication; foreignization

7、; Tess of thed UrbervillesChapter I. IntroductionA. Relevant backgroundThere is no doubt hat Thomas Hardy Tess of the Durbervillesisa treasure in the literature of England even in the world. Under Hardy s pen, the heroine Tess is created as an attractive and warm-hearted purewoman, who has the quali

8、ty of endurance and self-sacrifice. Hardys descriptive language is beautiful, especially in relating the growing lovebetween Angel and Tess at Talbothay Thes. passion shown is so beautifully described, especially considering that there is nothing even beyond the realm of suggestive. The same descrip

9、tive style, which I felt, made the Mayor of Casterbridge and bit cumbersome, plodding and difficult to get into has a wonderful vibrancy and color to it, so that you can perfectly picture Tess and the little upward curve of her lip that drives Angel mad. The natural description is also thoroughly de

10、tailed in typical Hardy style, but once again has a beauty that the Mayor of Casterbridge didn t have.Hardy weaves a complex tale which clearly has dire thoughts of his eras views of morals and religions and the hypocritical stance which said that men were unable to control their sex and drives and

11、therefore3upper class men could have sex with as many peasant girls as they wished and have no reason to feel guilty. Alec is painted as the devil, reappearing in different forms and appearing with pitchforks in all his mustached, Victorian melodrama villain glory. Hardy paints a sad picture of reli

12、gion too, where minor doctrines are given more importance than forgiveness and kindness.All in all, Tess is a beautiful book full of gorgeous language and suggestive passion, which in my view is unequalled. In old China, girls should be hard working, faithful, loyal, intelligent, and virtuous and th

13、e most important thing was she must be a maiden! What about men? People did not care whether he was an experienced man or not, nor did they care about his character. They thought man equals power and power equalsrights. Now, lets not be so bitter. Nowadays womens situations have become much better.

14、Some are because of the change of society and some are because of civilization. Just let those poor painful women like Tess just a memory.B. Significance of the studyThis thesis gives a new definition to literature translation. It also states that literature translation should follow domestication t

15、heory andforeignization theory. The version of Tess of the dUrbervillesis a milestone of the culture communication and the development of translation. Among all the versions, Sun Zhili version is remarkable.4Sun Zhili employs different methods of translation, with different purposes and yield differ

16、ent results. The most important translating methods are foreignization and domestication. And these two methods are not separated, but synthesized. But the main method should be domestication, while foreignization should follow domestication. Tess ofthe dUrdervillesis more important than in other no

17、vels, because of different characters have various novels and his translations directlyreflect his own temperaments. Meanwhile, Sun suggests the charactersdestinies and the storys orientation. The understanding of the novels will correctly influence the meaning of the whole work. Analysis of rhetori

18、cal devices translation will make the masterpiece more understandable. It is a breakthrough point to research the translation of Tess of Thed Urbervilles.The author will analyze part of translation of rhetorical devicesfrom foreignization and domestication.Chapter II. Literature reviewA. Review of t

19、he previous studies“ Figuresof speech or stylistic devices ”which means “ waysofmaking our language figurative Feng 3)”(.When people choose language units to express their meaning, in order to make their language more vivid and more powerful, they will use certain rhetorical devices.“ Rhetoric origi

20、nals” from a Greek word “ PHTOP(KHETOR)” ,5which is an art of using language for persuasion, in speaking or writing, or in oratory (J. A. Cuddon 570). Aristotle, the father of rhetoric gave hisdefinition of rhetoric as“ The art of discoveringheavailableallt means ofpersuasion in any given case ”(Ari

21、stotle 350). Obviously, rhetoric of ancient Greek was basically the methods of persuasion or oratorytechniques. Aristotle also stressed his view as“ focused his discussiothe devices that an orator used in order to achieve the intellectual and emotional effects on audience that would persuade them to

22、 accede to his view point He”(326).In recent years, some western rhetoricians made more analyses and summarizations about rhetoric on the basis of new view points. These rhetoricians also attach great importance to the relationship between rhetoric and other subjects. George Kennedy said in his book

