2018學年度人教版選修7unit 3period1warming up and reading 教案教材分析和教材重組教材分析本單元的中心話題為海底世界。聽說讀寫活動主要圍繞海底植物、海底奇妙景觀以及有關大海神話故事展開的。1. warming up 部分以海底生物（包括動物和植物）為話題，主要討論三個方面的問題：學生所見過的海底生物；在何處見過這些海底生物；學生最喜歡的海底生物。該部分提供了短語和圖片啟發學生思考討論。在有條件的學校，教師還可以給學生播放一些有關海底生物的電影或錄像。2. pre-reading 部分設計了一個讀圖題，圖片內容為：killer whales are attacking a baleen whale with whalers waiting by in their boat，harpoon at the ready. 由此引入閱讀文章的相關背景知識：1. 作者:名叫clancy的老人(an old man, called clancy); 2. 職業:捕鯨人(a whaler); 3. 文體: 逸事(anecdotes); 4. 概要: 虎鯨(killer whale)在每年的遷徙過程中幫助捕鯨人捕捉須鯨(baleen whale); 5. 地點; 澳大利亞(australia); 6. 時間: 20世紀初(at he beginning of the 20th century)。3. reading 是一篇以第一人稱口吻講述了一個名叫old tom的虎鯨的故事。故事分兩部分：第一個故事講述old tom是捕鯨人的好幫手；第二個故事講述old tom是遇難者的救星。故事發生在20世紀初，海上捕鯨和捕鯊沒有像現在這樣受到限制。學生閱讀此文可以了解人類如何利用鯨捕殺鯨的殘酷事實，同時可以從文中學到許多描述事物和情景的生動手法。4. comprehending 共有3個練習，第一個是兩人小組活動，就課文內容進行討論，重點檢測學生對課文深層次的理解；第二個是小組活動，討論以課文為基礎，可以進行適當的拓展，通過討論讓學生進一步明確：動物是人類的朋友。第三個還是小組活動，讓學生討論是否應該關閉捕鯨站并保護鯨。5. learning about language部分首先是詞匯訓練，通過填空的形式，鞏固和運用課文中出現的生詞和短語；然后是語法訓練，通過用所給詞的適當形式填空，復習動詞-ing形式的被動式的用法。6. using language分為四部分，綜合訓練聽說讀寫的能力。第一部分是閱讀與討論。閱讀材料以“嶄新的生活空間”（a new dimension of life）為題，用日記的形式記述了作者在海底所見到的奇妙景色。閱讀之后設置了四個練習。第一個練習要求學生弄清楚本文描寫的順序；第二個練習要求列入潛泳的刺激和危險；第三個練習操練名詞短語，要求學生注意其中形容詞的用法；第四個練習要求學生對第三題中形容詞進行分類并且掌握做定語的形容詞的先后位置關系。第二部分是討論與寫作。通過回顧a new dimension of life的描寫片段，給出表達作者情緒的方式。然后要求學生仿照日記的三、四段寫一篇描寫某個地方和當地動植物的短文。第三部分是讀、議、聽，以聽力訓練為主。在聽之前，首先讓學生閱讀一個觀看鯨魚的廣告并討論三個問題。接著，讓學生聽游客與導游之間的三段對話并判斷游客的態度。接下來，讓學生再聽一遍完成表格，填寫游客的期望與實際情況。然后重點落在有關抱怨的表達方式上，要求學生完成對話中的有關句子。最后讓學生朗讀對話，注意重音和語調。第四部分是說與寫。主要操練本單元的日常交際用語。要求學生根據所給的情景，用變革中的短語和句式編寫對話。教材重組1. 將warming up，pre-reading，reading與comprehending整合在一起上一節“閱讀課”。2. 將learning about language和workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一節“語言學習課”。3. 將using language設計為一節包括聽說讀寫在內的“綜合技能課（一）”。4. 將workbook的reading and listening和talking結合在一起上一節“聽說課”。5. 將workbook的listening task，reading and writing task和speaking task設計為一節“綜合技能課（二）”。課時分配1st period reading2nd period language study3rd period integrating skills()4th period listening and speaking5th period integrating skills() part 1: teaching design第一部分：教學設計period 1: a sample lesson plan for reading(old tom the killer whale)aimsto help students develop their reading abilityto help students learn about animals and plants under the seaproceduresi. warming up talking about ocean plants and ocean animalshello, class. this week we shall go to the sea to learn about ocean plants and animals.about ocean plantsthere are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water. the most abundant plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton. these are usually single-celled, minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean.about ocean animalsocean animals are divided into three groups: zooplankton, nekton, and benthos. zooplankton are drifting animals and are usually small, however, they can grow to fairly large size. for example, the jellyfish and the portuguese man-of-war are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel themselves effectively and are therefore at the mercy of either wind or current. nekton is the free swimmer and probably the largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean belonging to this class. common fishes, the octopus, whales, eels and squid are all examples of nekton. the third type of sea animal spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom. this group of marine animals is called the benthos. it includes lobsters, starfish, various worms, snails, oysters and many more. jokes & riddlesteacher: do you know why you have such poor grades? student: i cant think. teacher: exactly!ii. pre-readingwhat is an anecdote? why do we pay special attention to some experiences and tell about them? are they true or false? can they be trusted? why do we selectively ignore other experiences? these are questions of vital importance for people who consider it important to really learn what is fact and truth. lets start with a definition: anecdote: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident.the very fact that we tell anecdotes is that we find them interesting and often personal. they are unusual, and are often what we have personally