建筑史中英文對照 建史名詞中英文對照：中國古代建筑及構造 宮palace,temple殿hall廳hall又稱“堂” 室room房house亭pavilion臺platform壇altar樓storied building 閣pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion軒windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house闕que, watchtower牌樓pailou, decorated gateway華表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof廡殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramidal roof園攢尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式構架post and lintel construction穿斗式構架column and tie construction井干式構架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column內槽柱hypostyle column唐代術語內柱hypostyle column宋代術語山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋術語瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代術語雷公柱suspended column帳桿suspended column宋代術語側腳cejiao宋代術語卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代術語角背bracket由戧inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代術語柁墩wooden pier駝峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代術語梁beam袱beam宋代術語月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代術語四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代術語六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代術語九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代術語單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代術語抱頭梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檁purlin (used without dougong)小式摶purlin宋代術語脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檁ridged purl in小式脊摶ridged purlin宋代術語金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檁intermediate purlin小式上中平摶intermediate purlin宋代術語老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術語正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檁eave purlin小式下平摶eave purlin宋代術語額枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式闌額architrave宋代術語由額墊板cushion board 大式檐墊板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口構造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口構造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飛檐椽flying rafter飛子flying rafter宋代術語連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile edging宋代術語舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin宋代術語步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block櫨斗cap block宋代術語拱gong,bracketarm翹 flower arm, petal華拱flower arm宋代術語昂ang,lever槽升子center block齊心斗center block宋代術語三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代術語正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代術語瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代術語萬拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代術語廂拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代術語單材拱outer-side bracket arm撐頭small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代術語耍頭nose攢set of bracket柱頭科bracket set on columns柱頭鋪作bracket set on columns宋代術語平身科bracket sets between columns補間鋪作bracket sets between columns宋代術語角科bracket set on corner轉角鋪作bracket set on corner宋代術語出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代術語cai跳tiao宋代術語雀替sparrow brace搏縫板gable eave board搏縫版gable eave board宋代術語木裝修joiners work外檐裝修exterior finish work內檐裝修interior finish work框檻door frame檻stud抱框jamb on door or window格柵partition door抹頭window stool欞子grill裙板panel檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window門枕door bearing門簪decorative cylinder門跋door knocker門釘decorative nails on door leaf門枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龕niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partition wall隔斷墻vertical partition wall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over疊澀corbel, hanging over宋代術語角柱石corner pier階條石rectangular stone slab壓闌石rectangular stone slab宋代術語臺階steps踏道steps宋代術語踏垛step踏step宋代術語斗板石intermediate pier垂帶drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代術語象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyma, recta下裊lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao鉤欄balustrade宋代術語單鉤欄single frieze balustrade宋代術語垂臺鉤欄double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital欄版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏 plinth stone 尋杖 handrail 宋代術語柱頂石 capital stone 柱礎 column base 躓 zhi 碑碣 stone tablet 赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前術語趺 fu, stone turtle 清代術語 石像生 stone animal 石人 stone human statue 筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile 青瓦 black tile 脊瓦 ridge tile 琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile 勾頭 eave tile 滴水 drip tile 瓦當 tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻 zhengwen 鴟尾 chiwei 宋及宋前術語 正脊 main ridge 垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戧脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being 走獸 animal 磚雕 brick carving 彩畫 colored pattern, colored drawing 蘇式彩畫 Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩畫 tangent circle pattern 和璽彩畫 dragons pattern 天花彩畫 ceiling pattern 箍頭 end portion of painted beam 藻頭 intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心 central portion of painted beam 點金 gold pointing 退暈 color change 瀝粉 embossed painting 貼金 gold foil painting 建史名詞中英文對照：外國古代建筑及構造金字塔 pyramid 方尖碑 obelisk 牌門樓 pylon 蓮花式柱 lotus column 紙草花式柱 papyrus column 棕櫚葉式柱 palm column 塔廟 ziggurat 列柱圍廊式 peristyle 山花 pediment 多立克柱式 Doric order 伊奧尼亞柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“愛奧尼亞柱式”。 科林斯柱式 Corinthian order 檐口 cornice 檐部 entablature 檐壁 frieze 額枋 architrave 柱頭 capital 柱身 column shaft 槽溝 flute 圓底線腳 torus 柱基 plinth 臺基 stylobate 輸水道 aqueduct 萬神廟 pantheon 凱旋門 triumphal arch 角斗場 colosseum 廣場 forum 托斯卡柱式 Tuscan order 門廊 potch,portico 小穹頂 cupola 平嵌線 reglet 主穹頂 main dome 半穹頂 semi dome 帆拱 pendentive 會堂 basilica 中廳 central nave 側廊 aisle 半圓形壁龕 apse 袖廊 transept 柱廊 colonnade 神壇altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔樓turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖頂pinnacle滴水獸gargoyle頂端飾finial花色窗欞tracery四葉飾quatrefoil五葉飾cinquefoil府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum 采光塔lantern小側窗bulleye window 渦卷裝飾cartouche宣禮塔minaret圣龕mihrab,prayer niche講壇mimbar,pulpit 拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱stellar vault網狀拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault鐘乳拱stalactite vault券式arch type半圓券 semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch 蔥花券ogee arch馬蹄券horseshoe arch交角券squinch穹式dome type半球形穹頂semespherical dome蔥花穹頂ogee dome方穹頂square dome 阿拉伯花飾arabeque阿拉伯式柱頭Arabian capital建史名詞中英文對照：園林史中國古典園林classical Chinese garden中國傳統園林traditional Chinese garden中國古代園林ancient Chinese garden 中國山水園Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宮苑imperial palace garden皇家園林royal garden 私家園林private garden江南園林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典園林western classical garden 英國式園林English style garden中英混合式園林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式園林Italian style garden西班牙式園林Spainish style garden法蘭西式園林French style garden勒諾特爾式園林Le Notres style garden文藝復興莊園Renaissance style garden 洛可可式園林Rococo style garden 巴洛克式園林Baroque style garden莊園manor,villa garden廊柱園peristyle garden,patio綠廊xystus迷陣maze,labyrinth靈囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代術語靈沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代術語靈臺Ling Tai Platform Garden周代術語阿房宮E-Pang Palace秦代術語上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan漢代術語未央宮Wei-Yang Palace漢代術語洛陽宮Luoyang Palace魏代術語華清宮Hua-Qing Palace唐代術語艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden宋代術語圓明園Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden頤和園Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山莊Chengde Imperial Summer Resort蘇州園林Suzhou traditional garden懸園Hanging Garden又稱“懸空園”，“架高園”。英國皇家植物園Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden又稱“邱園”。凡爾賽宮苑Versailles Palace Park楓丹白露宮園Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view,scenery,feature遠景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view又稱“抑景”。借景borrowed scenery,view borrowing對景oppositive scenery,view in opposite place 縮景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夾景vista line,vista又稱“風景線”前景front view背景background景序order of s