1 初中語(yǔ)法之名詞初中語(yǔ)法之名詞 掌握要點(diǎn) 掌握要點(diǎn) 名詞的分類 專有名詞和普通名詞 名詞的數(shù) 1 區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 區(qū)分方法 2 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化 分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化 名詞所有格 含義 構(gòu)成 兩種形式 s 所有格及 of 所有格 知識(shí)點(diǎn) 知識(shí)點(diǎn) 一 名詞的分類一 名詞的分類 1 專有名詞 名字專有名詞 名字 人名 地名 書(shū)名 機(jī)構(gòu)名人名 地名 書(shū)名 機(jī)構(gòu)名 與國(guó)家有關(guān)的 與國(guó)家有關(guān)的 國(guó)家 國(guó)民 語(yǔ)言國(guó)家 國(guó)民 語(yǔ)言 日期 節(jié)日 星期 日期 節(jié)日 星期 月份 月份 例句 My name is Lucy I am a Chinese I will go to the Great Wall on Monday 2 普通名詞普通名詞 包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 個(gè)體名詞個(gè)體名詞 表示個(gè)體的人或事物 例 sister table bike window 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞集體名詞 表示一群人或一些事物 例 family police class group 物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞 表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料 例 water air wood 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 抽象名詞抽象名詞 表示狀態(tài) 品質(zhì) 行為 感情等 例 danger interest 區(qū)分方法 將物體分成兩半 如果每半不能叫原名 則為可數(shù)名詞 如果還可叫原名 則為不可數(shù)名詞 區(qū)分方法 將物體分成兩半 如果每半不能叫原名 則為可數(shù)名詞 如果還可叫原名 則為不可數(shù)名詞 注 有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化 單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化 例 glass 作玻璃杯時(shí)可數(shù) 作玻璃時(shí)不可數(shù) 身兼二職的名詞對(duì)照表身兼二職的名詞對(duì)照表 glassfish chickentime 可數(shù)玻璃杯魚(yú)類小雞次 倍 不可數(shù)玻璃魚(yú)肉雞肉時(shí)間 orange lightpaper hair 可數(shù)橘子電燈報(bào)紙 試卷 幾根 頭發(fā) 不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā) exerciseidea lifework 可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意 意見(jiàn)生命著作 不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作 turkeyradioyouthexperience 可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷 不可數(shù)火雞肉無(wú)線電年輕 青春經(jīng)驗(yàn) interest room 可數(shù)愛(ài)好房間 不可數(shù)興趣空間 二 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式二 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 1 規(guī)則變化 規(guī)則變化 2 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加 s 或或 es 1 一般情況在詞尾直接加 s 例 bags 2 以 s x sh ch 結(jié)尾的詞加 es 例 bus buses box boxes 3 以 輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的詞 y 變成 i 加 es 例 city cities 以 元音字母 y 結(jié)尾的詞 直接加 s 4 以 o 結(jié)尾的除 potato 馬鈴薯 tomato 西紅柿 hero 英雄 加 es 其余直接加 s 5 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞 多數(shù)變 f 或 fe 為 v 加 es roof proof 直接加直接加 s 例 life lives wife wives roof roofs 2 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 1 單詞拼寫(xiě)發(fā)生變化 man men woman women policeman policemen foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice child children 2 某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù) 口訣 中日不變英法變 其余中日不變英法變 其余 s 加后面加后面 例 an Englishman Englishmen an American Americans 3 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 常用分以下幾類 表示動(dòng)物的名詞deer 鹿 fish 魚(yú) sheep 綿羊 bison 野牛 crab 螃蟹 表示人的名詞Chinese 中國(guó)人 Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人 kin 親屬 craft 及由 craft 構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī) aircraft 飛機(jī) spacecraft 太空船 表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred 百 thousand 千 million 百萬(wàn) dozen 一打 score 二十 其他series 系列 species 種類 means 方法 3 不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù) 它不能與不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù) 它不能與 a an 及數(shù)次搭配使用 表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配 及數(shù)次搭配使用 表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配 例 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶 three pieces of paper 三張紙 four bottles of water 四杯水 三 名詞所有格三 名詞所有格 含義 含義 名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系 表示形式 表示形式 一種是 s 所有格 一種是 of 所有格 Beijing is China s capital Beijing is the captital of China This is Tom s bike This is the bike of Tom Lily is the key s owner Lily is the owner of the key 1 s 所有格構(gòu)成所有格構(gòu)成 單數(shù)名詞及不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 只需在詞尾加 s 如 Lucy s pen 路西的鋼筆 Children s Day 兒童節(jié) 以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 只加 如 the students books 學(xué)生們的書(shū) 2 幾個(gè)人共有的東西 只需在最后一個(gè)人的名詞后加 s 如 Lucy and Lily s bedroom 露西和莉莉的臥室 表示各自所有 則每個(gè)名詞都加 s 如 Lucy s and Lily s desks 露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子 典型例題講解 1 They got much from those new books A ideas B photos C news D stories 解析 much 是用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的 A B D 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 C 項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞 因 此選 C 3 2 I have two and three bottles of here A orange orange B oranges oranges C oranges orange D orange oranges 解析 orange 有兩種含義 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞 第二 空填不可數(shù)名詞 因此選 C 3 Every evening M r King takes a to his home A 25 minutes walk B 25 minute s walk C 25 minute walk D 25 minutes walk 解析 句中的 minute 應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式 只 而不能 s 因此選 A 4 An old wants to see you A people B person C the people D the person 解析 person 與 people 都有 人 的意思 但用法不同 一個(gè)人 用 a person 兩個(gè)人 用 two persons people 泛指 人們 是集合名詞 表示復(fù)數(shù) the people 指 人民 a people 指 一個(gè)民族 應(yīng)選 B 5 Help yourself to A chickens and apples B chickens and apple C chicken and apple D chicken and apples 解析 chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞 用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉 根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉 apple 為可數(shù)名詞 故應(yīng) s 因此選 D 6 Oh dear I forgot