專題二 名詞1.【2014屆陜西西安鐵一中國(guó)際合作學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期11月模擬】Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power _.A. lack B. absence C. failure D. drop1【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：如今，很少有人以防能源短缺，養(yǎng)成保存油燈供應(yīng)的習(xí)慣。lack缺少；absence缺席；failure失敗；drop落下。故C正確。2.【2014屆浙江省湖州中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試】At the school sports meeting, many students are full of _, but Im always exhausted.Youd better take more exercise.A. strength B. force C. energy D. power2. 【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：許多學(xué)生精力充沛，而我總是精疲力竭。strength力氣，主要指“肌肉力量以及物體的承重力或抗拉力”。force: 指“能量的應(yīng)用”即釋放的能量及其沖擊力。energy指“活力”。power指可供使用的能量，如意志力、影響力、控制力。full of energy（充滿活力）與后文exhausted（精疲力竭的）相對(duì)。故選C項(xiàng)。3【2014屆黑龍江省齊齊哈爾實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence3.【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：老師們要不斷地更新自己的知識(shí)以保持他們能夠勝任工作的能力。consequence 結(jié)果；independence獨(dú)立；competence 資格；能力；勝任，稱職；intelligence 智力，根據(jù)句意選C項(xiàng)。4.【2014屆浙江省五校高三第一次聯(lián)考】When you talk about a persons _, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.A. origin B. nationality C. generation D. relation4【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你們?cè)谡務(wù)撘粋€(gè)人的出身的時(shí)候，你們是在談?wù)撍母改赣H或者祖先的國(guó)家，種族或者社會(huì)地位。origin起源，根源；出身；nationality國(guó)籍；generation一代人；relation關(guān)系，聯(lián)系；教育。根據(jù)第二句中的the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors可知是對(duì)名詞origin的內(nèi)容的解釋。故選A項(xiàng)。5.【2014屆甘肅省部分普通高中高三目標(biāo)診斷】This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle5.【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：這家餐館越來(lái)越出名是由于它做的各種各樣的食物適應(yīng)各種類型人群。division分隔、隔離；area地區(qū)；range同一種類之中的一系列；circle圈。a range of 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)系列，而a wide range of意為“各種各樣的”。正好符合題意。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)講，這個(gè)句子屬于典型的“從句套從句”。for引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選C項(xiàng)。6.【2014屆湖北省八校高三第一次聯(lián)考】The lead singer was ill and couldnt sing that night, and her _ didnt perform well, which made the audience disappointed.A. attitude B.substitute C. institute D. altitude6【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：那天晚上領(lǐng)銜歌手生病無(wú)法演出，她的替補(bǔ)表現(xiàn)得也不好，這讓觀眾很失望。substitute替換者；替補(bǔ)；attitude態(tài)度；institute學(xué)會(huì)，協(xié)會(huì)；學(xué)院；altitude高度；海拔。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。7.【2014屆湖北省黃梅一中高三上學(xué)期適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練】When he picked up a large sum of money by accident, he battled with his _ whether he should keep it or return it to the owner.A. consciousness B. conscience C. commitment D. convenience7【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)他撿到一大筆錢的時(shí)候，他在他的良心道德做斗志，是吞了這筆錢還是把錢交給失主。consciousness意識(shí)，觀念，覺(jué)悟；conscience良心，道德；commitment承諾，許諾，致力；convenience方便，便利；根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。8.【2014屆遼寧省撫順二中高三上學(xué)期期中考試】The police are trying to find out the _ of the woman murdered in the bathroom.A. evidence B. characteristic C. status D. identity8【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：警察正在努力找到那個(gè)婦女在浴室被殺的證據(jù)。evidence 證據(jù)；characteristic人格，特性；status身份狀態(tài)；identity身份，故選項(xiàng)。9.【2014屆安徽省宿松縣程集中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試】One of the advantages of living on the top of a high building is that you can get a good _.A. sight B. scenery C. appearance D. view9【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：住在高樓頂部的一個(gè)好處是你可以一覽眾景。sight光景，既可以指場(chǎng)景、眼前看到的景觀（多指人工的事物，如大建筑史跡等有名的處所），又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時(shí)，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)。它與view或者scenery最大的不同就在于：當(dāng)sight指景物時(shí)，多指某的特有的名勝；view景色，常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的景象，屬于scenery的一部分，有時(shí)可與scene互換；scenery景致、外景，指某地乃至國(guó)家總的外景或外貌，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。故選D項(xiàng)。10.【2014屆天津市六校高三上期第一次聯(lián)考】Clare has offered a _ of $ 100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone.A. benefit B. cost C. reward D. price10【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：Clare提供100美元賞金給找到她手機(jī)的人。benefit利益，好處；救濟(jì)金，津貼；cost錢，代價(jià)；花費(fèi)，費(fèi)用；reward報(bào)酬；報(bào)答；賞金；酬金；price價(jià)格，價(jià)錢。從信息句who can find her lost cell phone可判斷是賞金，故選C項(xiàng)。