1 A Brief Outline of British Literature History 1 Medieval Literature 5 A D 1485 中世中世紀(jì)紀(jì)文學(xué)文學(xué) Geoffrey Chaucer 1340 1400 2 The English Renaissance 1500 1625 文文藝藝復(fù)復(fù)興時興時期文學(xué)期文學(xué) Thomas More 1478 1535 Edmund Spenser 1552 1599 Christopher Marlowe 1564 1593 Francis Bacon 1561 1626 William Shakespeare 1564 1616 3 The Seventeenth century 17th century 17 世世紀(jì)紀(jì)文學(xué)文學(xué) John Milton 1608 1674 John Donne 1572 1631 John Bunyan 1628 1688 4 English Enlightenment and neo Classicism 17th century 18th century 英國啟蒙運(yùn)英國啟蒙運(yùn) 動動和新古典主和新古典主義義文學(xué)文學(xué) Alexander Pope 1688 1744 Jonathan Swift 1667 1745 Daniel Defoe 1660 1731 Henry Fielding 1707 1754 5 Romanticism in England 1798 1832 浪漫主浪漫主義時義時期文學(xué)期文學(xué) Robert Burns 1759 1796 William Blake 1757 1827 William Wordsworth 1770 1850 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772 1834 George Gordon Byron 1788 1824 Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792 1822 John Keats 1795 1821 6 English Realism 1830s 1918 現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)主主義時義時期文學(xué)期文學(xué) Victorian Age 1832 1901 Robert Browning 1821 1889 Alfred Tennyson 1809 1892 Jane Austen 1775 1817 The Bronte Sisters Charles Dickens 1812 1870 William Makepeace Thackeray 1811 1863 Thomas Hardy 1840 1928 Joseph Conrad 1857 1924 Oscar Wilde 1854 1900 George Bernard Shaw 1856 1950 7 Modernism 1918 1945 現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代主代主義義文學(xué)文學(xué) T S Eliot 1888 1965 William Butler Yeats 1865 1939 James Joyce 1882 1941 Virginia Woolf 1882 1941 D H Lawrence 1885 1930 1 Medieval Literature 5 A D 1485 中世中世紀(jì)紀(jì)文學(xué)文學(xué) Beowulf 貝貝奧武夫奧武夫 the national epic of the English people romance 浪漫浪漫傳傳奇奇 the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England Theme loyalty to king and lord 2 King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table 亞瑟王和他的圓桌騎士 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和綠衣騎士 Geoffrey Chaucer 1340 1400 Literary Position The father of English poetry Masterpiece The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 Old English Literary Achievements Heroic couplet 英雄雙韻體 2 The English Renaissance 1500 1625 文文藝藝復(fù)復(fù)興時興時期文學(xué)期文學(xué) The word Renaissance means revival 復(fù)活 The term originally indicates a revival of classical Greek and Roman arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism 蒙昧主義 Humanism the essence of Renaissance Edmund Spenser 1552 1599 the poets poet Masterpiece The Faerie Oueene 仙后 Thomas More 1478 1535 Masterpiece Utopia 烏托邦 Christopher Marlowe 1564 1593 most gifted of the University Wits 大學(xué)才子派 Masterpiece The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士的悲劇 Francis Bacon 1561 1626 Literary Position the founder of modern science in England one of the earliest essayist 散文家 in English language Masterpiece Essays 論說文集 Of Studies 論讀書 William Shakespeare 1564 1616 Literary Position not of an age but for all time the greatest giant of English language and poetic form one of the founders of realism in world literature one of the greatest writers in the world s literature Literary Achievements 38 plays comedies 喜喜劇劇 histories 歷歷史史劇劇 tragedies 悲 悲劇劇 tragicomedies romances 悲喜 悲喜劇劇 2 narrative poems 154 sonnets Sonnets 1 126 addressed to a young man Sonnets 127 152 addressed to Dark Lady Sonnets 153 154 addressed to Cupid the God of love in Greek mythology Plays 4 periods 1 First period 1592 1594 His apprenticeship in plays Historical plays King Henry VI 亨利六世 Richard 查理三世 Comedies Love s Labour s Lost 愛的徒勞 2 Second period 1595 1600 Mature period a marked increase in the knowledge of humanism Romeo and Juliet 羅密歐與朱麗葉 4 大喜大喜劇劇 A Midsummer Night s Dream 仲夏夜之夢 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 As You Like It 皆大歡喜 3 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 3 Third period 1601 1608 Flourishing period a period of gloomy and depression 4 大悲大悲劇劇 Hamlet 漢姆雷特 Othello 奧賽羅 King Lear 李爾王 Macbeth 麥克白 4 Fourth period 1608 1612 The period of romantic drama in the form of tragicomedies Reconciliation plays The Winter s Tale 冬天的童話 The Tempest 暴風(fēng)雨 3 The Seventeenth century 17th century 17 世世紀(jì)紀(jì)文學(xué)文學(xué) Historical background 1 The English revolution 英國革命 and the Restoration 王朝復(fù)辟 Causes the conflict between the monarch and Parliament the persecution of the Puritans 2 The bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restoration Glorious Revolution a bloodless revolution The constitutional monarchy John Milton 1608 1674 Literary Position A master of