section word power & grammar and usage根據提示寫出下列單詞1_adj. 極度的；極端的2_n. 骨骼，骨頭3_n. 皮革4_adj. 歷史的；與歷史研究相關的5_vi. 抱怨6_adj. 木制的【答案】1.plain6.wooden根據提示補全下列短語1put _ 公布，發布；撲滅2take._ an example 以為例3_ good condition 狀況良好4come _ 達到，進入(某狀態)；合計，總計 5be divided _ 被分成6pay attention _ 注意【答案】1.o6.to根據提示補全下列教材原句1this means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as_they_are_often_very_old.這就意味著這些東西不得不被仔細地分析和研究，因為它們通常是很古老的。2his devotion to the study of loulan has made_him_a_famous_expert in this field.他專心地研究樓蘭，這使他成了該領域的知名專家。3what_about all the people living in the world who have no food to eat and no place to live?世上所有活著的人沒有食物可吃、沒有地方住會怎么樣？ put out 公布，發布；出版；撲滅(教材p46)on the world heritage list put out by unesco, altogether there are about 900 world heritage sites, which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations. 在聯合國教科文組織公布的世界遺產目錄中，一共有大約900處世界遺產遺址，這些遺址被認為對人類文明有著非凡的價值。寫出下列句子中的 put out 的漢語意思the government will put out a new statement tomorrow.公布，發布this magazine is put out every friday.出版they quickly put out the fire.撲滅put down 放下，記下put off 推遲put on 穿上，戴上；演出put up 舉起；建立；張貼；短期住宿put up with 忍受(朗文辭典) the match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather.由于天氣不好，比賽推遲到明天。(牛津詞典)im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能容忍他們抽煙了。 take.as an example 以為例(教材p46)take the ancient roman city pompeii as an example.以古羅馬龐貝城為例。for example 例如set an example to/for sb. 為某人樹立榜樣follow/copy ones example 效仿某人(朗文辭典) parents should set an example for their children.父母應該為孩子樹立榜樣。(2015重慶高考完形填空b) for_example,_the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time.例如，一上飛機就調整你的生物鐘來適應目的地的時間。【導學號：28820025】 complain vi.抱怨(教材p49)one complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.一個學生抱怨說房間不干凈而且也不是很舒適。(1)complain (to sb.) about/of (向某人)抱怨complain that. 抱怨(2)complaint n. 抱怨；訴苦make a complaint about/of/against. 抱怨，投訴she is always complaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫抱怨她牙痛。(2015北京高考完形填空)one of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano.一位鄰居留言抱怨他們的鋼琴聲。 in good condition 狀況良好(教材p51)most of them were in good condition.它們當中的大部分保存完好。(1)in poor/bad condition 狀況不好on no condition 絕不on condition that. 條件是(2)condition n. u狀況；c條件；常復數環境(3)living/working conditions 生活/工作條件he cant go for an outing, since he is in poor condition.他不能外出游玩，因為他身體狀況差。(朗文辭典) on no condition should untrained personnel use the equipment.未經訓練的人員絕對不可使用這一設備。名師點津(1)condition 指人或物的狀況，而 conditions 指人或物所處的條件或者是周圍的環境。(2)on no condition 位于句首時句子用部分倒裝。 come to達到，進入(某狀態)；合計，總共；(某人)意識到；蘇醒(教材p51)what has the world come to when the past matters more than the present? 當過去的事情比現在的事情還重要時，這個世界會變成什么樣呢？寫出下列句子中 come to 的漢語意思when she came to herself, she couldnt recognize where she was for a moment.蘇醒the bill of our dinner came to four hundred yuan.合計，總共ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.達到(1)come to oneself 恢復知覺，蘇醒when it comes to. 當談及時(2)come across (偶然)遇見；被理解come up 被提出；破土而出come up with 提出；想出come out 出現，顯現，出版come to life 活躍起來(2015安徽高考閱讀理解d)in fact，when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.事實上，當涉及戰爭的藝術，螞蟻無出其右。(2015重慶高考閱讀理解d)as the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of africa comes_to_life.隨著太陽光線穿過馬群踏出的塵埃，浪漫的非洲草原活躍起來。.