11【2014屆安徽六校教育研究會(huì)新高三素質(zhì)測(cè)試】I accepted a _ teaching students ages 6 to 12 with severe learning and behavioral _ whod moved from school to school.A. position; difficulties B. post; hardC. job; troubles D. occupation; difficulty11【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意: 我接受了一個(gè)教從這個(gè)學(xué)校到那個(gè)學(xué)校且具有嚴(yán)重學(xué)習(xí)困難及行為六到十二歲的學(xué)生們的職位。position職位；difficulties困難；post職位；job工作；trouble困難；occupation可以泛指各種專業(yè)。position與post都表示職位的區(qū)別： post更傾向于job 它更強(qiáng)調(diào)一份工作，而且使用環(huán)境并不十分正式；而position更強(qiáng)調(diào)“職位” 這不僅僅代表了一個(gè)位置，一份工作，同時(shí)也帶有“負(fù)責(zé)任的”“職稱”等比較正式的隱藏含義，所以第一空填position；difficulty表示具體的困難時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，表示抽象概念“困難”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，題干指學(xué)習(xí)和行為困難，故用復(fù)數(shù)“difficulties”；故選A項(xiàng)。12.【2014屆福建省廈門一中高三上學(xué)期期中】The discovery of the new drug is of great _ to people who suffer from heart problems.A. appreciationB. significanceC. satisfactionD. guidance12【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：新藥物的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)患心臟病的人及其重要。appreciation欣賞，感激；significance重要性；satisfaction滿意；guidance指導(dǎo)。這里考查be of +抽象名詞，相當(dāng)于be + adj.故選B項(xiàng)。13.【2014屆浙江象山普通高中高三第二次模擬】The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a (n) _ about nature among his students.A. curiosity B. habit C. ability D. independence13【解析】A考查名詞辨析。句意：老師希望他的學(xué)生更多地了解有關(guān)的現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，并力圖在學(xué)生們中開(kāi)發(fā)他們對(duì)自然的一種好奇心。curiosity 好奇心；habit習(xí)慣；ability 能力；independence 獨(dú)立。根據(jù)句意可知選A項(xiàng)。14.【2014屆安徽省“江淮十校”協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no to clean drinking water and health care.A. meansB. approachC. channel D. access14【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的報(bào)告，三分之一的世界人口沒(méi)有獲得干凈的飲用水和健康護(hù)理的機(jī)會(huì)。means方法，手段；approach方法，途徑；channel頻道；access獲得的機(jī)會(huì)，have (no) access to有（無(wú)）獲得的機(jī)會(huì)，根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。15.【2014屆河北省唐山一中高三第二次調(diào)研】The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shop C. bicycles shopD. bicycles shopx#k#b#115【解析】B考查名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。句意：那個(gè)自行車商店就在附近，你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)的。名詞做定語(yǔ)表示性質(zhì)、功能等。故選B項(xiàng)。16.【2014屆湖北省荊州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查】Sometimes the _ between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. A. combination B. application C. contrast D. disapproval16【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)實(shí)與夢(mèng)想之間的“反差”往往讓人失望。combination: 聯(lián)合、集合；application申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用；disapproval不贊成。均不合題意。contrast對(duì)照、對(duì)比。故選C項(xiàng)。17.【2014屆浙江省浙北名校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考】Ladies and gentlemen, please raise your glasses and drink a _ to the success of the new company.A. privilegeB. potentialC. toastD. ambition18【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：女士們先生們，請(qǐng)舉起你的酒杯，干杯祝新公司成功。privilege特別照顧，特殊榮幸；potential潛在力、潛勢(shì)；ambition抱負(fù),雄心；toast祝酒，干杯；祝酒詞。故選C項(xiàng)。 19.【2014屆安徽省馬鞍山二中高三上學(xué)期期中】He had a headache and went to the chemists to get something for his pain_.A. relax B. relief C. leisure D. comfort19【解析】B考查名詞辨析。句意：他頭疼去藥店買些東西緩解疼痛。relax放松；relief緩解，寬慰；leisure休閑；comfort安慰。根據(jù)句意選B項(xiàng)。20.【2014屆海南省瓊海市嘉積中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期段考】He is such a man who is always finding _ with other people.A. error B. weakness C. mistake D. fault20【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：他是總是找別人茬的人。error 錯(cuò)誤；weakness弱點(diǎn)； mistake錯(cuò)誤；fault過(guò)失，錯(cuò)誤。find fault with sb找某人的茬，根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。21.【2014屆江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高三上學(xué)期期中調(diào)研】The priest made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A. mark B. signalC. signD. gesture21【解析】C考查名詞辨析。句意：牧師進(jìn)入教堂的時(shí)候，劃了個(gè)十字（的標(biāo)志）。mark記號(hào)；signal信號(hào)；sign標(biāo)志；gesture手勢(shì)。根據(jù)題意可知選C項(xiàng)。22【2014屆浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中】Filmisnot onlyauniversalentertainmentmodeinmodern times,but also an important _ for cultural communication.A. transportation B. appearance C.controversyD. vehicle22【解析】D考查名詞辨析。句意：電影不僅是一種現(xiàn)代社會(huì)普遍的娛樂(lè)方式，而且也是一種重要的文化傳播載體。transportation交通；appearance外表；controversy爭(zhēng)論；vehicle車輛。根據(jù)情理可知電影可以傳播文化，所以把它看作一種媒體，載體。故選D項(xiàng)。23.【2013-2014學(xué)年甘肅省張掖中學(xué)第一學(xué)期高三第二次模擬】The do