Unit 4Preview 2. Do the following exercises.1.Paraphrase the following sentences. 1.He had opened his eyes when the sun rose,scratched (because he had an itch on the skin), relieved himself like a dog at the roadsideNotice the euphemism “done his business.”The author could not have used the normal expression”used the toilet”because there was no toilet. 2.Live simply and freely.Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful 3.They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. 4.He knew very well what he lived for:it was to change peoples values, to make them know the true meaning of life 5.He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or his century2.Translate the words in bold type. 1.我們那調皮的貓把我們的新沙發套都抓破了。 2.你看問題別那么憤世嫉俗。你怎么能說我們的教育制度不但讓我們的年輕人失業，而且使他們無法就業呢？ 3.說來自相矛盾的是，他們越想幫忙，就越是妨礙了經濟的發展。 4.她正在使盡全力準備這一頓豐盛的晚餐。 5.外匯儲備太多不一定是件好事，這聽起來有點矛盾，但的確是這么回事。 6.我至今還不明白他們為什么抱怨我們政府的采購政策。你能跟我詳細說說嗎？ 7.社會習俗同樣也在變。先是量變，然后是質變。但這需要時間。3.Observe how these words are formed. 1.-ware:articles of the same general kind 2.auto-:prefix, meaning “same” or “self” 3.These are compound adjective consisting of a noun and an adjective. In these words, the nouns modify the adjectives.Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions.Into English1. scratch each others backs2. publish or perish3. make RMB convertible4. seek the truth5. discard conventions6. satirize peoples vanity and extravagance7. the island is uninhabited, and being without drinking water, is also uninhabitable.8. admire their courage/guts/bravery9. neglect ones duty10. escape/avoid the consequence11. erase/delete sth from ones memory12. take command 13. block the way/stand in the way/be in ones way14. ruin ones reputation/nameInto Chinese1. 年久失修的防御工事2. 臨時占用或建造的簡陋小棚3. 儲物缸4. 容易變質的商品5. 社會舊習6. 搖搖晃晃的酒鬼7. 隱士住的山洞8. 此刻的風云人物9. 英雄人物10. 決定未來的氣勢11. 咄咄逼人的眼光12. 對戰爭的恐慌13. 落石如雨14. 一小撮搗亂分子2.Put in the blanks appropriate propositions or adverbs.1. with,of2. with,up3. round4. with,out,of5. to,out,of,for,in6. by,for7. upon,over,to8. For,into9. in,to,to10. to,out,of,into3.Choose the right words or expressions.1. ashamed,garment2. resulted from,matter3. affairs,requires,restrain4. restrict,empty5. respected,emulating6. empty,bare,bare7. changed,hollow8. vacant,respectfully9. activities,convert10. laughing,behavior4.Replace the italicized parts with words or expressions from the text. 1.minds; lunatic 2.sick with anxiety; purchase; were highly perishable 3.call upon; realm; a large corps of; seek out 4.elaborate doctrines/creeds; developed/described/expounded 5.approached; rose in respect 6.examined/inspected; inhabited; occasionally; discarded 7.out of choice/by design; complexities and extravagances 8.gave scant; expected him to 9.possessed; unanimously elected 10.switched; with his air of destiny5.Translate the following sentences using the words listed below in their appropriate forms. 1.Only in this way can we give a reasonable account of his strange behavior. 2.She claims to possess a magic power-the power to cure diseases simply by the touch of her hand. 3.He appointed five people to handle the case.They formed a strong team. Within days they found in his possession rolls of euros, US dollars and large quantities of valuables the source of which the suspect could not account for. 4.In the story, this evil spirit often appears in the form of a pretty young lady. 5.He rolled up the painting and said that he would not part with it for less than a million dollars. 6.Of all the qualified judges, I dont know on what account she was appointed to the Supreme court. 