23、 A Hook in the Dark: “Rhetoric in the most general sense may perhaps be identifiedwith the energy inherent in communication: three motional energy that impels the speaker to speak, namely, the physical energy expended in the utterance, the energy level coded in the message, and the energy experience

24、d by the recipient in decode 327). William”(Cavino and DavidJolliffe gave their view about what is rhetoric as:“ Rhetoric is a priverbal, situational contingent, epistemic art that is both philosophical andpractical and gives rise to potentially active text 327).”(Western rhetoric originated from an

25、cient Greek (fifth century B.6C). At first, it was used at the court of testament inspection, and then became prosperous under the influence of democratic politics of ancient Greek. Around fourth centuries BC, Aristotle systemized the standard of rhetoric. Today, classical rhetoric refers to the rhe

26、toric system established by Aristotle and the further discussion of Cicero and Quinlian, which enriched this system. The oldest monograph about rhetoric is Aristotle Rhetoric. The rhetoric in the early stage mainly studied the basic elements of oratory. The development of rhetoric can be divided int

27、o five stages: the Classical time, the Medieval time, the Renaissance time, the Enlightenment time and the Modern time.However, the rhetoric of ancient Greek was limited in the use of three forms of public oratory: legitimate oratory, political oratory, and ritual oratory. Later, rhetoric extended i

28、nto the field of preach and all kinds of persuasive oratory and speech. Classical rhetoric divided the writing process of persuasive oratory into five parts: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. They are also regarded as the five basic elements of oratory. These five elements, until

29、now, are still the basis of modern rhetoric.B. Summary based on the above-mentioned literatureThe history of rhetoric is almost as long as that of human language. If one wants to exactly and vividly express his or her ideas in communication with others, he or she should fully take advantage of all7k

30、inds of language elements, and performs in appropriate language manners thus rhetoric came into being. In the interaction between human and nature, people created languages, and in the process of using languages, rhetoric was produced. So, rhetorical phenomena bear close and inherent connection with

31、 the development of languages. It is also the symbol of maturity, perfection, correctness and exquisiteness of languageforms. Sun Zhili version is remarkable because he used certain rhetorical devices, which made his language more vivid and more powerful.Chapter III. Theoretical frameworkA. Developm

32、ent of foreignization and domesticationForeignization and domestication are first mentioned by an American scholar L. Venuti. And this term is directly from a thesis of German scholar Schleiemacher. In his thesis, Schleiemacher home discusses the relation between translation and comprehension. He al

33、so points out that there are two kinds of situations. One is to make the readers close to the author and the other is to make the author close to thereaders. If a translator makes the readers close to the authors cultural background, the readers can feel the emotional appeal. In this paper, Schleiem

34、acher mentions a method: taking the author as the center or taking the readers as the center. This point of view influences the later8theories a lot.In the past, many translators have their different opinions of whether the original passage can be translated or not. To meet the need of the culture c

35、irculation, translation has been a necessary tool of transmitting the foreign cultures and introducing the domestic cultures.In recent 20 years, translation research emerges two tends. One is that translation theory is branded with communication theory; the other is to focus more on cultural transla

36、tion than language translation. Translation is not the transformation of language symbol but the transformation of culture. For translation refers to the culture transformations between two languages, the problem of the relationship between language and culture comes. Language and culture are undeta

37、chable. Without language, culture cannot exist, while language is meaningful only if it can reflect the culture, because the first part that translation refers to is the meaning. Meanwhile, the words are meaningful only if they relate to culture. Since translation concerns to culture, the problem is

38、 how to deal with the culture factor in the text especially whenthe source language texts culture differs much with the target language culture. The translation circle has different attitudes toward handling the culture difference. Generally speaking, it can be divided into to ways: one is alienatio

39、n and the other is adaptation. The former stands for source language or author oriented, while the latter is target language or reader9oriented. If points of the culture transformation, the two methods are source language culture oriented and target language culture oriented (Guo 272-73).Recently, a