experienced or heard about. we wouldnt notice them or bother telling them if they were the norm, rather than the exception. we use them as reinforcements to shore up our arguments. we use them when we lack proof, iow, for lack of anything better. we also notice them because they may reaffirm some cherished idea we have: man prefers to believe what he prefers to be true. - francis baconwe also use them because they give things a personal touch. they are part of us. cold facts don抰 touch hearts. but cold facts will continue to exist, whether we believe in them or not. they are not changed by what we believe about them.iii. reading1. reading aloud to the recordingcomprehensionunderstanding what you are readingis important. to read in thought groups is an easy, yet effective, way of improving reading comprehension. now turn to page 20 and read aloud to the recording of the text old tom the killer whale. pay attention to the thought groups in the sentences while listening and reading aloud. 2. reading for forms read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. 3. copying and making sentencesyou are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. you may make your own sentences with each of these expressions.expressions from old tom the killer whalebegin work開始工作, at the whaling station在捕鯨站, hear of聽說, catch the huge whales抓巨鯨, at the time在那時, witnesswith my own eyes親眼所見, sort out整理；分類, run down to跑向；追捕, in time to do及時做, throw out of the water使失去（離開）水, call out大聲叫；召集, out there在那邊, yell out大聲喊叫，a whale hunt捕鯨, come on趕快；來到, ahead of在之前, keep waiting讓等, have the right clothes on穿上合適的衣服, race after追趕, jump into the boat跳進船里, head out into 朝去，look down into朝里看, swim by the boat在船旁邊游泳, show the way為引路, beat the water with the oar用漿拍打水面, circle back to轉回到來, lead to引向, in the distance在遠處, draw closer接近, be attacked by被襲擊, a pack of about six other killers一堆大約六條虎鯨, work as a team團隊合作, on top of 在頂部, stopfrom阻止做, flee out to sea逃逸出海, point to指向, the most extraordinary thing最特別的事情, race betweenand和間的賽跑, a pack of excited dogs一群興奮的狗, aim at把瞄向, let go松開, be badly wounded嚴重受傷, within a moment or two在一時片刻, be dragged by down into被拽入, the depths of the sea海底深處, turn around旋轉，轉向, go home回家, bring in引進, float up to the surface漂浮到水面, in the meantime與此同時，在此期間, have a good feed on美美地享用, attack people襲擊人, in fact實際上, be washed off從被沖走, handle the boat掌舵, far away from遠離, be terrified of害怕, be abandoned by被遺棄, get back to把帶回, be held up in the water被托出水面4. understanding difficult sentencesin groups of four, analyze the structure of any of the difficult sentences. if you have any problems which are too difficult for you to solve do not hesitate to put them to me.5. reading and transferringin pairs, read the text, find information to complete the following form. whenwherewhowhaton the afternoon, in june 1902at the whaling stationi , a 16-year-old boywitnessing killers helping the whalers catch the huge whalesiv. closing down by putting the text on stageto end this period lets try to put the text story into a play. old tom the killer whaleman 1: hello, boy. how old are you? boy: i am 16.man1: would you like to work at the whaling station?boy: yes, i like to. i have heard of the killers that every year help the whalers catch the huge whales. man 1: that is not a story. you may witness it with your own eyes.man 2: come to the whaling station tomorrow afternoon.boy: ok. i have to sort out my accommodation first.(the next afternoon)boy: why? there is a huge noise coming from the bay. man 1: lets run down to the shore. we may be in time to see an enormous animal called old tom, the killer.boy: yes. i see it throwing itself out of the water. now it is crashing down again. man 2: it is black and white and fish-shaped. i know it isnt a fish.man 1: thats old tom, the killer.additional materialscomplete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.old tom the killer whalei had heard of the killers before i began work at the whaling station. here is a story i 1_ it with my own eyes. one afternoon, i heard a huge 2_ coming from the bay. we ran down to the 3_ in time to see old tom, the killer telling us theres a whale out there.one of the whalers yelled out, “rush-oorush-oo”. this was the call that 4_ there was about to be a whale hunt.george ran 5_ of me and i grabbed my boots and raced 6_ him.we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and 7_ out into the bay. i looked down into the water and could see old tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. george sometimes 8_ the water with his oar and there was tom, circling back to the boat, 9_ us to the hunt gain.as we 10_ closer, i could see a whale being 11_ by a pack of about six other killers. they were working as a team some were throwing themselves on top of the whales blow-hole to stop it 12_. and those others are stopping it 13_ out to sea. a man in the bow of the boat 14_ it at the whale. he let it 15_. being badly 16_, the whale soon died. 17_ a moment or two, its body was dragged by the killers down into the 18_ of the sea and had a good 19_ on its lips and tongue. we started turning the boat around to go home. the next day, we returned to bring in the body because it wouldnt 20_ up to the surface for around 24 hours.(key：1. witnessed 2. noise 3. shore 4. announced 5. ahead 6. after 7. headed 8. beat 9. leading 10. drew 11. attacked 12. breathing 13. fleeing 14. aimed 15. go 16. wounded 17. within 18. depths 19. feed 20. float)comprehension questions1. how did the killers help the whalers catch the whale? the wrong one is_.a. old tom reported the news to the whalers. b. some stopped it fleeing out to sea. c. some used the harpoon to hit the whale. d. some killers threw themselves on top of the whale to stop it breathing.2. which order is correct according to the passage?a. clancy heard a huge noise coming from the bay. b. clancy grabbed his boots and raced after george to the boat.c. the killers started racing between our boats and the whale.d. the man in the bow of the boat aimed the harpoon at the whale.a. abcd b. acbd c. bdac d. dbca3. what happened to the whale after it was killed?a. it sank under the sea at once. b. it was eaten up by killer whales. c. it floated up to the surface in about 24 hours. d. whalers pulled it out of the water as quickly as they can.4. which of the following statements is true?a. killer whales are whalers friends. b. killer whales often hunt cooperatively in groups for food.c. killer whales like eating the lips and tongues of whales.d. theres no danger in the sea because killer whales can protect human beings.(key：1.c 2. a 3. c 4. d)notes to some difficult sentences1. i witnessed it with my own eyes many times. (reading)witness目擊；表明，是的證明; witness to 為作證(to為介詞):she witnessed to seeing that man take the money.witness也可作名詞，相當于eyewitness: the police found the witness to the murder case. he was a witness to the accident.知識鏈接:be a witness to證明,是的證據; bear witness to/of為作證明，證明; call to witness請作證; give witness on behalf of替作證; in witness of作為的證據; with a witness確實，無疑地2. george said as he ran ahead of me. (reading)ahead of1) in advance of: the time in london is five hours ahead of the time in new york.2) be a more successful position than: our company is well ahead of its main rivals（對手）.3) higher in price, value，etc. than: their pay offer was well ahead of inflation（通貨膨脹）.4) get ahead of超越: by working hard he got ahead of the rest of the class.3. we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. (reading)head此處作動詞，表示“朝某方向走”。head（to the）south朝南走；head straight for home徑直朝家走。4as we drew closer, i could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (reading)draw close =come near = draw near臨近；靠近: as the date for the final exams is drawing closer， my parents urge me to study more every day.5. i told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! (reading)scared：full of fear；frightened驚慌的；嚇壞了的；害怕的1) be scared of/about: i am scared of snakes.2) be scared to do sth. : i am scared to fly in a plane. 我很怕坐飛機(旅行)。3) be scared that: i am scared that it might crash.我很怕飛機會墜毀。4) be scared stiff/silly/（half）to death/out of ones wits 被嚇壞；被嚇得要死；被嚇得魂不附體，另有：sentence sb. to death判處某人死刑; drink oneself to death醉死過去; frighten sb. to death把某人嚇壞my friend said he was scared to death. 注：下列四者都有“害怕”之意，其程度從弱到強排列為：afraid scared frightened terrified 6my heart was beating wildly i felt very exposed in such deep clear water. (reading and discussing)beat在此表示有規律地上下動。心臟跳動是有規律的，所以beat常來修飾心跳: her heart was beating with joy.7. he let it go and the harpoon lit the spot. (reading)let sth/ sb go放手，松手: dont let go the rope. let me go!let it go at that:不再/停止談論某事i dont agree with all you say but well let it go at that.8. the water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor. (reading and discussing)where引導地點狀語從句時，一般修飾句中的動詞或動詞短語，說明動作發生的地點。其意思相當于at the place where。where引導地點狀語從句時，一般修飾句中的動詞或動詞短語，說明動作發生的地點。其意思相當于at the place where。if you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the romans do.9the fish didnt seem to mind me swimming among them. (reading and discussing)mind me swimming among them是動名詞的復合結構。me可以換成my，即my swimming among them。do you mind me/ my smoking here?10. george started beating the water with his oar and there was tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. (reading)lead to意思是“通向”,其中 to為介詞。lead sb. to do意思是“使干”或“引導做某事”: all roads lead to rome. what led you to believe him?11and those others are stopping it fleeing out to sea. (reading)flee-fled-fled：to escape by hurrying away esp. because one is afraid （尤指因害怕）逃走，逃遁: the people fled in panic when the bull got loose. 那只公牛掙開了束縛，嚇得人們倉皇而逃。they were forced to flee the country（=go abroad for safety）.他們被迫逃往國外。一句多譯：他從那個國家逃走了。he fled from that country. ( flee有“害怕”之意。)he flew（from）that country. ( fly強調跑得速度快，像飛一樣。)he escaped from that country. (escape強調結果，即“跑掉”。)he ran away from that country. (run away含有“不辭而別” 之意。)12. the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whales blow-hole to stop it breathing. (reading)“keeppreventstop sb（sth）from doing（being done）”句型意義為“阻止某人（某事）（被）做”。keep后的from不可以省略，而prevent，stop后的 from可以省略，但變為被動語態時須加上from。例如： i was prevented by illness from taking the exam我因病未能參加考試。（from不能省略）相似句型區別：protectfrom“防止做”。例如：in summer wearing a pair of dark glasses can protect our eyes from being hurt by the sun 夏季戴上一幅墨鏡能防止太陽照射。 freefrom“免于”。例如：i freed him from debts我使他擺脫了債務。 【高考鏈接】多功能的wherewhere在英語中可以引導多種從句，是一個具有多重功能的引導詞。where作為連接副詞有三個方面的意義：1）在地方2）有地方3）到地方。例如： where there is a will，there is a way有志者，事竟成。 he left his key where he could find他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。 i will go where i want to go我要去我想去的地方。現將where引導的從句進行歸納，以使大家準確、全面地掌握其用法： 1) 引導名詞性從句where可以表示地點概念，還可以表示場合、形勢、情況等概念。如： where the meeting will be held is not known yet. (主語從句) i dont know where i am mistaken. (賓語從句) you are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where i disagree. (表語從句) the question where he has gone puzzles us. (同位語從句)2) 引導定語從句where本身在從句中作地點狀語，前面可以用表地點的名詞作先行詞，也可以用有地點含義的抽象名詞作先行詞。如： i work in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. there are cases where the word mighty is used as an adverb.one of the most important rules of joyful living is that judging others takes a great deal of energy and pulls you away from where you want to be.3) 引導地點狀語從句where引導地點狀語從句時，一般修飾句中的動詞或動詞短語，說明動作發生的地點。其意思相當于at the place where。如： after the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. you should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 注意：有時，當where引導地點狀語從句具有抽象意義表示條件時，一般放在主句之前。where there is a will, there is a way.where the money is, there is the power.where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. 4) where用作關系副詞,有時可有引申的用法能夠這樣用的常見詞有：system, point, situation, state, case, job 等，這樣的詞后面跟定語從句時，通常具有引申意義，且定語從句引導詞用where。there is system where you can phone and tell us the numbers and youll get the book.gradually we came to the point where we have different opinions.he is now in a difficult situation where he is likely to lose his job.they set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep negroes as slaves.i dont care much for pay. i just want to get a job where i can be greatly valued.【高考鏈接】1. if you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the romans do. (2006天津)a. in which b. what c. when d. where2. if a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.（2005上海）athat bwhich cwhen d where3. i walked in our