定語從句知識點匯總一、先行詞2、 關系詞1. 關系代詞：2. 關系副詞：3、 分類1. 限制性定語從句：對先行詞有限制，區(qū)分的作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關系，不能省略2. 非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明的作用，可省略不會影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號隔開3. 區(qū)別：限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系密切，刪除后會影響整個句子意思的表達不用逗號分開可用關系代詞that關系代詞可省略（that,which,who在從句中作賓語可以省略）關系代詞可以替代，whom作賓語時可用who或that替代讀時不停頓只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可修飾句子4. 非限制性定語從句的特殊情況4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定語從句，其含義不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5. 關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句4、 關系詞的用法1.which,thatwhich指物，在從句中作主語，賓語that指人或物，指人可與who，whom互換；指物可與which互換2.who,whom從句中的介詞提到關系代詞詞前，whom作賓語，不能用who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行詞為指人的one,ones,anyone或those時，關系代詞用who；雙重定語從句中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個指人的關系代詞用who。3. whose表示“的”?？芍溉嘶蛭铩Ｓ脕碇肝飼r，whose+名詞=限定詞+名詞+of which=of which+限定詞+名詞The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4. as作為關系代詞可指人或物，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。一般用于such.as 、the same.as 、as.as結構中，表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.4.1the same.as/that.和such.as/thatthe same.as/that.as引導的定語從句往往側重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.that引導的定語從句側重指同一個對象：I met the same person that I saw that day.such.as/thatas引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，賓語等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that引導結果狀語從句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.4.2 as和which的區(qū)別都可以用來引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換as引導的從句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后當非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是復合賓語結構時，用which來引導He criticized Mary in public,which she doesnt like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.先行詞作主語且定語從句為被動語態(tài)時，通常用as不用which；如果從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，通常用which不用asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might be expectedas is often the case在從句中作介詞賓語時，只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case Ill tell you.5. 只用that不用which5.1 當先行詞是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。5.2當先行詞被the only,the last,the very等修飾時。5.3當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。5.4當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。5.5當先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。5.6當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。5.7當先行詞是主句的表語，或關系代詞在從句中作表語時：Jack is not the man that he was.5.8當主句以here,there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時。6. 只用which不用that6.1關系代詞前有介詞。6.2在非限制性定語從句中。6.3先行詞本身是that,those（指物）或雙重定語從句中其中一個已用關系代詞that時。6.4先行詞后有插入語時。Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7. 只用who不用that7.1先行詞為表示人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one時。7.2先行詞為those且指人時。7.3在指人的非限制性定語從句中。8.which/that/what連接詞what可以看作關系代詞和先行詞的結合，即what=the person/place/thing which/that。表示“所.的?！眞hat 不引導定語從句，而是引導名詞性從句。what引導句子，沒有先行詞，起名詞作用。What引導賓語從句可以和that引導的定語從句互換。Tell me anything (that) you know.=Tell me what you know.9. 介詞+關系代詞既能夠引導限制性，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。指物用which，指人用whom。介詞不可省略，如果要省略，必須將介詞放在從句句末。9.1介詞的確定根據(jù)定語從句中動詞，形容詞所需要的習慣搭配來確定。根據(jù)先行詞搭配的具體含義來確定。根據(jù)所表達的意思來確定。9.2介詞+關系代詞結構的變式介詞+關系代詞+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm)Franks dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to produce many beautiful flowers)名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關系代詞He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldnt understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10. 關系副詞：作時間狀語：when=at/in/on/during which作地點狀語：where=in/at/to/on which作原因狀語：why=for which10.1 辨析The reason why./The reason that./The reason is that.The reason why.中why引導的是定語從句，why在句子中作原因狀語，可以替換成for which。The reason that.中that引導的是同位語從句，that不作成分，that后面的內(nèi)容說明reason的內(nèi)容。The reason is that.是that引導的表語從句，不能用because,以免重復。5、 其他1. 主謂一致：從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。在“(the) one of + 復數(shù)名詞”結構中，定語從句中的謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。但是在the one of +復數(shù)形式或the only one of +復數(shù)名詞結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2. 關系詞的省略與不可省略：2.1關系代詞在定語從句中作動詞的賓語，表語時可以省略2.2關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞在從句句尾時2.3非限制性定從中的關系代詞不可省略2.4介詞+關系代詞中的關系代詞不可省略2.5表示時間的名詞后關系副詞可以省略，如the time,the moment2.6表示地點名詞后關系副詞可以省略，如the place2.7先行詞the reason后面的關系副詞可以省略2.8先行詞為way（方法，手段）時，關系副詞可以省略3. 如何判斷定語從句和同位語從句3.1根據(jù)that在從句中是否作成分來判斷：that在定語從句中擔任成分，在同位語從句中不做成分。The news(that)he told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.3.2根據(jù)意思來判斷：在引導詞前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。The news is (that) he told me yesterday.句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立4. 定語從句轉變?yōu)閕ng和ed形式4.1直接轉化為ing或ed形式,，去掉定語從句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy (who is ) playing the piano is from London.I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou.4.2將句子中的動詞進行ing形式轉化The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.My grandfather,who hasnt been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.小草急急忙忙的返青依舊；細雨迷迷濛濛的飄灑依舊。盈盈月下來，照亮你的山歌依舊；燦燦星升起，白楊樹綠影婆娑依舊。好風似水，不驚你安眠依舊；鳥兒呢噥，愛的春天依舊?？晌?，望盡了我的花季，望盡了長長的一路落英繽紛呵！岑凱倫的綿綿春雨依舊，戴望舒的深深雨巷依舊！漂泊的船，尋找一個溫馨港口；孤寂的心，渴望一聲溫暖問候。是你在我最落寞的時候，把親切放在我左右；是你在我最失意的時候，把慰藉放在我心頭。紅酥手，黃藤酒；春如舊，人空瘦。蝴蝶雙飛影