語境填詞1you managed to help me out in the _weather so i felt _sorry to have troubled you.(extreme)2a number of _ about the service of the restaurant are received and many people are still _.(complain)3the old man made full use of _from the _nearby the village to make a _sofa.(wood)4a number of people consider that the _novel is very important in recent _. (history)5we have not come up with a better way of _their dilemma, so we think the best _may be for them to separate.(solve)【導學號：28820026】【答案】1.extreme；plaints；complaining3.wood；woods ；wooden 4historical；history5.solving；solution.選詞填空in good condition, put out, take part in, come to, pay attention to, be divided into, go through1the fire was _soon.2please _what i am saying.3the bill _10,000 dollars.4i dont care about the price, as long as the car is _.5though she _ a lot, she still was amazingly cheerful.【答案】1.put out 2.pay attention to3.came to 4in good condition5.went through (教材p47)this means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as they are often very old.這就意味著這些東西不得不被仔細地分析和研究，因為它們通常是很古老的。【要點提煉】該從句中as引導原因狀語從句，表示已知的、比較明顯的原因，意為“由于，因為”，用作連詞。as作從屬連詞，可以引導以下狀語從句：(1)引導原因狀語從句，表示“因為，由于”，一般放在句首，語言較弱，較口語化。(2)引導時間狀語從句，表示“隨著；當時候”，從句的動作與主句的動作同時進行或2交替進行。(3)引導方式狀語從句，表示“如；像；按照的方式”。(4)引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，盡管”，此時要將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到主語之前，使句子部分倒裝。如果表語是單數詞，應省略冠詞。as_economy_develops_rapidly,_chinas position on the international stage is getting more and more important.隨著經濟迅速發展，中國在國際舞臺上的地位變得愈來愈重要了。(牛津詞典)try as_he_might,_he couldnt open the door.他想盡了辦法也沒能打開門。 (教材p48)his devotion to the study of loulan has made_him_a_famous_expert in this field.他專心地研究樓蘭，這使他成了該領域的知名專家?！疽c提煉】句中made him a famous expert 為“make復合賓語”結構，名詞短語 a famous expert 作賓語補足語。“make賓語賓語補足語”結構中， make為使役動詞，常見的幾種形式有：(1)make名詞/代詞名詞。表示“使某人/某物成為”，若賓語補足語是表示獨一無二的職位或頭銜的名詞時，其前不用冠詞。(2)make名詞/代詞形容詞。表示“使某人/某物變得”。(3)make名詞/代詞動詞原形。此時若變為被動語態，要改為帶 to 的不定式。(4)make名詞/代詞過去分詞。構成過去分詞的動詞與前面的名詞/代詞之間為被動關系，且表示該動作已完成。該結構中不用現在分詞作賓語補足語。(5)當賓語是不定式或從句時，多用 it 作形式賓語，把真正的賓語后置，即 makeit賓語補足語真正的賓語。his actions made him universally respected.他的行為使他廣受尊敬。the loud music filled the room and made_them_feel_very_bored.嘈雜的音樂充滿了整個房間，使他們感到非常煩惱。the heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我們無法出去。完成句子1由于我沒有看過這部影片，所以我不能告訴你關于這部電影的看法。_， i cant tell you what i think of it.2表揚能使好人更好，壞人更壞。praise _ and bad men worse.3盡管年輕，他懂得很多。_ he is, he knows a lot.【導學號：28820027】【答案】1.as i havent seen the film2.makes good men better3.young as賓語補足語、either.or.和 neither .nor .的用法以及主謂一致閱讀下列句子并體會黑體部分的用法1we called her the loulan beauty.2the extreme heat almost drove me crazy.3i saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.4one of the great archaeological discoveries over the last few years is the area of loulan.5we found the ruins most interesting.一、賓語補足語英語中句子的賓語需要進一步補充說明時，其后常接補充成分，稱為賓語補足語?？梢猿洚斮e語補足語的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語等。1名詞作賓語補足語能以名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：name，call，appoint，find，consider，choose，elect，think，leave，keep等。they named their child john.他們給孩子取名為約翰。we made her monitor of our class.我們選她做班長。名師點津表示頭銜或職務的名詞作賓語補足語時，名詞前不加冠詞。2形容詞作賓語補足語形容詞作賓語補足語，主要用于表示賓語所處的狀態或某一動作的結果，可以接形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：make，prove，leave，find，think，consider，keep 等。