7.I dont know enough to form an elaborate theory, but Im sure that poverty alone cannot account for the increase of the crime rate. 8.A big stone suddenly rolled down the hill, so big that it smashed the truck to pieces. 9.I said that we must roll up our sleeves and start working, but he just rolled his eyes philosophically and smiled. 10.In ancient times, our philosophers believed that a good king should be to the people as a good father is to hi children. He must never treat them cruelly on any account.6.Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words which happen to have the same spelling. 1.這事和我們沒有關系，他弄錯了抱怨的對象。（bark v.狗叫） 2.據說這種樹的樹皮含有某種對癌癥有療效的物質。（bark n. 樹皮） 3.他們計劃在哪里鉆一個深洞來處理核燃料。但是這項計劃受到了尖銳的批評。（drill v. 鉆孔； sharp adj. 尖銳的） 4.這些小學生們知道語言訓練需要大量的練習。但他們發現這很枯燥。（pupil n. 小學生；drill n. 操練 ） 5.他為那位銀行要員準備了一桌極其豐盛的酒席，希望這能幫公司得到那筆貸款。難怪他今天穿得這么精神。（elaborate adj. 豐盛的； sharp adj. 精神的） 6.這是大致的意思。以您的聰明，我想我就不用細說了。（sharp adj. 機智的； elaborate v. 詳細闡釋） 7.瞳孔在昏暗的房間里會放大，以接受更多的光線。（pupil n. 瞳孔） 8.那男子又高又瘦，兩眼目光炯炯，鼻子又高又尖。（sharp adj. 銳利的； sharp adj. 又高又尖的） 9.“別胡說八道了！”他厲聲說道。他嘴巴厲害的出名。坦白說，我們有點怕她。（sharply adv. 厲聲地； sharp adj. 厲害的） 10.那個騎車的人來個急轉彎，失去了平衡。這事發生在下午八點一刻。（sharp adj. 突然的； sharp adv. 整）Grammar1.Recognize and learn to use present participles as adverbial modifiers. 1 recognize the type of adverbial modifier in these sentences .Pattern 1: 1,4,6,10 pattern 2:3,7,8 pattern 3:2,5,9 2 rewrite the sentences using present participles . 1 They talked to her for a good hour, trying to persuade her to stay on. 2 Reading the book again , she discovered that she had missed a lot in the first reading . 3 The door opened .it was Harley ,who entered ,looking dirty and tired ,carrying a suitcase and umbrella. 4 Having taken the injured boy and his parents to hospital ,the taxi driver left quickly. 5 All those years ,she would often sit by the window and look out ,hoping to see her son returning home. 6 Galileo died on January 8, 1642,leaving the world he loved better informed than it was when he entered it. 7 Knowing it was dangerous to continue in the dark ,they decided to camp for the night where they were. 8 I should wish to die while still at work ,knowing that others will carry on what i can no longer do , and (being ) content in the thought that what was possible has been done . 2.Complete the sentence by translating the Chinese in brackets ,using either of the patterns below.Note: when ordinal，chiefly“first，”and such words as next and last are preceded by the definite article ,they are used as nouns .they are often used in these two patterns: the first /next/last+to-infinitive the first /next/last+relative clause introduced by that or who Used in this way ,they can refer to one person/thing or to more than one .the first pattern is more frequently used than the second.1. The first to participate in the Olympic games 2. The last to be promoted in the department 3. The first to arrive ,the last to leave 4. The first to send man into space,the first who set on the moon5. The next to rise the occasion 6. One of the first to apply to become self-governing 7. among the first to be considered 8. The first to win a grand slam singles champion9. The last to know what had happened between the two of them 10. The first to use nuclear weapons3. study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences. 1. This is a complex sentence Main clause :all we require is one garment to keep us warm ,and some shelter from rain and wind In the main clause :Subject: all we require(pronoun +relative clause )Link verb : is Predicative :one garment to keep us warm ,and some shelter from rain and wind (noun phrase +prepositional phrase) Subordinate clause :since nature did not dress us properly (an adverbial cla