被動語態 1 Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes 2 Englishisspokenbymanypeople 4 Lucky52iswatchedonTVbymanypeople 3 Theticketsaboutheroesaresoldout 5 RiceisplantedinSouthChina 6 Heissaidagoodboy 語態 表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關系 英語有兩種語態 即主動語態和被動語態 主動語態 表示主語是動作的執行者 被動語態 表示主語是動作的承受者 如 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主動語態 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被動語態 語態 助動詞be有人稱 數的變化 其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時一樣 如 Thedeskismadeofwood Thedesksaremadeofwood Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher 被動語態的結構 助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞 不同的時態有不同的被動語態結構 1 一般現在時的被動語態結構 bymanystudents 主動語態變被動語態的方法 1 ManystudentsstudyEnglish English isstudied 2 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 主動語態變被動語態的方法 1 把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語 2 把主動語態的謂語變為被動語態的謂語 3 把主動語態的主語變為被動語態的by短語 by短語可以省 by短語后跟代詞的賓格 bytheteacher 3 Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions He isasked questions 1 找賓語 即動作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判斷賓語的單復數 即be動詞的單復數 aremade 3 判斷動詞的時態 即be動詞的時態 4 修改謂語的形式 即原句動詞改為過去分詞 5 修改原句的主語 即by 賓語 原主語 bythem 主變被解題步驟 主變賓 賓變主 謂動bedone時不變 人稱 數 格隨著變 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing Practice 肯定句 主語 be 過去分詞 by 否定句 主語 benot 過去分詞 by 一般疑問句 Be 主語 過去分詞 by 特殊疑問句 疑問詞 be 主語 過去分詞 by bymanystudents English isstudied bymanystudents English isnotstudied 句式 IsEnglishstudiedbymanystudents WhoisEnglishstudiedby ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing FootballisplayedbythemonSunday Practice 1 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般過去時的被動語態結構 was were 過去分詞 lastyear 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Manytrees wereplanted Tencomputers werebought Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem 3 一般將來時的被動語態結構 willbe 過去分詞 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays Thework willbefinished 2 Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情態動詞的被動語態結構 can may must should be 過去分詞 1 AmycantakegoodcareofGina byAmy Gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 Youshoulddrinkmorewater Morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem 5 現在進行時的被動語態的結構 is am are being 過去分詞 1 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow Therooms arebeingpainted 2 HeiswatchingTV TV isbeingwatched byhim 6 現在完成時的被動語態的結構 have has been 過去分詞 1 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys byus Twentymorekeys havebeenmade 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus 表格 被動態基本結構 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall will begoingtobedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbeendone Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 這些書是為兒童寫的 Ihaven tbeentoldaboutit 沒有人告訴我這件事 被動語態的用法 1 不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰 It s wassaid believed reported that It sreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake 據報道 這次地震中大約有三百人死亡 2 強調動作的承受者 這時應用by短語 ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid 3 作客觀說明時 常采用一種被動語態句型 如 1 Hegavemeabook Iwasgivenabookbyhim 以I做主語 AbookwasgiventomebyTom 以物book作主語 2 HeteachesusEnglish WearetaughtEnglishbyhim 以人當主語 Englishistaughttousbyhim 以物作主語 被動語態的幾種類型 1 帶雙賓語句子的被動語態 指物的賓語叫直接賓語 指人的賓語叫間接賓語 常見的接雙賓語的動詞有 to pass give teach show bring handfor make buy draw sing get 以 人 當主語時 變法和一般的變法一樣 以 物 當主語時 在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或for keep make三類的動詞常常有賓語補足語 在被動語態中 賓語補足語位置不變 Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge 主謂賓賓補 Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding 2 含有賓語補足語的句子的被動語態 不及物動詞沒有賓語 因此沒有被動語態 但有的不及物動詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構成短語動詞之后 其作用相當于及物動詞 可以接賓語 因而也可以變為被動語態 在變成被動語態時 不能去掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞 Theytakegoodcareofmychild Mychildistakengoodcareof Iturnedofftheradio Theradiowasturnedoff byme 3 含有短語的主動語態變被動語態 下列這些短語本身即是被動語態的形式 不需再加 bybecoveredwith 用 覆蓋著beinterestedin 對 感興趣besurprisedat 對 感到驚奇bemadeof from 用 制造的 動詞短語的被動語態takecareof betakencareofcutdown becutdownlaughat belaughedatlookafter belookedafter 即feel hear listen have make let look watch see notice 這些詞在主動句中 其后的動詞不定式不加to 但變被動句時必須加to 1 IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday He wasseen toplaybasketballlastSunday 2 Weheardthemsingintheclassroom They washeard tosingintheclassroom 4 感官動詞和使役動詞的被動語態 1 當主動結構中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞時 不能改為被動語態 Weoftenhelpeachother 我們常?；ハ鄮椭?2 當謂語是表狀態的及物動詞時 如have like takeplace belongto 如 Iliketheseflowers 我喜歡這些花 Iwillhaveameeting 不說Ameetingwillbehad 應說Ameetingwillbeheld 5 不能用于被動語態的幾種情況 把下列句子變成被動語態 Acarknockedhimdownyesterday 2 Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam 3 WhenIgotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree Afallentreewasbeingcutup whenIgotthere Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo Practice 4 We llputontheplaynextSunday 5 Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool 6 Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear 填空 完成被動語態填空 1 Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改為被動語態 Theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek 同上 Anewpen Tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby Practice 3 AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow 同上 English byalotofpeopleinChinanow 4 IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears 同上 English forabouttwoyears 5 Theywillpublishthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 Thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willbepublished 6 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 濟南市中考題 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 變主動語態7 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青島市中考題 8 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考題 Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 中考題 1 Insomecountries tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD served2 Greatchanges inmyhometownsince1980 A havebeentakenplaceB tookplaceC havetakenplaceD weretakenplace 3 Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto inthreeyears A turnoutB beturnedoutC hasturnedoutD havebeenturnedout4 Thewomanmurderedherfriendand to A wassentenced deathB sentencing dieC sentenced deathD sentenced die 被動語態專項練習 選擇填空 5 Doyouliketheskirt It soft A isfeelingB feltC feelsD isfelt6 Areyoustillhere Youwerehereanhourago Who for A areyouwaitingB didyouwaitC wereyouwaitingD doyouwait 7 toknowProfessorZhang A HesaidB IsaidC HeissaidD Itsays8 Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow Sorry already A ittookB ittakesC itistakingD ithasbeentaken 9 Theletter threedaysagoandit yesterday A hadpost hadarrivedB wasposted arrivedC posted arrivedD hadbeenposted wasarrived10 Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination nextThursday A isgivenB willbegivenC wouldhavegivenD wouldbegiven 11 Water intoice A willchangedB mustbechangedC shouldchangeD canbechanged12 Plays twiceamonthinthattheatre A putonB areputonC wasputonD oftenputon 13 Thebirds flyawaylastSaturday A lettoB islettoC wasletD wereletto14 Astrangesound yesterdayevening A washeardB hearsC heardD isheard15 Abeautifulbike himbyhisclassmates A senttoB willsenttoC wassenttoD willbesentfor 16 MissChen just tospeakatthemeeting A has beenaskedB hasbeen askedC Havebeen askedD have beenasked17 Meat outinthisshop Wecan now A havebeensold getnothingB hasbeensold getnothingC hasbeensold getsomeD havebeen