1、摘 要委婉語是人類語言使用過程中的一種常見的語言現象。幾個世紀前,西方學者就已開始對委婉語現象進行了研究。近幾十年來，國內外有關委婉語的研究論著不少，已取得了新的進展。為了揭示委婉語的普遍規律，更好的理解語言中委婉語的特殊性，本文擬從英漢委婉語的語用功能入手，對英漢委婉語的表達方法進行對比和分析。本文主要從委婉語的定義、 英漢委婉語的構成原則、英漢委婉語的構成方式、英漢委婉語的語用功能等這些方面進行詳細解釋說明，并作出合理的結論。本文的主要研究方法是文獻研究法，通過查閱文獻、書籍、報刊等，獲得與本研究課題相關的資料，從而全面地了解掌握所要研究的問題。 由于委婉語在英語中應用比較廣泛，所以了解委

2、婉語的交際功能對于我們學好英語，進行有效的跨文化交際有很大的幫助。英漢委婉語有相似之處，更有相異之處。委婉語的對比研究除了可揭示其普遍性和特殊性外,對外語教學、翻譯和其它應用語言學科也具有積極的指導意義。 關鍵詞：委婉語 語用功能 跨文化交際 對比分析abstracteuphemism is the language used in the process of a common language phenomenon. centuries ago, western scholars began to euphemism phenomenon was studied. in recent ye

3、ars, domestic and foreign research of euphemism to discuss many, has made new progress. in order to reveal the universal law of euphemism, a better understanding of the language of euphemism s particularity, this paper from the pragmatic approach to euphemism function proceed with, on the english an

4、d chinese euphemism expression methods were compared and analyzed. this paper mainly from the definition of euphemism, euphemism, euphemism composition principle of form, pragmatic function between english and chinese euphemism and the detailed explanation, and make a reasonable conclusion. the main

5、 research methods are literature research method, through consulting documents, books, newspapers, and the research of relevant information, so as to fully understand the problem of the research. euphemism in english is widely used, so understanding the communicative functions of euphemism for us to

6、 learn english, carry out effective cross-cultural communication are of great help. english and chinese euphemisms have similarities, and differences. comparative study of euphemism in addition to reveal its universality and particularity, the foreign language teaching, translation and other applied

7、 language subject also has a positive guiding significance.key words : euphemism pragmatic functions cross-cultural communication contrast analysis目 錄1 引言.12 委婉語的定義.33 英漢委婉語的構成原則.4 3.1 距離原則與相關原則.4 3.2 禮貌原則與自我保護原則.64 英漢委婉語的構成方式.7 4.1 語音手段.7 4.2 詞匯手段.8 4.3 語法手段.85 英漢委婉語的語用功能.9 5.1 避諱功能與避俗功能.9 5.2 掩飾功能

8、與褒揚功能.10 5.3 禮貌功能.10結束語.11致謝辭.12參考文獻.13contents1 introduction.12 the definition of euphemism.33 the structure principle of english and chinese euphemism.4 3.1 the principle of distance and relation.4 3.2 the principle of polite and ego protection.64 the structure mode of english and chinese euphemis

9、m.7 4.1 phonetics means.7 4.2 vocabulary means.8 4.3 grammar means.85 the pragmatic function of english and chinese euphemism.9 5.1 the function of taboo.9 5.2 the function of dissimulation and praise.10 5.3 the function of polite.10conclusion.11acknowledgements.13references.141 introductionsince pe

10、ople say certain things, in verbal communication can not completely avoid them, so they had to use circuitous persuasive ways of expression, thus creating the euphemism. the creation and usage of euphemism is a common phenomenon in language, every nation in the world s languages are a considerable p

11、roportion. centuries ago, western scholars began to euphemism phenomenon was studied. in recent years, domestic and foreign research of euphemism to discuss many, has made new progress. in recent ten years, along with the social and pragmatic linguistics and other disciplines increasingly mature, do

12、mestic and foreign scholars start from the social linguistics and pragmatics study of euphemism. but throughout the past studies on euphemism, it mainly focuses on the definition of euphemism, euphemism, history of construction principle and the evolution and so on. although many scholars have used

13、the cooperative principle and the politeness principle that inspected the euphemism, euphemism is not only follow politeness principle results, but also is the use of conversational maxims results, but in the use of euphemism in the process of peoples social psychology and communication strategies,

14、namely, the pragmatic functions of euphemism research seems to be lacking.language and linguistics dictionaryto euphemism is defined as euphemism is generally defined as substituting an inoffensive or pleasant term for a more explicit, offensive one, thereby veneering the truth by using kind words.（

15、li，1981）。euphemisms the most important feature is the use of more abstract, ready to accept either course concept or figurative, commendatory gimmick, make conversation both sides can take an indirect way to talk about what is said, but dont have to feel guilty about these things, will not feel emba

