1、1.獅舞（liondance）是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅趕邪惡、保護人類。據記載，獅舞已有2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（thetangdynasty），獅舞就已經被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節（thelanternfestival）和其他節日的習俗，人們以此來祈禱好運、平安和幸福。theliondanceisoneofthemostwidespreadfolkdancesinchina. thelionisthekingofanimals.inchinesetraditi

2、on,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck. ancientpeopleregardedthelionasasymbolofbravenessandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumans.thedancehasarecordedhistoryofmorethan2,000years.duringthetangdynasty,theliondancewasalreadyintroducedintotheroyalfamilyofthedynasty.therefore,perfo

3、rmingtheliondanceatthelanternfestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.2.中國將進一步發展經濟、擴大開放，這對海外企業（overseas enterprises）意味著更多的商機。改革開放以來，中國企業與海外企業一直積極開展經濟技術合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企業不僅幫助了中國企業的成長，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國政府將繼續提供有利的政策和條件，推動中國企業與國外企業進一步開展合作。chinawilldevelo

4、pitseconomyfurtherandopenitselfwidertotheoutsideworld, whichoffersmorebusinessopportunitiestooverseasenterprises.sincechinasreformandopeningup,chineseenterpriseshavebeencooperatingwithoverseasenterprisesintermsofeconomyandtechnology,andhavescoredgreatachievement.overseasenterpriseshavenotonlyhelpedc

5、hineseenterpriseswiththeirgrowth,butalsobenefitedfromthecooperation.chinesegovernmentwillcontinuetoofferfavorablepoliciesandconditionstopromotethefurthercooperationbetweenchineseandoverseasenterprises.3.假日經濟的現象表明：中國消費者的消費觀正在發生巨大變化。根據統計數據，中國消費者的消費需求正在從基本生活必需品轉向對休閑、舒適和個人發展的需求。因此產品結構應做相應調整，來適應社會的發展。另一方

6、面，服務質量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質量的要求。thephenomenonofholidayeconomyshowsthatchinesepeoplesconsumptionconceptisundertakinggreatchanges. accordingtostatistics,thedemandsofchineseconsumersareshiftingfromthebasicnecessitiesoflifetoleisure,comfortandpersonaldevelopment. therefore,thestructureofproductsshouldbeadjuste

7、daccordinglytoadapttosocialdevelopment.ontheotherhand,servicesshouldbeimprovedtosatisfypeoplesdemandforanimprovedqualityoflife.1.端午節，又叫龍舟節，是為了紀念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國家帶來了和平和繁榮。但最后因為受到誹謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節的特色在于吃粽子（glutinousdumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布

8、的南方省份。theduanwufestival,alsocalledthedragonboatfestival,istocommemoratethepatrioticpoetquyuan.quyuanwasaloyalandhighlyesteemedminister,who brought peaceandprosperitytothestatebutendedupdrowninghimselfinariverasa resultofbeingvilified. peoplegottothespotbyboatandcastglutinousdumplingsintothewater, ho

9、pingthatthefishesatethedumplingsinsteadofquyuansbody.forthousandsofyears,thefestivalhasbeenmarkedbyglutinousdumplingsanddragonboatraces,especiallyinthesouthernprovinceswheretherearemanyrivers andlakes.2.朝氣蓬勃，充滿活力，豐富多彩的上海是現代中國的縮影。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市風貌，風格各異的萬國建筑為這座城市注入了無限的魅力。今日之上海，已經成為享譽中外的國際大都

10、市。漫步在這座日新月異的現代大都市里，你會發現許多精彩的歷史亮點，隱現在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀末開埠以來，尤其是新中國成立以后，是如何迅猛發展的。shanghaiisadynamic,diverseandstimulatingcitytheveryepitomeofmodernchina. thoughshanghaicannotrivalbeijinginculturalheritage,itsvariedarchitecturalstylesandcosmopolitanfeelgiveitacharmofitsown.todaysshanghai

11、hasbecomeaworld-famousinternationalmetropolis.awalkthroughthisboomingcityrevealsmanyglimpsesofitscolorfulpast.hiddenamongsttheskyscrapersareremainsoftheoriginalshanghai. theykeeponshowinghowshanghaihasbeendevelopingfastandenormouslysinceitsopeningasacommercialportinthelate19thcentury,especiallyafter

