1、【英語】高二英語閱讀理解專項訓練 100(附答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解1閱讀理解science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second- class citizens.as annie potts of canterbury university has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after m

2、onths of separation. when given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. whe

3、n a research team led by candace croney at penn state university carried wooden blocks marked with x and o symbols around pigs, only the o carriers offered food to the animals. the pigs soon ignored the x carriers in favor of the os. then the team switched from real-life objects to t-shirts printed

4、with x or o symbols. still, the pigs walked only toward the o-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two- dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.ive been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. at the start of my career almost four decades ago, i was firmly

5、convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. theyre other primates( 靈長目動物), after all, animals from our own mammalian( 靈長目動物) class. fairly soon, i came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express pr

6、ofound joy and mourning with their social companions. long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphin

7、s kept in small tanks at theme parks.over time, though, as i began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: will the new science of food animals bring an ethical ( 倫理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? in other words, wi

8、ll our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. but what about the rest of us? can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?（1）accordin

9、g to annie potts, hens have the ability of .a. interaction b. analysis c. creation d. abstraction（2）the research into pigs shows that pigs .a. learn letters quickly b. have a good eyesightc. can build up a good relationship d. can apply knowledge to new situations（3）paragraph 4 is mainly about .a. t

10、he similarities between mammals and humans b. the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsc. a change in peoples attitudes towards animals d. a discovery of how animals expressthemselves（4）what might be the best title for the passage?a. the inner lives of food animals b. the lifestyles of food anim

11、alsc. science reports on food animals d. a revolution in food animals【答案】（1）b（2） d（3） c（4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了動物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能 力。人類不應只將它們當作食物。(1) 考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“when given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward

12、 for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，當解決問題時，母雞們會推理：例如，受過挑選彩色紐扣的訓 練的母雞們有時會選擇放棄即時的食物獎勵，換取稍晚一些 ( 而且更好 ) 的食物獎勵。由此 可知，母雞們具備分析能力。故選 b。(2) 考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的 “pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. when a research team led by candace croney at penn state university carried wooden blocks marked with x a

13、nd o symbols around pigs, only the o carriers offered food to the animals. the pigs soon ignored the x carriers in favor of the os. then the team switched from real-life objects to t-shirts printed with x or o symbols. still, the pigs walked only toward the o-shirted people: they had transferred the

14、ir knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.” 可知，一些研究者拿著帶 x 標記的木板，一些研究者拿著帶 o 標記的木板，只有拿帶 o 標 記木板的研究者給豬提供食物，豬很快就只理會這些研究者了。當木板換成帶 x 和 o 標記 的襯衫時，豬仍然只走向那些穿帶 o 標記襯衫的研究者。這表明豬將把知識轉移到了二維 的形式，這是一種相當大的推理壯舉。故選 d。(3) 考查段落大意。根據第四段中的“at the start of my career almost four decade

15、s ago, i was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.fairly soon, i came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. long-term studi

16、eshelped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，數十年前，作者堅信猴子和猩 猩在思考能力和情感上都勝過其他的動物。很快，作者就意識到除了猴子和猩猩，鯨魚也 是文化

17、學習的主人，大象也表現出高興等情感。長期的研究也促進著我們社會觀點的轉 變：我們不再認為猴子只能是實驗室里的實驗對象，大象只能在馬戲團里進行表演，海豚 只能被養在主題公園狹小的池子里。很明顯，本段介紹的是人們對動物看法的轉變。故選 c。(4) 考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科學開始擁抱原來被我們認為是二等公民的動物們（即： 我們對某些動物的看法正在發生變化）。第二和第三段以母雞和豬為例告訴讀者：通過科 學研究，母雞和豬也具備情感，也具備分析推理能力。第四段介紹了人們對動物看法的轉變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動物當成我們的食 物。結合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞動物

18、也有情感有思想來展開的。故選 a。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷。段落大意和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱 讀，要求考生根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答 案。2閱讀理解a study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. these experiences affect the development of the brain. when children receive more attention, they often ha

19、ve higher iqs. babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. there are a hundred trillion( 萬 億)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.researcher judit gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing di

20、fferent sound patterns. her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. for example, one order was mu-ba-ba. this is the patterna-b-b. another order was mu-ba-ge. this is the pattern “a -b-c”. the images showed that the part of the brain responsible fo

21、r speech was more active during the a-b-b pattern. this shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. they also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar. positi