she was determined to prove everyone wrong.她決心證明大家都是錯的。3副詞作賓語補足語某些副詞可用于動詞或介詞 with和without 后作賓語補足語，作賓語補足語的副詞多用于表示動作或動作的方向等。可以充當賓語補足語的副詞有：out，upstairs，in，over，on，outside，indoors等。the woman walked along the river up and down with her head down.那位女士低著頭，沿著河岸踱來踱去。4分詞(短語)作賓語補足語分詞(短語)作賓語補足語通常用于感官動詞、使役動詞或介詞 with，without 等之后。作賓語補足語的現在分詞(短語)一般表示主動與進行，即賓語是分詞(短語)所表示的動作的執行者，且該動作正在進行；作賓語補足語的過去分詞(短語)通常表示被動與完成，即賓語是過去分詞(短語)所表示的動作的承受者，且該動作已完成。i am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long a time.不好意思讓您久等了。she saw the thief caught by policemen.她看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。5動詞不定式(短語)作賓語補足語動詞不定式(短語)作賓語補足語通常表示具體的動作。(1)動詞不定式(短語)作賓補用于let，make，have等使役動詞(get除外)之后，此時動詞不定式(短語)所表示的動作通常發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，且不定式符號to需去掉。the teacher doesnt make his students do homework at school.那位老師不讓他的學生在學校做家庭作業。(2)動詞不定式(短語)作賓補用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官動詞后，此時不定式(短語)所表示的動作通常已經完成，且不定式符號to需去掉。i heard someone knock at the door three times.我聽見有人敲了三次門。動詞不定式(短語)作賓補用于動詞help后時，不定式符號to可省去也可不省。名師點津分詞(短語)與不定式(短語)作賓語補足語的區別：現在分詞(短語)作賓語補足語時，賓語在邏輯上是分詞(短語)所表示的動作的執行者；過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語時，賓語在邏輯上是分詞(短語)所表示的動作的承受者；不定式作賓語補足語，賓語也往往是不定式的邏輯主語，該不定式與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，一般為待發生的動作。i heard a girl singing upstairs.我聽見一個女孩正在樓上唱歌。(表示一個正在進行的主動動作)i heard the song sung.我聽見有人唱過這首歌。(表示一個完成的被動動作)i heard a girl sing upstairs.我聽到一個女孩在樓上唱歌。(表示一個完整的動作)6介詞短語作賓語補足語介詞短語作賓語補足語時，可用于表示狀態、職位、身份、地位等。she found the machine in good condition.她發現那臺機器狀況良好。a conceited man always thinks himself above others.自負者總認為自己高人一等。7介詞with可以跟復合賓語，這一結構通常在句中作狀語或定語。它的常見構成：(1) with賓語介詞短語with some papers in his hand，the teacher came out of the classroom.手里拿著試卷，老師走出了教室。(2) with賓語現在分詞in parts of asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.在亞洲的有些地區，你不準坐著把腳對準別人。(3)with賓語過去分詞the murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(4)with賓語不定式with the matter to be settled，we held a meeting.因為要解決這個問題，我們召開了一個會議。(5)with賓語形容詞he usually sleeps with the windows open even in winter.即使在冬天，他也常常開著窗戶睡覺。(6)with賓語副詞the classroom with the lights on is our computer room.亮著燈的教室是我們的機房。(7) with賓語名詞the prc was founded in 1949，with beijing its capital.中華人民共和國成立于1949年，首都是北京。二、either .or .和neither .nor .的用法1either .or .意為“或者或者”；“不是就是”。表示兩者之一，連接句子中兩個并列的成分。when the girl is happy，she either sings or dances.那個女孩高興時，不是唱就是跳。either you are mad, or i am (mad)要么是你瘋了，要么是我瘋了。2neither .nor .表示“既不也不”。其含義是否定的，可連接句中的兩個并列的成分。it is neither hot nor cold in winter here.這里冬天既不熱也不冷。neither could theory do without practice，nor could practice do without theory.理論離不開實踐，實踐也離不開理論。名師點津either.or.或neither.nor.連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞應與最近的一個主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就是我們通常說的“就近原則”。either you or he has lunch at school.要么是你要么是他在學校吃午飯。三、主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須與主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。1語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致(1)以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。his father is working on the farm.他父親正在農場工作。to study english well is not easy.