40、 great number of translators argue that with which translating strategy, foreignization or domestication, we could translate better. There has been a heated discussion on which of the two methods is better, just like the debate between foreignization and domestication. Two attitudes present the argu

41、ment of it in China. Some experts believe that inthe 21st century, China has more opportunity to communicate with other counties in economic, science, culture, and Chinese people tend to spread Chinese culture to the foreigners so foreignization will be used more widely.In China, the dispute between

42、 foreignization and domestication originated from 1987, when Liu Yingkai bitterly attacked several bad things of Domestication, and considered it as the wrong road of translation. Sun Zhili said “Chinesetranslation should tend fromdomesticating translation to foreignization (Sun” 40). As the economi

43、c globalization and cultural communication developed, foreignization will be dominant in the translation strategies. Foreignization will get more attention in literature translation.B. ForeignizationForeignization is a term used by Venuti to designate the type of10translation in which a target trans

44、lation is produced, which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. Venuti sees the origin of such a concept in Schleiermacher, who discusses the type of translation in which“the translator leaves the authorin peace, as much as possible, and mo

45、ves the reader towards him”(Venuti 19). Early in the 1920s and 1930s of the last century, Mr. Lu Xun put forward the advocate of foreignization not domestication. He said,“ Translation has to cover the foreign appeal, that is, the foreign flavor or style. There is, in fact, no completely domesticati

46、ng or assimilating translation all over the world. It is, if any, seemingly in harmony but actually at variance. Strictly distinguished, it does not refer to translation (Lu 56). Unfortunately, his advocate did not evoke emphasis to a great extent in translation field. Domestication took the advanta

47、ges for a longtime. Since the reform and opening policy, with the coming of the Western translation theory, Chinese translators and scholars have had a new cognition between foreignization and domestication. They recognize the importance of foreignization. As a matter of fact, form serves content, a

48、nd certain form expresses certain content. The application of the expressions of the original can often express the original meaning accurately and thoroughly.C. DomesticationDomesticating translation is a term used by Venuti to describe the11translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style

49、 is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers. Venuti traces the roots of the term back to Schleiermachers famousnotion of the translation, which “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him ”(19-20). However, f

50、or Venuti the term domestication has negative connotations as it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which he are “aggressivelymonolingual, unreceptive to the foreign”,and which he describe as being accustomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign texts with targ

51、et language values and provide readers with the narcissisticexperience of recognizing their own culture in a culture other ”(15). The notion of Invisibility is important here, as this is the term used to describethe translators role in preparing a target translation likely to be acceptable in a cult

52、ure where domesticating translation is standard;indeed, it is the translators very invisibility, which simultaneously “enacts and masks an insidious domestication of foreign texts”(16-17). An approach based on domestication will thus involve such steps as the careful selection of texts which lend th

53、emselves to being translated in this manner, the conscious adoption of a fluent, natural-sounding target language style, the adaptation of target translation to conform to target discourse types, the interpolation of explanatory material, and the general harmonization of target translation with targ

54、et language preconceptions12and preferences. Venuti argues that domestication is the predominant translation strategy in Anglo-American culture, and that this is consistent with the asymmetrical literary relations which generally exist between this and other cultures, he further argues that, sine do

55、mestication serves broader domestic agendas, it is necessary to strategies (Mark & Moira 43-44).ChapterIV.Foreignization and Domestication in the rhetoricaltranslation of Tes of The dUrbervillesForeignization and domestication, evolving from literal and liberal, are also two methods in translati

56、ng, which are different from literal and liberal methods. The main difference is that the focus of the literal and liberal methods is how to deal with the form and meaning in the linguistic structural forms of the original, but the contribution of foreignization and domestication breakthrough the restriction of language and consider such aspects as language, culture and aesthetics. Literal and liberal lie in the value of language aspects. Foreignization and domestication base themselves upon the value in the cultural context. In