1、語法復習語法復習三大從句三大從句（定語從句；名詞性從句；狀語從句）（定語從句；名詞性從句；狀語從句）四大動詞四大動詞（動詞的時態和語態；動詞短語；情態（動詞的時態和語態；動詞短語；情態動詞及虛擬語氣；非謂語動詞）動詞及虛擬語氣；非謂語動詞）特殊句式特殊句式（倒裝；強調；省略）（倒裝；強調；省略）情態動詞情態動詞Can/could表能力表能力表請求允許表請求允許肯定句中肯定句中“有時會有時會”It can be very cold in the mountains./He can be really difficult to deal with sometimes.否定、疑問推測否定、疑問推測

2、cant help doing sth.情不自禁做情不自禁做/cant help to do sth.不能幫忙做不能幫忙做/cant (help) but do 只好做只好做sth./cant/can nevertoo/over/enough再。也不為過再。也不為過May/might表示請求允許表示請求允許肯定、否定推測肯定、否定推測祝愿祝愿May you succeed.祝你成功祝你成功may well do sth.很可能做很可能做/may/might as well do sth.不妨做不妨做must表表“必須，應該必須，應該”肯定推測肯定推測偏偏，偏要，常用于疑問句偏偏，偏要，常用于疑

3、問句和條件句和條件句If you must do sth./Why must you do sth.?shall一、三人稱疑問句中，表示征求意見一、三人稱疑問句中，表示征求意見二、三人稱陳述句，二、三人稱陳述句，表示命令、允諾、警告、威脅、（法律、法規、條約的）規定、表示命令、允諾、警告、威脅、（法律、法規、條約的）規定、決心決心should 應該應該 按道理說應該按道理說應該 竟然竟然 萬一萬一 用于虛擬語氣中用于虛擬語氣中will/would第二人稱表征求意見第二人稱表征求意見表示表示“意愿意愿”表示功能傾向表示功能傾向The door wont/wouldnt open/lock/shu

4、t.表示習慣性的動作表示習慣性的動作need/dare 實義動詞常用于肯定句實義動詞常用于肯定句need/dare to do sth./dont need to do sth./dont dare (to) do sth.情態動詞常用語否定句、疑問句、條件句有情態動詞常用語否定句、疑問句、條件句有need/dare(d) (not) do sth.情態動詞情態動詞+have done 1)表示對過去動作的推測表示對過去動作的推測must/may/might have done 肯定推測肯定推測can/could have done 疑問推測疑問推測may not/might not/cant

5、/couldnt have done sth.否定推測否定推測2)表示虛擬表示虛擬might have done 本可以做卻未做本可以做卻未做could have done本能夠做卻未做本能夠做卻未做should/ought to have done本應該做卻未做本應該做卻未做shouldnt/ought not to have done本不應該做卻做了本不應該做卻做了neednt have done本沒必要做卻做了本沒必要做卻做了注意點：注意點：無無mustnt have done和和need have doneneednt have done本沒必要做卻做了本沒必要做卻做了didnt ne

6、ed to do本沒必要做，實際也未做本沒必要做，實際也未做might have done/could have done既可表推測也可表虛擬既可表推測也可表虛擬虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主語從句中主語從句中It is a pity/a shame/important/necessary/strange/suggested/required/ordered that sb. should do sth.賓語從句中賓語從句中would rather (that) sb. had done過去過去/did/were 現在現在/將來將來if only/wish that sb. had done過去過去/di

7、d/were現在現在/would/could/might do將來將來“命令命令”order, command, “建議建議”suggest, advise, propose, recommend, “要求要求”require, request, demand, urge, insist, ask”等詞后面的名詞性從句中要使用虛擬語氣，等詞后面的名詞性從句中要使用虛擬語氣，that sb. (should ) sth.表語從句中表語從句中My suggestion/requirement/order is that sb. should do sth.同位語從句中同位語從句中I put for

8、ward a suggestion/requirement/ order that sb. should do sth定語從句中定語從句中It is (high/about) time that sb. should do sth./did sth.狀語從句中狀語從句中if 虛擬條件句：虛擬條件句：倒裝式；錯綜虛擬；含蓄虛擬倒裝式；錯綜虛擬；含蓄虛擬with/without/but for/or/otherwiseas if/though sb. had done過去過去/did/were現在現在/would/could/might do將來將來從句從句主句主句過去 had donewould