22、on is key to language, she says. if something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: john caught the bear. is very different from the bear caught john.”researchers led by scientist patricia kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the internet, or s

23、martphones no matter how educational doesnt appear to be enough for childrens brain development. they carried out a study of nine-month-old american babies. they expected the first group whod watched videos in chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-fac

24、e with the same sounds. instead they found a huge difference. the babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar chinese sounds as well as native listeners. but the other babies regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audiolearned nothing.（1）what make

25、s connections in a babys brain?a. having a higher iq. b. experiencing new information.c. the baby early age. d. the connection with other babies.（2）what did judit gervain and her team find in the experiment?a. babies identify different sound patterns.b. word order is relevant to meaning.c. babies ca

26、n well understand different words.d. a certain brain region processes language.（3）what does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3?a. grammar is important in learning languages.b. different orders have different meanings.c. different languages have different grammar.d. words have different soun

27、ds.（4）what is the main conclusion from the study led by patricia kuhl?a. babies shouldnt watch a lot of television.b. listening to different languages develops babies brain.c. foreign languages help babies brain develop.d. social communication improves babies brain development.【答案】 （1）b（2） a（3） b（4）

28、 d【解析】 【分析】本文屬于科普文章，介紹小孩最初幾年的經歷對大腦發育很重要，而媒 介輸入對孩子大腦發育效果不明顯，最有效的是面對面語言輸入。（1） 細節理解題。根據第一段 babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，嬰兒接收到不同信息，可 以讓大腦不同部分形成連接，故選 b。（2） 推理判斷題。根據第二段 the images showed that the part of the

29、 brain responsible for speech was more active during the a-b-b pattern. this shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. 可知，實驗表明嬰兒可以區別不同的聲音模式，故選 a。（3） 句意猜測題。根據第三段if something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: john caught the bear. is very differe

30、nt from the bear caught john.”可知，有些東西 放在句首和句尾，會有很大的不同，比如 john 抓住了熊，和熊抓住了 john，意思是不一 樣的，可知本句意思為位置對于語言來說很重要的，順序不同，意思不同，故選 b。 （4）推理判斷題。根據最后一段 researchers led by scientist patricia kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the internet, or smartphonesno matter how educationald

31、oesnt appear to be enough for childrens brain development. 可知，通過電視、 網絡等媒介的語言教學，對于嬰兒大腦發展是不夠的，并且后面的實驗表明，面對面的語 言輸入才有效，故選 d。【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和句意猜測三個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱 讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查讀的 技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關的：段落、語句，仔細品味，同時根據上下文進行分 析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3閱讀理解time:2017-01-24 from: editor: clove

32、rthe head of chinas largest online seller alibaba does not think china and the united states will have a trade war despite comments from the trump administration.jack ma is the chairman of the alibaba group. at the world economic forum meeting in davos,s witzerland, he said, china and (the) u.s. wil

33、l never have a trade war. give trump some time. hes open-minded, hes listening.t he chinese billionaire said he would do all he could to prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse.last week, ma met with trump at the trump tower in new york city. the chinese billionaire is said

34、to have discussed a plan to permit one million small u.s. businesses to sell goods on alibabas online shopping platform.during the campaign and after winning the presidential election, trump strongly criticized the chinese governments support for its businesses. he blamed unfair trade policies for t

35、aking away u.s. jobs. and he said that china unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan.trump also has threatened to place import taxes on goods from china and other countries in response to their trade policies.according to the south china morning post,masaid, american internati

36、onal companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization. he added that the u.s. should not blame the loss of jobs and companies on globalization.however, a new study by an american business group says many u.s. businesses feel unwelcome in china. the companies say the cost of doing b

37、usiness in china is increasing. they add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent way.the american chamber of commerce in china led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies.william zarit is chairman of the chamber. he says trade policies in china make it

38、difficult for american companies. he says, we feel that over the last few years that weve been taken advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the chinese market.another major concern for u.s. companies in china is fake products. fake products are copies of the

39、originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year.ma defended alibabas efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. he said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem.fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness,

40、ma said.im mario ritter.（1）the underline phrase “the chinese billionaire” refers to _.a. trump b. jack ma c. mario ritter d. willian zarit（2）the text likely take from the _.a. economic magazine b. trade speech c. website d. global news（3）about this passage, the most suitable title is “_”.a. chinese

41、billionaire does not see china-us trade warb. the american international companies removed most tariffs on products traded between the u.s and chinac. group says american businesses in china concernedd. the war about fighting against fake products【答案】 （1）b（2） c（3） a【解析】 【分析】文章主要講述的是中國的億萬富翁阿里巴巴集團董事長馬