the two A room s number B rooms number C room numbers D rooms numbers 解析 room number 房間號(hào)碼 room 可直接用作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞 類似的還有 my phsics teacher two bus drivers 等 應(yīng)選 C 7 She has been in Tianjin for ten years Tianjin has become her second A family B house C home D room 解析 family 指的是家庭或是家庭成員 house 指的是房子 住所 room 指的是房間 而 home 指的是家 因 此選 C 8 mothers couldn t go to the meeting because they have gone to Shanghai A Mary and Peter s B Mary and Peter C Mary s and Peter D Mary s and Peter s 解析 此句中 mothers 是復(fù)數(shù) 表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親 因此應(yīng)選 D 9 Li Lei has been to many times this month A her uncle B her uncle s C her uncles D aunt s 解析 此句意為 李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次 表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí) 可省去所有格后面的名詞 因此選 B 10 He is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching A many experiences B much experience C an experience D a lot experience 解析 experience 作 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞 作 經(jīng)歷 講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞 本句中應(yīng)理解為 經(jīng) 驗(yàn) 因此是不可數(shù)名詞 排除 A C 又因 a lot of lots of plenty of 只用于肯定句 不用于否定句 因此選 B 11 A classmate of was here ten minutes ago 4 A you B your C your sister D your sister s 解析 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格 應(yīng)選 D 12 A group of are talking with two A Frenchmen Germans B Germans Frenchmans C Frenchmans Germen D Germen Frenchmen 解析 Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞 其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Frenchmen German 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾 S 應(yīng)選 A 13 The team having a meeting A is B are C am D be 解析 team 是一個(gè)集合名詞 即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義 指整個(gè)小組 也可指小組中的成員 表示復(fù)數(shù) 此題意為 后者 因此選 B 14 Would you like please A drink Three coffees B a cup of drink Coffees C a drink A coffee D a drink Three cups of coffees 解析 drink 和 coffee 是不可數(shù)名詞 可以用 of 來(lái)表示數(shù)量 eg three cups of coffee 當(dāng)前面加 a 時(shí) 則表示 一杯 因此選 C 15 The Great Wall was made not only by but also the flesh and blood of men A earth and stone millions of B earths and stones millions C the earth and stone million of D the earths and stones millions 解析 earth 是不可數(shù)名詞 因此刪除 B D 數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的應(yīng)為 millions of 因此選 A 名詞練習(xí)題名詞練習(xí)題 1 This is reading room A the teacher s B teacher s C teacher s D the teachers 2 Nothing was found but broken A the room window B the room s window C the room of the window D the window of room 3 How many would you like A paper B bread C pieces of papers D pieces of bread 4 He was praised for his A brave B bravery C bravely D great brave 5 Please get me a new when you go to town A clothes B dress C clothing D trousers 6 There are 34 doctors in the hospital A woman B women C woman s D women s 7 Some are even thinner than your little finger A bamboo B bamboos C kinds of bamboo D kinds of bamboos 8 He was born in this town and now he lives in A Building second B Building Two C the Building Two D Building the Second 9 Old as he is he has to do every day A a lot of work B much works C lots of homeworks D quite a lot of homeworks 10 Jack s room is furnished with A new furnitures B many new furnitures 5 C many new pieces of furnitures D many new pieces of furniture 11 Have you read newspaper yet A today s B Today s C the today s D your today s 12 It s not far only walk from here to our school A a ten minutes B ten minutes C a ten minutes D ten minutes 13 Last month he wrote me letter A a 1000 word B 1000 words C a 1000 words D 1000 words 14 He had a sleep yesterday A a good night B a good night C a good night s D good night s 15 is not a long way to drive A Three miles distance B Three mile distance C Three miles distance D A three mile distance 16 His isn t fit for the work Please get me A something else B somebody else C someone else s D somebody s else 17 Do you know how large is A population of China B Chinese population C China population D China s population 18 is too much for the boy to carry A The box weight B The box s weight C The weight of the box D The box of the weight 19 Excuse me how can I get to the nearest shop A shoes B shoe C shoes D shoe s 20 What weather we re having these days A nice B a nice C a bad D worse 21 They say that the meeting will be A of very important B great importance C of great importance D great important 22 I m going to call at this evening A Mr Black B the Blacks C Mr Black s D Blacks 23 What Darwin said was an attack on people s religious A belief B beliefs C beliefs D believs 24 There are some waiting for you outside A German B American 6 C grown up D Japanese 25 Their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk A machine B machines C a machine D the machine 26 There re many in my brother s album A leafs B toys C books D stamps 27 Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of A tomatoes B potatos C vegetable D meats 28 Upon hearing what I said his rose A anger B angry C angrily D angriness 29 Excuse me can you change this for me A five pound note B five pounds note C five pound notes D five pounds notes 30 You have to make for your journey A preparing B preparation C a preparation D preparations 31 While washing up she broke a A glass wine B wine glass C glass of wine D wine of glass 32 You have worked out the plan and now we must