1、定語從句。定義。an exciting match:形容詞可以放在名詞之前作定語，來修飾名詞 the book in my hand:介詞短語可以放在名詞之后作定語，來修飾名詞。 但如果修飾名詞的定語不是某一個詞或短語，而是一個句子時，我們就要使用定語從句。定語從句通常跟在所要修飾的中心名詞（先行詞）之后，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。 定語從句相當于形容詞或者介詞短語的作用。注意。1.從句相當于整個句子的一個成分，因此，從句不能單獨使用。She saw that he was sleeping.(賓語從句) I am reading the article which is about your

2、 experience in the UK.(定語從句)2.先行詞 定語從句所修飾的詞叫“先行詞”，因為它總是處在定語從句的前頭，比定語從句先行一步。 先行詞通常為人、物或者是事情。e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.關系詞 從意義上說：先行詞定語從句的組成部分從結構上說：先行詞不在從句中出現 引導定語從句，并取代先行詞在從句中的成分 e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.關系詞的功能：

3、1. 關系詞作主語（動作發出者）The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 關系詞作賓語（動作接受者）We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 關系詞作表語

4、Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy 1 / 15Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 關系詞作定語（通常為所有格）She has a brother. I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.5. 關系詞作狀語（時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe sch

5、ool where he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。關系詞。關系代詞(relative pronouns)who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行詞的后面，指代先行詞，引出定語從句。 在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語的作用。先行詞 人 事物 人+事物 主語 who /that which / that that 賓語whom / who /that which / that that 表語 that that that 定語whosewhose / of which / who的用法 先

6、行詞必須是人，作主語和賓語e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.The girl who you saw just now is Jane.作賓語時，可用whom, that替換, 可以省略。whom的用法 先行詞必須是人，作賓語。 通?？梢允÷?e.g. The girl whom / who / that you saw just now is Jane.which的用法 先行詞必須是事物，作主語和賓語e.g. This is the book which / that was writt

7、en in easy English by our English teacher. 作主語時，關系詞不可省略。The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作賓語時，關系詞可以省略。注意(whom & which)： whom & which做介詞賓語時，介詞?？商崆?，即介詞+whom/which+從句，此時whom & which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.The chair on whic

8、h she is sitting is made of wood.但當介詞置于從句末尾時，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from.有一些動詞短語中的介詞是固定搭配，不可拆開，一般還是放在動詞之后，不提前。 He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.動

9、詞短語是否可以拆分，關鍵看拆分后與拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不變，可以拆分，否則不行。 that的用法 1)that可作定語從句中的主語（取代who或which），賓語（取代who或whom或which） 2)關系代詞作表語，必須使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。 e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was. My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago.3)that的特殊用法必須使用that的情況。當先行詞是人+事物時。e.g.They

10、talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way.當先行詞跟在系動詞be后作表語，或關系詞本身作定語從句的表語時，關系代詞必須用that，但也可以省略e.g.My father is no longer the man (that) he was. He thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) s

11、he always wanted to be. Its a book (that) will help you a great deal.當先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞如the first, the last 等詞修飾時。e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the first choice that I have made.She is the most careful girl that I have ever known.This is the last letter that I received from h

12、im. 當先行詞前面有the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little等詞修飾時。e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown.Any person that wants to succeed must work hard.There is no difficulty that we can not overcome.I have read all the books that can be borrowed here. 當先行詞本身為不定代詞如a

13、nything, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one時。e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.There is little that I can do.There is nothing that I can tell you.I have tried everything that I can think of.I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday.注

14、意：anybody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。 不能使用that的情況。當定語從句前有介詞時，關系代詞不能用that。that不能用于非限制性定于從句。當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those, 指人時，用who。e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.當先行詞是he時，用who。(多諺語) e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt.He who laughs at last laughs best.當先

15、行詞本身是that時，用which或who避免重復不能用于非限制性定于從句。e.g.Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?whose的用法 whose作定語從句中的定語，表示所修飾的“某（些）人的”或“某物的” 。 e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class.Look at the house whose roof is red.注意： 當whose指代物時，whose+從句結構 =of which+從句 =of which the+從句 e.g. Look at

16、the house whose roof is red.Look at the house, the roof of which is red.Look at the house, of which the roof is red.as的用法 1)as用于限制性定語從句so as；suchas；the sameas；2)as用于非限制性定語從句。代表所修飾的句子，作用相當于which，但比which多一層“正如”的意思。 e.g.She is very careful, as (= which) her work shows.It is like a snake, as (= which) a

17、nybody can see. 但要注意，當as從句置于句首時，as不能由which取代。e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3)as的習慣用語as we all know 眾所周知as is well-known 眾所周知as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人們所預料的那樣as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那樣as often happens 正如經常發生的那樣關系副詞(relative adverbs) when, where, why 等跟在先行詞的后面，指代先行詞

18、，引出定語從句分別表示時間、地點和原因。在從句中充當狀語的作用。1)when 在定語從句中作時間狀語 when代替at / in / on / during/since which等，在定語從句中作時間狀語。2)where 在定語從句中作地點狀語 where代替at / in / to which等，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 3)why 在定語從句中作原因狀語 why引導從句作reason的定語，可以用for which取代，充當原因狀語。注意：當先行詞為某個時間/地點/reason時，關系詞的選擇要依據關系詞在從句中的功能。 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句形式上 限制性定語從句前沒有“，”

19、 非限制性定語從句前有“，” 關系詞 限制性定語從句中，關系詞作賓語時可以省略，可以使用that非限制性定語從句中，關系詞不可省略，不用that意義上 限制性定語從句如果刪除，主句意義不完整。翻譯成“的” 非限制性定語從句只對先行詞補充說明，刪除后，主句仍然能夠表達清楚 e.g.Her brother who/that is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to