the Blank verse The greatest English revolutionary poet of the 17th century One of the greatest poets of the English language Literary Achievements Poems Paradise Lost 失失樂樂園園 1667 his masterpiece The greatest epic in English literature Paradise Regained 1671 復(fù)復(fù)樂樂園園 Samson Agonistes 1671 力士參力士參孫孫 Paradise Lost 失樂園 John Milton 1 Introduction Long epic in 12 books Written in blank verse Based on Genesis 創(chuàng)世紀(jì) in the Old Testament Dramatizes the Biblical account of humanity s banishment 2 Theme Milton s aimed purpose justify the ways of God to man 昭示天道對人的公正 Real purpose Challenge the restored monarch God tyrannical represents the king Satan rebelling against monarch Love between Adam and Eve human pursuit for happiness the spirit of Renaissance 3 Writing features Milton style Sonority 洪亮 Eloquence 雄辯 Majesty 尊嚴(yán) Grandeur 壯美 The blank verse Long and involved sentences John Donne 1572 1631 Literary Position founder of Metaphysical School 玄學(xué)派 玄學(xué)派 the greatest of the metaphysical poets Literary Achievements Songs and Sonnets 歌與十四行詩 4 The Flea 跳蚤跳蚤 Holy Sonnets 圣十四行詩 Holy Sonnet 10 Features of metaphysical poetry conceits 奇 奇喻喻 strange paradoxes 悖論 far fetched 牽強(qiáng)的 imagery John Bunyan 1628 1688 Masterpiece The Pilgrim s Progress 天路歷程天路歷程 4 English Enlightenment and neo Classicism 17th century 18th century 英國啟蒙運(yùn)英國啟蒙運(yùn)動動和新古典主和新古典主義義文學(xué)文學(xué) 1688 1798 Historical Background 1 Comparatively peaceful development under the constitutional monarchy A compromise between Tory and Whig The leading navel power in Europe 2 The Industrial Revolution 工工業(yè)業(yè)革命革命 Unprecedented technical innovations Rapid growth of industry and commerce The Enlightenment An intellectual movement in Europe began in the late 17th and 18th centuries and ended with the French revolution of 1789 18th century Age of Reason Age of Enlightenment 1 Importance a lasting heritage for the 19th and 20th century it marked a key stage in the decline of the church and the growth of modern secularism 世俗主 義 it served as the model for political and economic liberalism 2 The development of Poetry neo Classicism 新古典主新古典主義義 3 Characteristic of neo Classicism 1 Emphasizing reason rather than emotion form rather than content 2 Didactic and satirical 3 Heroic Couplet 英雄雙韻體 4 Town poetry writing for the rising bourgeoisie Alexander Pope 1688 1744 Literary Position an outstanding enlightener The greatest and the most important representative of the English classical poetry The Rise of Fiction Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift Henry Fielding Fiction The mainstream of 18th century literature shrewd care about money and good at managing courageous and intelligent to overcome all kinds of obstacles Jonathan Swift 1667 1745 Literary Position one of the greatest masters of English Prose a master satirist 諷諷刺作家 刺作家 Style of Swift s prose simple clear and vigorous His famous saying Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style influenced a lot later writers Literary Achievements Books The Battle of Books 書籍之戰(zhàn) A Tale of Tub 一個桶子的故事 Guliver s Travels 格列佛游記 his masterpiece a satire on the whole English society of the 18th century Pamphlets The Draper s Letters 一個布商的書信 A Modest Proposal 一個溫和的建議 A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents Guliver s Travels 格列佛游記 Jonathan Swift Plot Part I A Voyage to Lilliput Part II A Voyage to Brobdingnag Part III A Voyage to Laputa Balnibarbi Glubbdubdrib Luggnagg and Japan Part IV A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms Henry Fielding 1707 1754 Literary Achievements The History of Tom Jones A Founding 棄兒湯姆 瓊斯 Literary Position The founder of English realistic novel setting up the theory of realism in literary position 5 Romanticism in England 1798 1832 浪漫主浪漫主義時義時期文學(xué)期文學(xué) 6 Pre Romanticism Latter half of the 18th century Robert Burns William Blake 1 Romantic revival A strong protest against the bondage of Classicism Formalism A recognition of the claims of passion and emotion 2 Representatives Robert Burns 1759 1796 羅伯特 彭斯 William Blake 1757 1827 威廉 布萊克 Robert Burns 1759 1796 Literary position the national poet of Scotland A poet of the peasants a poet of the people Literary Achievements Poems chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 蘇格蘭方言詩集 A Red Red Rose 一一朵紅紅朵紅紅的玫瑰的玫瑰 Auld Long Syne 昔日昔日時時光光 A Man s A Man for A That 無論何時都要保持尊嚴(yán) My Heart s in the Highlands 我的心在高原 Theme Love and friendship The natural beauty of his native Scotland The life and label of the common people The patriotism