12、thefoundingofnewchina.3越來越多受英文教育的海外華人父母，已經認識到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同時，也通曉中文的重要性。中國的崛起，讓他們充分認識到孩子掌握雙語的好處既能增加他們的就業機會，也能讓他們接觸和熟悉東西方兩種不同的文化。這些人對中文的態度幾乎沒有完全改變。曾幾何時，他們還非常驕傲地宣稱自己只懂英文。現在，他們已開始積極支持孩子學習中文和中國文化，而且還不時走訪中國，欣賞壯觀的自然風光，認識豐富的文化遺產。anincreasingnumberofenglish-educatedchineseparentsoverseashavecometotherealizat

13、ionthatwhileenglishlearningisindispensabletotheirchildren,itisessentialthattheirkidshould haveagoodcommandofchinese.chinasrisehasfullyawakenedtheirawarenessofthefactthattheirkidscanbenefitfromtheirbilingualabilitywhichcannotonlyenhancetheircompetitivenessinthejobmarket,butalsofacilitatetheirexposure

14、toandfamiliaritywiththetwodifferentculturesbetweentheeastandthewest.theyhavehardlychangedtheirattitudestowardschinese.atonetimetheyproudlydeclaredthattheyknewenglishonly.now,theyhavebeguntogivefullsupporttotheirkidslearningchineseanditsculture,andtheyalsomakeoccasionalvisitstochina, wheretheycanenjo

15、yitsmagnificentnaturallandscapeandgettoknowitsrichculturalheritage.4今天，對中國文化稍有了解的人，都會知道中國的書法藝術。中國書法的發展得力于兩方面的因素。一是漢字，漢字是以象形為基礎的方塊文字，它具有獨特的優美形式，為書法藝術提供了條件。一是毛筆，毛筆的發明，是中國文化史上的重要事件，是書法藝術產生的基礎。由兔毫、羊毫、狼毫等做成的毛筆，柔軟而富有彈性，可以產生豐富的變化，為書法藝術的產生提供了可能。today, anyone who knows a little about chinese culture usually

16、knows about chinese calligraphy. the evolution of chinese calligraphy has benefited from two factors. one is the squared-shaped pictographic characters, whose beautiful forms provided preliminary conditions for the art of calligraphy. and the other is the writing brush, an important invention in the

17、 history of chinese culture and the basis for calligraphy to germinate and develop. the writing brush, made from rabbit, sheep or wolf hair, feels soft, supple, and is elastic and highly ductile. it paved way for the emergence of the art of calligraphy. 1) pictographic: 象形（文字）的2) germinate: 發芽，發生3)

18、supple: 伸屈自如的，靈活的，易彎曲的4) ductile: 可延展的，易于塑造的中國人飲茶， 注重一個”品”字。”品茶”不但是鑒別茶的優劣，也帶有神思遐想和領略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細啜慢飲，達到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術境界。品茶的環境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風景更是不可勝數。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。the chinese people, in their drinking of tea, pla

19、ce much significance on the act of savoring. savoring tea is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, an

20、d serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. you may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm

21、. buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. a tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful chinese landscapes are too numerous to count.

22、teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. 中國是文明古國，禮儀之邦，很重禮節。凡來了客人，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當有客來訪，可征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時，要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加開水，隨喝隨添，使茶水濃度

23、基本保持前后一致，水溫適宜。在飲茶時也可適當佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，達到調節口味和點心之功效。china is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy an

24、d serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. in the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus

25、 the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger. 1.神思遐想：reverie。 2.領略飲茶情趣：take delight

26、in tea-drinking。 3.在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶:這個句子較長，可根據其意思的層次，把它分成兩個完整的句子來翻譯，這樣就有較大的自由度來遣詞造句。4.擇靜雅之處：securing a serene space。 5.細啜慢飲：imbibe slowly in small sips。 6.達到美的享受：即享受到飲茶之美。allure這里是名詞，意為迷人之處，也可用beauty。 7.使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術境界：until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。 8.利用園林或自然山水間，搭設茶室：翻譯

