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1、二、冠詞冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞(the)兩種,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指 的作用。(一)不定冠詞的用法:不定冠詞a / an用在單數名詞的前面,a用在輔音開頭的詞前面,an用在元 音開頭的詞的前面。1)用于可數名詞的單數形式前,指人或事物的某一種類,以區別于其他種類,例如:a elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人強壯多了。)(不能譯為:一頭大象比一個人強壯。)she is a girl.pass me an apple, please.2)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物(非特指),例如:a boy i
2、s waiting for youwe work six days a week.there is a dog lying on the ground.3)表示 幺”這個數量,但數的概念沒有one強烈,例如:we are going to have an english lesson tomorrow.i have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.4)用于某些固定的詞組中.例如:a bit(一點),a little(一點),a few(幾個),a lot (許多),a kind of( 一種),a pair of( 一副、一雙),a number
3、of(大量的),a piece of ( 一張、一片),half an hour( 半小時),have a good time( 玩得開心),have a cold(感冒),make a noise(發出嘈雜聲),have/take a (rest 等)(休息)一會兒,等等。5) 用于 quite a(an), many a(an), half a(an), what a(an), such a(an)many a/an + 單數名詞 =many + 復數名詞many a student=many students 許多學生,但是many a/an +單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞 用單數形式.【
4、注】:用a還是an,要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.特別注意“數字”和“字母如:數字 8 eight, 18 eighteen , 80 - eighty (包括 80 多、800 多),11- eleven 字母 a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, xa a ei, e e i:, f f ef, h h eit i i ai, l l el, m m em, n n en, o o ?u, r r d,s s es, x x eksb b bi:, c c si:, d d di:, g g d ?i:, j j d ?ei k, k kei, p
5、p pi:, q q kju:, t t ti:,u u ju:, v v vi:, w w d?blju:, y y wai, z z zi:zed特別需要注意的詞: english , idea , orange , umbrella , old, art精品資料hour,university , useful, uniform ,(二)定冠詞的用法:定冠詞the用在可數名詞的單數或復數或不可數的名詞前面。1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,例如:the photo of the boythe man with a flower in his hand is jack.( 手上拿著一朵花的男人
6、是杰克)2)指雙方都知道的人或物.例如:-where are the new books, jim? - they are on the small table.look at the blackboard, lily.(莉莉,請看黑板。)3)指上文提過的人或物,例如:today he is making a machine.he wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.there is a_man under the tree. the man is called robert.(樹下有個人,那個人叫羅伯特。
7、)4)用在世界上獨一無二的事物前,例如:the sun is bigger than the moon.the earth turns around the sun.( 地球繞太陽旋轉。)5)用在序數詞或形容詞最高級前.例如:【注意】:副詞最高級前不加,序數詞前有形物代時不加the first truck is carrying a few baskets.the third one is carrying the fewest of all.who is the first one to go?(誰第一個去?)of all the stars, the sun is the nearest
8、to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近 )6)用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前,例如:the great wallthe spring festivalthe united states of america7)用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。例如:i have never been to the himalaya mountains.(我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山 )8)用在樂器前面(西洋樂器),例如:play the violin, play the guitar, play the piano9)用與形容詞和分詞前表示一類人,表復數(加復數謂語),例如:the old,
9、the young, the poor, the rich10)表示“一家人”謂語的單復數用法與family類似,例如:the greens, the zhangs11)用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞前,例如: in the east , on the shoulder12)在逢十的復數數詞之前,指世紀的每個年代,例如: in the 1990 s (二十世紀九十年代)13)用在一些習慣用語中,例如:in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left (right)at the end of / in the end( 最后)by the way(順便
10、說一下)on the way(在路上)the sameall the time( 一直)the whole time(三)不用冠詞的情況1)在專有名詞前和不可數名詞前(第一次使用)。例如:china, grade two, bill smith, milkchina is a very large country.( 中國是個大國)man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水)2)名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時,如 this, that, my, your, some, any, another 等。例 如:my pen is much more expensiv
11、e than yours.( 我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了 )the letter is in her pocket.i think the shop is closed at this time of day.3)復數名詞表示一類人或事物時(泛指)。例如:my father and mother are teachers.men are cleverer than monkeys.( 人比猴子 is 明)i like cakes.4)在星期、月份、季節、節日、三餐、球類、棋類、語言、學科的名稱前。例如:it is sunday (monday, tuesday, etc.)today is mid
12、-autumn day.it is cold in winter.he went to school after breakfast.can you play basketball?we have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我們在家吃早飯,在校吃午飯)the children play football on saturday afternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)5)在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如:uncle wang likes making things.what colour are mrs green s shoes?6
13、)與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前,例如:on footby train, by air, by bus, by bike, by plane, by ship, by coach, by sea7 )以 and 連接的連個相對的名詞并用時,例如: knife and fork, day and night, husband and wife 【注意】 : 在某些固定詞組中, 如: at home, go to school, go to bed, in bed, in hospital, in class, after class, at noon 等的名詞前不用冠詞。(1) at / to
14、/ from / out of / after / for school;(2) in / to / for / after class(3) in / to / out of / into bed(4) after / at/ from / out of / to work(5) at / from home(6) at night/noon/midnight(7) go to school/bed(8) on top of(9) in front of(10) on show/display/duty/watch(11) in / out of hospital(12) at all(13
15、) on/in time(14) at first/last/once(15) in chinese/english(16) take care of8)在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同,請注意區別:in front of 在前面in the hospital 在醫院里in the front of 在范圍內的前部in hospital (生病)住院go to bed / go to the bedgo to school / go to the school【冠詞練習】 :1. theres 800-metre-long road behind hospital.a. an,an b.
16、a, a c. an, the d. a, the【例題解析】 :1. milk is food. milk in this cup has gone bad.2. -do you like playing football?-yes. but i have only basketball.3. do you know girl on another side of lake?4. there s “u” and “s” in word “use”.5. she says animals cant s live without air, either.6. his father, who is
17、 honest man, is teaching in university.7. which is heavier, elephant or horse?8. cold wind was blowing from the north.9. he is always ready to help old and young.10. greens are traveling in south china.11. although most of us like to drink beer, those who drink most are leasthealthy.12. xiaomei saw
18、interesting film last night. film was about kinddoctor.13. you can have second try if you fail first time.14. tom went to school as usual, but he didnt know his father went to school for a parentmeeting.15. knowledge begins with practice.練習與鞏固:一、在空白處填入 a / an 或 the 。1. -mum, what shall we have for d
19、inner?-dumplings.-oh, what wonderful dinner! i enjoy it very much.2. pla ( peoples liberation army ) was founded on august 1st, 19273. kings came to us at noon.4. the scientists from united states live in ninth street.5. the doctor to him,“take medicine twice day. stay in bed and you ll be better so
20、on. ”6. september 10th is teachers day.7. mr. black arrived here on tuesday morning.8. there are four seasons in year. first season is spring. it is best one offour.9. some people have been to moon, in spaceship.10. china is old country with long history11. they are living happy life now.12. bag on
21、desk is mine.13. there is empty box on the table.14. do you like music of the film“titanic ”?15. on saturday, i stay in bed till 12:00.16. browns have been to china twice.17. don t make any noise in class.18. this is such interesting story that you must listen to it.19. next week they will go to aus
22、tralia by air.20. which is bigger, sun or moon?三、在空白處填入 a / an 或 the 。1. this morning i bought newspaper and magazine. newspaper is in my bagbut i don t know where i put magazine.2. i saw accident this morning. car crashed into tree. driver of car wasn t hurt but car was badly damaged.3. there are two cars parked outside: blue one and gr
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