42、云表示盡管川 普政府發表了不少批評言論，但是中美之間不會爆發貿易戰。他將盡一切努力防止兩國之 間的貿易關系惡化。(1) 推理判斷題。根據文章內容可知，劃線詞提到的“the chinese billionaire” 指 jack ma ，即 阿里巴巴集團董事長馬云，故選 b。(1) 推理判斷題。根據文章開頭 time:2017-01-24 from: editor: clover 及文章的 時效性可知，此文來自網站，故選 c。(2) 主旨大意題。文章主要講述的是中國的億萬富翁阿里巴巴集團董事長馬云表示盡管川 普政府發表了不少批評言論，但是中美之間不會爆發貿易戰。他將盡一切努力防止兩國之 間的貿易

43、關系惡化。a 項能概括全文，故選 a。【點評】考查新聞報道類短文閱讀。4閱讀理解anxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. more than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of mo

44、re than 100,000 students nationwide by the center for collegiate mental health at penn state. nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the american college health association.the causes ran

45、ge widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media. anxiety has always played a role in the development of a students life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. like m

46、any college clinics, the center for counseling and psychological services at the university of central florida (ucf) one of the countrys largest and fastest- growing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.anxiety has become characteristic o

47、f the current generation of college students, said dan jones, the director of counseling and psychological services at appalachian state university in boone, n. c. because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. accust

48、omed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves. and with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills. “they cant tolerate discomfort or having to struggle,” dr jones said.more often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a stud

49、ent under the control of anormal developmental issue-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. but to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved t

50、o triage protocols ( 分診措施). that means that students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.like many college counseling centers, ucf has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their trigge

51、rs. next fall the center will test a new app for treating anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a students phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. it also offers semester-long, 90-minute weekly therapy groups, such as “keeping calm and

52、 in control”, “mindfulness for depression” and “building social confidence” -for students struggling with social anxiety.（1）which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?a. protection from teachers. b. an app in students phones.c. increasingly learning pressure. d. management o

53、f time learning.（2）what does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 3 probably mean?a. prevention. b. motivation. c. acquisition. d. direction.（3）whats the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?a. to help students suffering anxiety.b. to test what social anxiety is.c.

54、 to introduce the cognitive behavioral program of ucf.d. to emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.（4）which of the following would be the best title for the text?a. tips on dealing with anxietyb. causes of anxiety and depressionc. different mental diseases threaten college studentsd. colleg

55、e mental health centers overburdened with anxious students【答案】 （1）c（2） b（3） a（4） d【解析】 【分析】焦慮癥已經超越抑郁癥成為大學生中最常見的心理健康問題，文章分析 焦慮可能產生的原因，以及某些大學為此采取的措施。（1 ）細節理解題。根據第二段內容 the causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with soci

56、al media（專家稱焦慮癥的原因多種多樣，從早年積累下來的學業壓力、家長的過度保護到對社交 媒體的強迫性依賴）可知，c 項（增加的學習壓力）會導致焦慮，故選 c。（2） 詞義猜測題。根據上句內容 accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern themselves.（很多學生都習慣于父母無微不至的監督，幾乎沒有自制能 力。）故這里遞進的句子 and with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life

57、skills. （ 由 于 家 長 總 在 身 邊 ， 學 生 們 普 遍 缺 乏 學 習 獨 立 生 活 技 能 的 _。），b 項“動力”最符合語境，故劃線單詞意思為“動力”，選 b。（3） 細節理解題。根據本段表述的內容：像許多大學的心理咨詢中心一樣， u.c.f.也設置 了多種日常研討會和治療小組，以直接或間接的方式解決焦慮、抑郁問題及其觸發源。明 年秋天，該中心將對一種新的擁有七個模塊的認知行為療法應用程序進行測試，學生可以 通過手機獲取該應用，并可與治療師進行簡短的視頻談話。故這些治療小組的目的時為了 幫助那些患焦慮癥的學生。故選 a。（4） 主旨大意題。通讀全文可看出，文章介紹了

58、焦慮癥已經成為美國大學生中最常見心理 問題，大學的心理咨詢中心已經超負荷，故選 d 作為標題最合適。5閱讀理解should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? in order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. not all historical buildings are attractive. however, there may be other reasonsfor example, economic reasonswhy they should be preserved. so, let us assume t