9、/could/should/might have done現在現在 did/werewould/could/should/might do將來將來 did/should do/were to dowould/could/should/might doHad sb. done sth., sb. would have done sth.Were sb. to do sth., sb. would do sth.Should sb. do sth., sb. would do sth. 1.If Paul had received six more votes in the last electi

10、on, he _ our chairman now.A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 2. Any living thing_ without water.A. would die B. will die C. should die D. may die3. He reminds me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.M8U3 Grammar全部倒裝全部倒裝1.There goes the bell! /Here comes the bus./Now comes

11、your turn./Away went the thief./ Away he went. /Look, there come the rest of our guests.2. At the foot of the hill lies a lake./stand many trees. 3. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. 4. Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers. 5. Present at the meeting are ma

12、ny experts.6. Such is the story he told me./Such are the results.here/there/now/then/up/down/in/out/away/off+謂謂語語+主語主語 （不用進行時；代詞不倒裝）（不用進行時；代詞不倒裝）介詞短語置于句首介詞短語置于句首+謂語謂語+主語主語 表語前置（表語前置（doing/done/形容詞形容詞/代詞代詞such)+謂語謂語+主語主語 M8U3 Grammar部分倒裝部分倒裝1.If 虛擬語氣條件句中，省略虛擬語氣條件句中，省略if, 將將had, should, were提前，提前，not不

13、不可以提前。可以提前。Had sb. done sth., sb. would have done sth.Were sb. to do sth., sb. would do sth.Should sb. do sth., sb. would do sth.Had he worked harder, he would have passed the examShould you do the experiment carefully, you would makediscoveries others wouldnt make.Were he to leave today, he would g

14、et there by friday.There is a possibility that these hens could be frightenedand lay fewer eggs should there be a sudden loud noise.2. so/neither/nor+情情/系系/助助+主語，主語， 表示表示“也也”；so+主語主語+情情/系系/助，助，表示表示“的確，確實的確，確實”-My room gets very cold at night.-_.A. So does mine B. So is mineIf you dont go there, neit

15、her will I.-David has made great progress recently.-So he has and so have you.3. 當句首狀語為否定詞當句首狀語為否定詞seldom, never, few, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere；否定短語；否定短語in no case/way; by no means; on no account/condition; at no time; under no circumstances；否定句；否定句式式not until, not onlybut also; hardlywhen;

16、 no soonerthan 時時 Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.Not

17、until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.4. only+狀語狀語 置于句首時，主句要部分倒裝置于句首時，主句要部分倒裝Only in this way can you succeed.Only after he has finished the homework is he allowed to go out and play.特例：特例：Only he knew the truth.Only a few mistakes he made.5. n./adj./v.原形原形/adv.+as/though+主語主語+謂語，表

18、示謂語，表示“盡管，雖然盡管，雖然”Child as he is, he knows a lot.Young as he is, he is very successful.Try as you may, you wont succeed.Much as I liked it, I couldnt afford it.Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.6. 在在So+adj./adv./Such+n.that結構中結構中,當當so/such位于句首時，主位于句首時

19、，主句要部分倒裝。句要部分倒裝。So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.So excited was the champion that he didnt know what to say beforethe reporters.So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply runout of time before seeing it all.So fast did he run that I could not catch

20、up with him.So hard has he worked that he has made great progress in English.Such a noble person is he that we all respect him. Such is the gravity of the situation that we cant underlie the importance of public attention enough. 7. may置于句首表示祝愿置于句首表示祝愿May you succeed.May you be healthy.May you live

21、long.8. 頻度狀語置于句首頻度狀語置于句首Many a time has Bob given me good advice.強調句型強調句型1. What was it that made him so angry?2. I dont know what it was that made him so angry./Do you know what it was that made him so angry?3. It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.4. It is that he

22、often fails in exams that made his parents worried about him.5. It was in the school which was built with stones by his father that he spent his childhood.6. It was because he was ill that he didnt come. 7.-Where did you meet your wife?-It was on the farm where we worked (that I met my wife).8. It is a fact/is common sense/is a pity/strange/necessary/said/suggested /seems/happens that9. It wil