學好英語不容易。reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太陽底下看書對你的眼睛有害。what he said is very important for us all.他所說的對我們都很重要。名師點津(1)由what，who引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。what i say is helpful to you.我說的對你是有益的。what i bought were three english books.我買的是三本英語書。(2)兩個不定式結構或動名詞短語作主語時，如果是兩個概念，用復數形式；如果是一個問題的兩個方面，用單數形式。going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空閑時間去購物和體育館鍛煉。where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪兒和什么時間開運動會還沒有決定。early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡對我們的健康有好處。(2)由連接詞and或both.and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用謂語動詞的復數形式。lucy and lily are twins.露西和莉莉是雙胞胎。both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.聽到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃驚。名師點津若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。the writer and artist has come.那位作家兼藝術家已經到了。(3)由no.and no., each.and each., every.and every.，many a.and many a., one and a half. 等構成復合主語時，謂語動詞用單數。every boy and every girl has the right to get education.每一個男孩和女孩都有權利接受教育。(4)主語后面帶有as well as，rather than，like，but，except，besides，with，together with，along with，including，in addition to，as much as，more than等詞連接的名詞，根據語法一致的原則，謂語動詞根據這些詞前的主語來確定動詞的形式。the professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.當時教授和他的很多學生正在實驗室做實驗。(5)either，neither，each，every或no單數名詞和由some，any，no，every構成的復合不定代詞，都看作單數。each of us has a new book.我們每人都有一本新書。everything around us is matter.我們周圍的每件事都是麻煩。(6)如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，謂語動詞用單數；如果指集體中的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這類詞有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，public，board，class，team，group，company，crew，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等。class four is on the third floor.四班在三樓。class four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班學生在選班長的事情上沒能達成一致。名師點津people，police，cattle，youth等名詞一般都用作復數。the police are looking for the lost child.警察正在尋找丟失的孩子。2邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數，但意義為復數；有時形式為復數，但意義為單數)(1)what，who，which，any，more，all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。all is going well.一切順利。all have gone to beijing.所有的人都去了北京。(2)時間、距離、金錢作主語時的主謂一致表示時間、距離、度量、重量、金錢等的復數名詞作主語，被看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數；若強調個體也可以用復數。twenty years is a long time.二十年是很長時間。two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行兩千米是一段很長的路程。(3)若主語是以復數形式結尾的書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。the arabian nights is an interesting story book.一千零一夜是一本有趣的故事書。(4)表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式，也可用復數。one and a half apples is(are)left on the table.桌子上剩下一個半蘋果。(5)算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。twelve plus eight is twenty.十二加八是二十。fiftysix divided by eight is seven.五十六被八除是七。(6)一些學科名詞是以ics結尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news等，都屬于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。i think physics isnt easy to study.我認為物理不好學。(7)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞則用單數。my glasses are broken.我的眼鏡壞了。the pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那雙鞋子是他的。(8)“定冠詞the形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，謂語動詞用復數；表