27、時用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、優美得多。 9.讓人們小憩，意趣盎然:意思是(茶室)是讓人們休息、娛樂的迷人場所 10.禮儀之邦:即是一個很講究禮儀的地方，很重禮節為重復，不譯。 11.當有客來訪：是凡來了客人的重復，可不譯。根據下文的內容，加上before serving tea，使上下銜接貼切自然。 12.征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客：可理解為詢問來客他們最喜歡什么茶葉，然后用最合適的茶具給客人敬茶。 13.主人在陪伴客人飲茶時：譯為in the course of serving tea,與前面before serving tea相呼

28、應。 14.主人在陪伴客人飲茶時水溫適宜：這句話較長，可根據其意思的層次，把它分成兩個完整的句子來翻譯。 15.隨喝隨添：and thus the cup is kept filled或者and in this way the cup is kept filled。 16.茶食：意思為點心、小吃。 17.達到調節口味和點心之功效：點心為方言點饑、充饑的意思。1. 農歷九月九日為中國傳統的節日重陽節。根據傳統的陰陽說，九月和每月的第九天都屬于“陽”，陽有積極和男性的意思，重是雙的意思，因此就叫重陽。“九九”與“久久”發音相似，因此古人認為這一天是個值得慶賀的吉利日子。自古以來，人們就有登高以避免

29、傳染病的傳統，因此，重陽節也被稱為“登高節”。在這一天，人們還有吃重陽糕的習俗，因為在漢語里，“糕”與高（高度）發音相同。以此，人們祈求諸事取得進步。 the ninth day of september in the lunar calendar is “the chinese chong yang festival”. according to the traditional theory of “yin” and “yang”, both the 9th month and the 9th day of the month belong to “yang”, which means po

30、sitive and masculine, and “chong” means double, thus it is called “chong yang”. as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify “forever”, “jiujiu”, the chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. the custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics has been pa

31、ssed down since ancient times. therefore, the double ninth festival is also called “height ascending festival”. on this day, people will eat double ninth gao (or cake) because in chinese language gao (cake) has the same pronunciation with gao (height). people do so just to pray for progress in every

32、thing they are engaged in.2. 老子又稱道德經，只有五千多個漢字，共81章，分為道篇和德篇兩部分。雖然簡短，但它在中國文化發展中的作用卻很大：以它為基礎，中國古代產生了與儒家并列的哲學派別道家；根據它的思想，中國古代產生了以老子為始祖的宗教派別道教，這是華夏民族本土產生的最具影響的宗教。老子的思想直接影響了中國人的民族特性、思維傾向和審美趣味。直到今天，老子還在參與塑造這個民族的思想。laozi, also known as classic of the way and virtue (dao de jing), consists of just over 5,000

33、 characters. its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, dao (the way) and de (virtue). short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of chinese culture. it became the basis of taoism, the school of philosophy parallel to confucianism in ancient china. the thought of laozi

34、 formed the foundation of taoism, the most influential school of religion in china. it has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibility of the chinese nation. today laozi still plays a role in the development of chinese thinking. 1. 剪紙（paper cuttin

35、g）是中國最為流行的傳統民間藝術形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期（the ming and qing dynasties）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環境。特別是在春節和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世界各地很受歡迎，經常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。paper cutting is one of chinas most popular traditional folk arts. chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 year

36、s. it was widespread particularly during the ming and qing dynasties. people often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. during the spring festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. the

37、 color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. （from cet4-2013樣卷）2. 中國新年是中國最重要的傳統節日，在中國也被稱為春節。新年的慶祝活動從除夕開始一直延續到元宵節（the lantern festival），即從農歷（lu

38、nar calendar）最后一個月的最后一天至新年第一個月的第十五天。各地歡度春節的習俗和傳統有很大差異，但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅厄運、迎好運，家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯（couplets），對聯的主題為健康、發財和好運。其他的活動還有放鞭炮、發紅包和探親訪友等。chinese new year is the most important traditional chinese holiday. in china, it is also known as the spring festival. new year celebrations run from chinese new years eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar