2018學年度人教版選修8period3learningaboutlanguage unit3inventorsandinventions discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions example n adj convenienceconvenient independenceindependent ingroupsmakewordpairswiththesamesuffix addmoreofyourown cubic basic fanciful merciful stainless careless cautious poisonous expectation relaxation production reduction identification satisfaction strengthen lengthen freeze disappoint 2replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsthathavethesamemeaning rewritethesentencewhennecessary 1 thegreengroceratthecornerisprobablytheeasiestandnearesttoreach 2 ifyouwanttoapplyforacreditcard youmustprovideofficiallyacceptableidentification mostconvenient valid 3 youneedtoapproachthatanimalwithgreatcareasitmaybite 4 sheacceptseverythingduringmeetingsanddoesnotcontributetodiscussionsatall 5 ifoundhisphonenumberinthedirectoryandtriedtotelephonehimlastnight buttherewasnoreply laterifoundidialedthewrongnumber caution ispassive call ringhimup 6 idon tthinkofmyhometownverymuch onlysometimes 7 luckilytherainfallstoppedsuddenlybeforeileft 8 inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttorecognizewhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty nowandthen abruptly distinguish 3completethepassageusingthecorrectformofthewordsorphrasebelow fileabruptlyvalidproductseizeperfumecriterionsetabout whenifirstappliedforapatentiwasverypuzzledbythe ihadproducedanewtypeoflily iwasamazedwhenmyapplicationwas refused thepatentofficerdealingwithmy explainedtomethatanewplantvarietyisnota inventionasitisaresultofadjustinggrowthscientifically criteria abruptly file valid however shesuggestedthatishouldproducea frommynewlily withherencouragement idecidedto theopportunitytomakearealinvention soi mystudiesondevelopingmy forwhichihopeiwillsucceedinapplyingforapatent setabout seize perfume product grammar 動詞 ed形式作定語動詞 ed形式作表語動詞 ed形式作賓語補足語 過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊 漸漸地成為一個復合詞 這種分詞叫分詞形容詞 theparticipleadjective 實際上相當于一個單純的形容詞 除表示 完成 的動作之外 還表示 被動 的意義 如 一 動詞 ed形式作定語 spokenenglish英語口語icedbeer冰凍啤酒cookedfood熟食friedchips炸土豆條 但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示 完成 的動作 而不表示 被動 意義 如 boiledwater 開水 fallenleaves 落葉 therisensun 升起的太陽 等 thetallmanisareturnedstudent 高個子的那個人是個歸國留學生 myparentsarebothretiredteachers 我的父母都是退休教師 1 前置定語 單個的動詞 ed形式 一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面 作前置定語 theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding 激動的人們沖進大樓 thepeoplewhowereexcited losttimecanneverbefoundagain 虛度的時光 無法挽回 timewhichislost e g thebooksleftareformystudents 2 后置定語 少數單個動詞的 ed形式 如left等 只能作后置定語 剩下的書是給我的學生的 動詞 ed形式短語作定語時 通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面 在意思上相當于一個定語從句 isthereanythingplannedfortonight thathasbeenplannedfortonight 今晚有什么活動嗎 themeeting attendedbyalotofpeople wasasuccess 這次會議有很多人出席 開得很成功 whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople 高考鏈接 mostoftheartists tothepartywerefromsouthafrica met90 a invitedb toinvitec beinginvitedd hadbeeninvited2 thefirsttextbooks forteachingenglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury nmet94 a havingwrittenb tobewrittenc beingwrittend written a d 3 theolympicgames in776bc didn tincludewomenplayersuntil1912 a firstplayingb tobefirstplayedc firstplayedd tobefirstplaying4 pricesofdailyfoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores 2002年全國春 a areboughtb boughtc beenboughtd buying c b 5 mr smith ofthespeech startedtoreada novel 2003北京春 a tired boringb tiring boredc tired boredd tiring boring a helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter 看完信后 他顯得很憂慮 whenweheardofit weweredeeplymoved 當我們聽到這件事時 被深深地感動了 heseemedquitedelightedattheidea 聽到這個想法 他似乎很高興 二 動詞 ed形式作表語 過去分詞作表語并無 完成 或 被動 之意 而是表示主語的狀態或思想感情等 如 iwasverypleasedatthenews 聽了這消息我很高興 hegrewmuchtiredofthework 他十分厭倦這工作 heseemedquitedelightedattheidea 聽了這想法他似乎很高興 作表語的 ed形式可被much very quite等所修飾 cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour nmet98 a payb payingc paidd topay2 aswejoinedthebigcrowdigot frommyfriends nemt2001 a separatedb sparedc lostd missed 高考鏈接 c c 3 thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain astheplanewasmakingalanding 2004上海 a seatb seatingc seatedd tobeseating c 三 動詞 ed形式作賓語補足語 能用作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞 表示被動意義或已完成意義 有時候兩者兼而有之 作賓語補足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系 即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象 shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback 她回來時發現有人破門而人 mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt 我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子 動詞 ed形式作賓語補足語的基本用法動詞的 ed形式可以在 主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 句型中充當賓語補足語 在這一結構中 動詞 ed形式和它前面的賓語構成邏輯上的被動關系 如果這種句子改為被動語態 原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語 peoplefoundthegirlbeatenblackandblue 人們發現這個女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊 賓語補足語 thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue 主語補足語 1 動詞 ed形式可作表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞的賓語補足語 這類動詞包括see hear watch notice feel find think suppose consider等 wethoughtthegamelost 我們認為球賽輸了 ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers 我從未聽過有人說他的壞話 shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind 她覺得心里輕松了些 theyconsideredthemattersettled 他們認為這問題解決了 ihavemyhaircutonceamonth 我每個月理一次發 hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood 他正努力使別人聽懂自己 sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface 她用雙手按著臉 2 動詞 ed形式可作使役動詞的賓語補足語 這類動詞包括make get have keep leave hold等 shehadherhouserepaired 她請人把屋子修好了 wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut 你在哪兒理的發 have 賓語 done 結構有三個含義 請人 把某事做完 hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了 shehadherwalletstolenyesterday 昨天她的錢包被偷了 遭遇某種意外情況 ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected 我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了 hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear 他今年已存了1000元 完成某事 自己也可能參與 3 動詞 ed形式可作表示希望 要求 命令等動詞的賓語補足語 這類動詞包括like want wish expect order等 hewon tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting 他不喜歡在會議上討論這樣的問題 thestudentswishthetvserialplayscontinued 學生們希望電視連續劇繼續播下去 4 過去分詞用在 with 賓語 賓補 這一結構中 過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系 thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback 小偷被帶進來了 雙手被反綁在后面 youcanmakeyourself inenglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage a understandb understandingc tounderstandd understood2 thereisaholeinyourbag iknow i mgoingtohaveit a mendb mendingc mendedd tobemended practice d c 3 howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers a tosolving makingb tosolving madec tosolve makingd tosolve made b 4 englishisalanguage allaroundtheworldandisthe languageofmostinternationalorganizations a tospeak workingb spoken workingc speaking workedd spoken worked b 5 hefoundamagazine withtheowner sname onthedeskwiththebackcover off a marking lying tornb marked lying tornc marked laid tearingd marking laying tearing a 1 canthose atthebackoftheclassroomhearme 2009福建卷 a seatb sitc seatedd sat2 thetrees inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad 2009湖南卷 a beingblowndownb blowndownc blowingdownd toblowdown 高考鏈接 2009 c b 3 tolearnenglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearenglish asmuchaswecan 2009江蘇卷 a speak b speakingc spokend tospeak4 wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime 2009江西卷 a allowingb toallowc allowedd allows c c 5 itisoneofthefunniestthings ontheinternetsofarthisyear 2009浙江卷 a findingb beingfoundc tofindd found d answerkeyforexercise2onpage24 weneedanothercopyofthe agreement heseemed bythefailureofhispatent shetriedtomakeherself whilegivinghertalk iwas toseeourteam byaweakerteam mymotherappeared withthelanternsshehadmade signed disappointed understood embarrassed beaten pleased answerkeyforexercise3onpage24 ifyouwanttobeaninventor youmusthaveaplan tosolveaparticularproblem thisisnotaseasyasitsounds manyideas afterweeksofresearch maynotprovesuccessful manyunsuccessfulapproachesare andonlythemostcreativeandsuccessfulonesare designed developed