1、.初中英語語法知識點一、名詞名詞的數1、可數名詞與不可數名詞A、不可數名詞，初中階段常見的不可數名詞有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(紙) ; time(時間); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(魚肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可數或不可數). 不可數名詞應注意以下幾點：1)前無數、冠，后無復數；作主語為三單.2)表量用約數some /any ; mu

2、ch ; a lot of 或用of短語eg. There is _ bread on the table. CA. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_ on the plate. BA. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可數名詞的復數A、不規則變化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)mice B、規

3、則變化1）s; sh; ch; x 結尾加 es 讀 iz 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 結尾加 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz 3)f (fe) 結尾則變f(fe)為v加es-讀vz eg. knives naivz 4) “輔+y”結尾變y為i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 濁就濁z eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下幾點： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 單復同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , w

4、oman在詞首構成的復合名詞應將兩部分都變成復數 man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某國人”的復數：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用單數形式表示復數概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名詞所有格：名詞s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名詞所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表兩者共有則在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父親 Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親.

5、2)以s結尾的詞只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)無生命的名詞所有格用of來引導eg. the leg of the desk4)雙重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )練 習一、寫出下列詞的復數 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二

6、、選擇正確的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to kno

7、w?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James All

8、an Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast

9、.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months ho

10、lidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the r

11、oom?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse

12、D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thief

13、s二、冠詞1、不定冠詞a, an a用在輔音音素開頭的詞前 eg. a book a useful book a “u” ju:sful ju:an用于元音開頭的詞前. eg. an applean hour an “F” au ef 2、定冠詞the1)特指某人/某物 The book on the desk is mine.2)世上獨一無二的事物前 the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高級及序數詞前 The third boy is the tallest of all.(但當這些詞前已有其他限定詞，如物主代詞、所有格、指示代詞時，則不能

14、再用the) He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的復數表示 “某家人”或“某夫婦”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫婦3、不用冠詞的幾種情況：1)在星期、月份、季節前不用冠詞2)學科名詞前3)球類運動及早、中、晚三餐名詞前（但：當三餐名詞前有修飾詞時，則要加適當的冠詞. 表樂器演奏的名詞前應加the）1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.2) play the violin / piano練 習( )1.There is _ “s” in _ word “bus”.A. a

15、 ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it , I think.A. an B. a C. the D. /( )3._ bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What( )4.What color is _ orange?-Its _ orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an( )5.Mr. Li is _ old worker.A. an B. a C.

16、 some D. /( )6.Look at _ picture! Theres _ house in it.A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a ( )7.One morning he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a( )8.What _ interesting story it is!A. a B. an C. the D. /( )9.M

17、eimei is _ best student in her class.A. a B. an C. / D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the ( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes.A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )1

18、3.Dont read _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )14.Smith is _ honest man.A. a B. the C. an D. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000.A. / B. an C. the D. a ( )16.Whats _ for “椅.子”?A. English B. an English C. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.

19、A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of JapanC. Japan capital D. a capital of Ja

20、pan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a ( )23.There is_ orange tree behin

21、d_ house.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; /( )24.How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A. / B. one C. a D. an三、代詞（一）指示代詞：this , that , these , those. this , that一般與可數名詞的單數連用，而不與不可數名詞連用（但that可單獨指代不可數名詞）。that apple ( ) that meat ( )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangz

22、hou. that(二)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞 1）人稱代詞：主格、賓格（作主語為主格， 作賓語為賓格; 介+賓格）eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me.2）物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。一變(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，無名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代詞：某某自己；親自單數復數yourselfyourselvesmysel

23、fourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代詞的常見搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高興；過得愉快 2.hurt oneself 傷著自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學4.(all) by oneself （完全）獨立地5.help oneself to 請自便；隨便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顧自己7.leave one by oneself 把單獨留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代詞 1)some與any一般情況下，some用于肯定句，an

24、y用于否定句、疑問句（但表邀請、建議的問句中可用some此類句型常以could , would開頭） 2) many + 可數 = a lot of : 許多much + 不可數 （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little , a little.The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it. few.Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4) everyone / anyone 不加of no one 不加 ofnone of( )_ of us want

25、s to read the book. BA. Everyone B. Every oneC. Nobody D. No one5）other ,another , others單數復數泛指another三者以上的另一個定語主語、賓語othersomeothers特指onethe other一個另一個the others =the other+復名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One

26、is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (兩者的)相互We should learn from each other(說明we指兩個人)They help one another (說明they指三個人以上) 6) 二者與三者復數單數單數二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一個)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一個)注意：.both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主語為

27、復數，且被修飾的詞也為復數；neither , none作主語為單數，但none of + 復名，neither of + 復名( )1._ of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river. CA. both B. any C. either D. allevery one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每個作主、賓、定）every: (三者以上的)每個只作定語）._ student in the

28、 class likes English._ of the students studied hard. Every ; Each練 習( )1._office is much smaller than _.A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our( )2. “Help_ to some meat.” my uncle said to me .A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves( )3. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them ar

29、e men teachers and _ are women teachers.A. others B. the others C. another( )4.There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me ?A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any( )5.There are many trees on _ sides of the street.A. both B. all C. each( )6._ of them has a dictionary and _ one of th

30、em can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every( )7. “When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?”“I dont mind. _ time is OK.A. Either B. Every C. Neither( )8.Would you like _ cup of tea?A. other B. the other C. another( )9.The two friends were so pleased to see each oth

31、er that they forgot _.A. other everything B. anything elseC. everything else.( )10._ of his parents is a teacher.A. Both B. Neither C. None( )11.The river is very dirty. _ people go to swim in it.A. Few B. A few C. Little( )12.A friend of _ came to see _ yesterday.A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; h

32、im( )13.You cant leave your baby by _ at home.A. herself B. himself C. itself( )14. My father is very busy with his work. He has _ time to have a rest.A. little B. a little C. few( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. _ two are black.A. another B. the other C. the others( )16.Jack has _ friends here

33、. So he often feels lonely.A. a little B. a few C. few( )17.Who teaches _ French?A. we B. our C. us( )18.The boys were all tired, but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A. any B. some C. none ( )19.Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _ about the news.A. a little B. little C. few( )20.Hello, Bil

34、l! Help _ to a cake .Thanks .A. your B. yourself C. yourselves四、數詞數詞分為基數詞和序數詞。用于表示事物數目的詞稱為基數詞，表示事物順序的詞稱為序數詞。1.基數詞(1000以內的基數詞的讀法)365three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five2.基數詞變序數詞的方法： 基變序，有規律；詞尾要加th。 一二三，特殊記；詞尾分別tdd。 八去t ，九去e ；ve則以f替。 ty 則變作 ti ; 后面還有一個e。 要是遇到幾十幾；只將個位變成序。eg. onefirst tw

35、osecond threethird eighteighth nineninth twelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth twenty-one -twenty-first3.數詞的應用：A、時刻表達法：a. 整點：基數詞 + oclockeg. Its eight oclock now.b. 幾點幾分： 1直接表達法：先小時后分 eg. 3:25 three twenty-five 2.間接表達法：先分后小時1)(30分鐘)用to：(60-分鐘數) to (小時數+1) eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30分鐘 = half

36、15分鐘 = a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three 3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three. 3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表達法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日 : October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of October, nineteen forty-nine2000年: the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001年: twent

37、y o one3月1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表編號：第207房間：Room 207第五課： Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序數詞與不定冠詞(a; an)連用表“又一；再一”eg. Youve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分數的表達：分子（基數）、分母（序數）eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超過1時，分母加s2.含分數的短語作主語由分數后的詞決定謂語eg.1)One third of the

38、students are girls. 2)One third of the milk is mine.3.分數的特殊形式1)one third = a third2)one fourth = a quarter three fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些數詞的復數 + of表約數：hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of練 習( )1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousands of B. tho

39、usand ofC. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _ day of the week.A. first B. the first C. the second D. second( )3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )4.Which is the_ month? Its September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety( )5.December is _

40、of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth monthC. the twelveth months D. twelve months( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the _ floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenthC. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth( )7.I was born _, 1982.A. on June 2rd B. in June

41、2ndC. on June two D. on June 2( )8.Its _ from our home to the zoo.A. two and a half hours walkB. a half and two hours walkC. two hours and a half hours walkD. two and a half hours walk( )9.What time is it now? Its _ to six.A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto( )10.Will you be back in _ ?A.

42、one or two minutes B. one minute or twoC. two minutes or one D. two or one minute( )11.Marys uncle went to France _.A. in his thirties B. on his thirtiesC. at his thirties D. about his thirties( )12.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC. two-thousand words D. tw

43、o-thousand-word( )13._of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A. Two-third B. Second-thirdC. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds( )14.We have learned about _ these days.A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word( )15.A U

44、N report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of _ century.A. twentieth B. twentyC. the twentieth D. the twentyth五、介詞1.in; on; at用在時間詞前，表“在” 1)at + 具體時刻 2)on + 具體某天（具體某天的上、下午等；星期詞；以及上、下午詞前有修飾詞時） 3)in + 年、月、季節及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at

45、Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 20026._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8._ night 9._ this time 10. _ March另外注意：在時間詞（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday）前有last, next , this , that時，不再用介詞. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介詞。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B)

46、in(C) this evening. _2. in , on , at 表地點：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內；on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived _a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture _ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位 in(范圍內)；on(范圍外且接壤)；to(范圍外但不接壤)。可表示為下圖的位置

47、關系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China. cross: 動詞“跨過，越過”=go across4. across: （表面）跨過through: （內部）穿過，貫穿 介詞eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river? 2)The road runs _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 時間段：與將來時連用after +

48、時間段：與過去時連用但after + 時間點：可與將來時連用。 1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes. 2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tree(外加在樹上的事物) on the tree(樹上自身具有的花、果、葉等)in the wall(鑲嵌在墻內部的事物)7. on the wall(墻表面的事物) 1) There is a map _ the wall 2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / b

49、us / car / ship (單數且無冠詞)但當這些交通工具名詞前有其它修飾詞時，則應使用相應的介詞。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car on: 在（表面）上接觸9. over: 在的正上方 above: 在的斜上方 未接觸 1) The moon rose _ the hill. 2) There is a bridge _ the river. 3) There is a book _ the desk.10. between: 在（兩者）之間 among :在（三者以上）之間 1)A big c

50、rowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents. 2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.11.on與about : 關于 on用于較正式的演講、學術、書籍等 about用于非正式的談話或隨便提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方（范圍外）= before in / at the front of:在前部（范圍內）1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.類似區別：at the back of與behind13.with和in: 表示“用“ with: 指“用工具、手、口等” in: 指“用語言、話語、聲音