20、college.她哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學，她哥哥是當兵的。 其他考點關系詞的省略 只有關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略 The young man (who) you saw was our manager.There is something (that) we must keep in mind.在表示方式的“the way”之后的定語從句有三種引導方式I dont like the way you answered my question.I dont like the way that you answered my question.I dont like the way in whic

21、h you answered my question.定語從句中主謂一致的問題 Mr. Smith, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Mr. Smiths, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Jeff is one of the students who _ punished.Jeff is the only one of the students who _ punished.I, who _ a senior high student, should learn hardKeys：is,i

22、s;are,are;are;is;am.that使用時候出現的矛盾1. The very chair on _ she is sitting is made of plastics.2. My sister is a nurse, _I am not. Keys:which;who.請找出下列各句中的錯誤并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a studen

23、t of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things a

24、nd persons who they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died l

25、ast year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school where your brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask

26、 the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea. 答案與部分解析: 1. wherethat/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英語中,有些短語動詞,介詞或副詞不可與動詞相分離。又如:look after, run into等。 3. whowhom。盡管在口語中who, whom都能作賓語,但在介詞后只能用whom。 4.

27、 thatwhich。 5. thatwhich。that不可以引導非限制性定語從句。 6. whichthat或去掉which。當先行詞被all, every, no,some, any, little等修飾時,常用that引導定語從句。 7. whichthat或去掉which。當先行詞被序數詞、形容詞的最高級或the only,the very等所修飾時,常用that引導定語從句。 8. whothat。如果先行詞既指人又指物時,常用that引導定語從句。 9. whichthat或去掉which。當先行詞為something, anything,everything, nothing,

28、 all等時,常由that引導定語從句。 10. thatwhich。 11. whichwhy/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wantswant。定語從句中謂語動詞的數應與先行詞一致。 13. hiswhose。 14. themwhom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. havehas。當one of+名詞復數作先行詞時,從句的謂語用復數;但是當one前有the (only)時,從句謂語要用單數。 17. whichthat/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19. 第二個whothat。當主句是以who 或whi

29、ch開頭的疑問句時, 定語從句常用that 引導, 以避免重復。 20. whichwhen或which前加in。選擇題1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that2. Is this the factory _computers are built? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is red.A. whose B. its C. wh

30、ich D. which of4. The man _ has arrived. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _ we are talking? A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _ the great writer was born. A. from where B. in which C. which

31、 D. in where7. The comrade _ is speaking at the meeting is my teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow, _ he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which

32、10. The school _I study is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands, _ the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _ my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in th

33、e house _ door facts to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _ your father nodded ? A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15. Wrestling is a sport in _ people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _ I know . A. all that B. all which C. al

34、l what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _ is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _ we visited last year ? A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _ was there ? A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _ I can

35、 do for you, sir ? A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _ she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _ we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _ the young men competed

36、 in were difficult . A. in which B. which C. it D. who Key:1-5DCCDA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 23 DAB定語從句練習1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.AwhichBwithCwith itDwith which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whomBby thatCby whomDby which3、The clever

37、boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.Aon whichBat whichCthrough whichDin which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain whichBworn byCthrough whichDon which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Brow

38、ns.Athat followedBto followCfollowingDfollowed6、You may take anything useful .Awhich you wantByou want themCwhat you wantDyou want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike BthatCasDwhich8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.Aof whoBof whomCof whichDof them9、You can take any se

39、at is free.Ain which BthatCwhereDwhich10、Is there anything to you?Athat belongBwhich belongsCthat belongsDthat is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.AwhereBthatCasDwhich12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.AtillBthatCsinceDwhich13、She hasnt got enough mo

40、ney she buys the rings.Afor whichBwith whichCthatDwhich14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.AtheyBwhichC/Dthat15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.AitBwhereCthatDwhich16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?AitBwhichC/Dthat17、The Second World War millions of people were

41、 killed ended in 1945.Aon whichBwhereCin thatDduring which18、The train she was traveling was lateAon thatBfor whichCon whichDwhich19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon whichBthatCwhenDwhere20、Ill show you a store you may buy all you need.Athat, thatBwhich, thatCwhe

42、re, whichDin which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon whichBon thatCin which Dwhich22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?AwhyBwhichCfor thatDfor why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school whereBthis school oneCthis the schoolDthis schoo

43、l24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.AwhoseBwhichCwhosDwho25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.Awhich has been shownBthat have been shownCthat have shownDhave

44、been shown27、Do you know the man ?Athat I spokeBI spoke toCto who I spokeDwhom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.Atwo-thirds in whichBtwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of themBnone of themCne

45、ither of whichDnone of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby itBthrough whichCwith thatDin which31、Do you know the reason he was late?Afor whichBfor whatCwhichDthat32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.AAsBThatCWhatDWhich33、John got beaten in the game, had been

46、expected.AwhoBwhatCthatDas34、Theyre invented me to their party, is kind of them.AthisBthatCwhichDas35、Crusoes dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.AthisBthatCwhichDas36、There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities.AasBwhereCwhichDthat37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a

47、 farm.AwhoBwhenCwhereDwhich38、Next month, youll be in your hometown, is coming.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhich39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.AwhichBthatCwhenD/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich、Fill in the blanks：1、This is

48、the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoples Repu

49、blic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles fr

50、om here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、Well put off the meeting till next week, we wont be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He

51、 was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house st