of his compatriots and their struggle for liberty Features of his poetry Scottish dialect William Blake Literary Position a Pre Romantic or a forerunner 先驅(qū) of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century Literary Achievements Songs of Innocence 天真之歌天真之歌 Songs of Experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌之歌 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 Written for children express the poet s delight in life a lovely volume of poems presenting a happy and innocent world without evils and sufferings To depict the happy condition of a child before it knows anything about the pains of experience Simple without being na ve childlike without being childish innocent everything seems to be in harmony e g The Lamb 羔羊羔羊 Songs of Experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 Much mature work The atmosphere is no longer sunny but sad and gloomy Presenting a world of misery poverty disease war and repression with a melancholy tone e g The Tiger 老虎老虎 7 The Age of Romanticism 1798 1832 Political and social factors 1 The American and French revolution an upsurge of national liberation and democratic movements American revolution 1775 1783 The formation of the independent United States French revolution of 1789 Liberty equality and fraternity 2 The Industrial Revolution Intellectual Background Shift from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion General characteristic features style 1 Subjectivism 2 Spontaneity 3 Singularity 4 Simplicity everyday language spoken by the rustic people 5 A dominating note of melancholy 6 A freer verse form Romantic Poetry 1 Lake poets 湖畔派湖畔派詩詩人人 the passive or escapist romanticists Wordsworth Coleridge Southey detesting the real world escaping from the reality 2 Revolutionary poets 革命派革命派詩詩人人 Active or radical romanticists Byron Shelley Keats striving to strengthen man s will to live and raise him up against the darkness in the world Lake Poets 湖畔派湖畔派詩詩人人 William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Southey William Wordsworth 1770 1850 Literary Position Poet Laureate 桂冠詩人 1843 the best and the most famous romantic poet A great poet of nature Literary Achievements Lyrical Ballads 1798 抒情歌抒情歌謠謠集集 The Prelude 1850 序曲 Wordsworth s autobiographical poem Major works I wondered lonely as a cloud 我好似一我好似一朵朵流云獨(dú)自漫游流云獨(dú)自漫游 Lucy Poems 露西 The Solitary Reaper 孤獨(dú)的收割女 Major concern 1 Nature 2 The life of ordinary people Poetic features Simplicity and purity of his language Lyrical Ballads 1798 抒情歌謠集 William Wordsworth 1 Written by Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge 2 Marked the break with the conventional poetic tradition of 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry 3 The preface serves as the manifesto of the English romantic movements in poetry 4 The principle of poetry All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling 所有好詩都是強(qiáng)烈感情的自然流露 William Wordsworth 8 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1772 1834 Literary position Poet critic and philosopher of Romanticism Literary Achievement The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 1798 古舟子吟 Kubla Khan 1816 忽必烈汗忽必烈汗 Robert Southey 1774 1843 Revolutionary Poets 革命派 革命派詩詩人 人 George Gordon Byron Percy Bysshe Shelley John Keats George Gordon Byron 1788 1824 Life born in a noble family inherited the baronial title graduated from Cambridge University entered House of Lords strongly criticized by those conservatives and at last left England stayed in Italy and then Greece died in Greece at 36 Literary Position one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism His literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressive movements of his age Major Works Child Harold s Pilgrimage 恰爾德 哈羅德游記 One of his most readable books Don Juan 唐璜唐璜 His masterpiece Byronic Heroes The men with fiery and unbending will express the poet s own ideal of freedom The men who rise against tyranny and injustice Don Juan 唐璜 George Gordon Byron 1 Hero of the long poem Don Juan a Spanish young man born in a noble family strange adventures he has experienced Greece Turkey Russia and England 2 A panorama of the whole Europe and a strong satire Percy Bysshe Shelley 1792 1822 Literary Position The great poet of revolutionary romanticism in England The most wonderful lyric poet England has ever produced Major Works Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普羅米修斯 lyrical drama Ode to the West Wind 西西風(fēng)頌風(fēng)頌 Artistic Features Lyrics intensity Lyrics on politics Lyrics on nature Lyri