16、rrassed. euphemism is usually through indirect speech acts and achieve its euphemism purposes, but it does not equate to indirect speech act. indirect speech act is that “in indirect speech acts the speaker communicates to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually sha

17、red background information, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, together with the general powers of rationality and inference on the part of the hearer.”(searle,1979)。 it is emphasized overtones, implication. euphemism is the indirect speech act and achieve its euphemism, both to promote the harmonio

18、us relationship. euphemism can be divided into narrow sense and the generalized euphemism. narrow sense refers to the euphemism euphemism dictionary collected some discourse is not strong words and phrases, with synchronic and cultural characteristics, and social customs; generalized euphemism is re

19、fers to the people in the specific communicative use of language by means of temporary construction of euphemism.（xu，1995）。as an important rhetorical and means of expression of euphemism in english and chinese, it is used frequently in daily communication. in order to reveal the universal law of eup

20、hemism, a better understanding of the language of euphemisms particularity, this paper from the pragmatic approach to euphemism function proceed with, on the english and chinese euphemism expression methods were compared and analyzed. this paper mainly from the definition of euphemism, euphemism, eu

21、phemism composition principle of form, pragmatic function between english and chinese euphemism and the detailed explanation, and make a reasonable conclusion. euphemism in english is widely used, so understanding the communicative functions of euphemism for us to learn english, carry out effective

22、cross-cultural communication are of great help. english and chinese euphemisms have similarities, and differences. comparative study of euphemism in addition to reveal its universality and particularity, the foreign language teaching, translation and other applied language subject also has a positiv

23、e guiding significance.conclusioneuphemism is a social phenomenon of language, is the carrier of culture, its selection and use of all has its purpose, or in order to elegant fresh, or in order to avoid custom taboo, or to ease relations and so on. as li guo nan ( 2002) said: euphemism as a kind of

24、figures of speech, and that the means, which is objective. people in the use of euphemism is under the goal - intention principle by using some pragmatic strategies, which also explains why the use of grice cooperative principle can t explain it.1、major findingsthis paper presents a new view on engl

25、ish euphemism made attempt sex discuss. with the development of language and communication needs, euphemism has become the nation an essential lubricant, while the english euphemism cultural background and manifestation is not exactly the same, but the ideographic function of almost, it is the consc

26、ious use of pleasant and full of twists and turns is to replace easily so embarrassing, displeasure, vulgar and inconvenient explanation of things, its purpose is to make the language is elegant, subtle, make some unpleasant unpleasant things easier to accept the life imperceptibly in witty and funn

27、y in relaxed, happy atmosphere. therefore, to grasp and understand the euphemism in communication in the proper use of euphemism is very necessary.2、limitationsin recent years, domestic and foreign research of euphemism to discuss many, has made new progress. in recent ten years, along with the soci

28、al and pragmatic linguistics and other disciplines increasingly mature, domestic and foreign scholars start from the social linguistics and pragmatics study of euphemism. but throughout the past studies on euphemism, it mainly focuses on the definition of euphemism, euphemism, history of constructio

29、n principle and the evolution and so on. although many scholars have used the cooperative principle and the politeness principle that inspected the euphemism, euphemism is not only follow politeness principle results, but also is the use of conversational maxims results, but in the use of euphemism

30、in the process of peoples social psychology and communication strategies, namely, the pragmatic functions of euphemism research seems to be lacking.3、recommendationeuphemism in english is widely used, so understanding the communicative functions of euphemism for us to learn english, carry out effect

31、ive cross-cultural communication are of great help. english and chinese euphemisms have similarities, and differences. comparative study of euphemism in addition to reveal its universality and particularity, the foreign language teaching, translation and other applied language subject also has a pos

32、itive guiding significance.acknowledgementsthis paper is dedicated to professor feng guanghua, who presented me with many references of great value, without which i would have never finished this article. and with her help and guidance, i have learnt how to do the research work. i also extend my tha

33、nks to fei anna and other teachers for their sincere help. the paper would not have been possible without the painstaking efforts of some classmates of mine who offered me their sincere help in my completion of writing this paper. to all of these i owe a profound debt of gratitude, and to my classma

34、tes who offered me many help in the proofreading of this paper. references1、 allan, k. & k. burridge. euphemism & dysphemism: language used as shield and weaponm. oxford: oxford university press, 1991. 2、 channell, j. vague languagem. 上海：上海外語教育出版社，2000. 3、 fan min. a comparative study of euphemisms in english and chinese d. nanjing university, 2008.4、 leech, geoffrey. principles of pragmatics m. london: longman group ltd, 2007.5、 r. r. k. 哈特曼、f. c. 斯托克. 語言與語言學詞典z. 上海：辭書出版社，1981.6、 shannon, c. e. a mathematical theory of communicationj. bel