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動詞時態考點典型陷阱題分析1. “i _ his telephone number.” “i have his number, but i _ to bring my phone book.”a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget【陷阱】容易誤選a,認為“忘記”是現在的事。【分析】仔細體會一下對話的語境:第一個人說“我忘記他的電話號碼了”,這個“忘記”應該是現在的情況,即現在忘記了,要不然就沒有必要同對方說此話了,故第一空應填 forget;第二個人說“我有他的號碼,但我忘記帶電話本了”,這個“忘記”應該是過去的情況,即過去忘記帶電話本,所以現在電話本不在身上(注意句中的轉折連詞 but),故第二空應填 forgot,即答案選應c。請再看一例: oh, i _ where he lives. dont you carry your address book?no, i _ to bring it.a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget答案選c,理由同上。2. i had hoped to see her off at the station, but i _ too busy.a. wasb. had beenc. would bed. would have been【陷阱】容易誤選b或d,認為前句用了had hoped,所以此句謂語要用b或d與之呼應。【分析】但正確答案為a,前一句謂語用had hoped,表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算,可以譯為“本想”,而后一句說“我太忙”,這是陳述過去的一個事實,所以要用一般過去時。請做以下類似試題(答案均為a):(1) we had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.a. foundb. had foundc. would findd. would have found(2) we had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.a. didntb. hadntc. needntd. would not have(3) we had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time.a. hadb. had hadc. would haved. would have had(4) i had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ and i couldnt get away.a. calledb. had calledc. would calld. would have called(5) the traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless.a. wasb. isc. wered. had been3. dear me! just _ at the time! i _ no idea it was so late.a. look, haveb. looking, hadc. look, hadd. looking, have 【陷阱】此題容易誤選d,認為第一空用現在分詞表伴隨,第二空填 have 的一般現在時,以保持與前面時態的一致性。【分析】其實,此題應選c,第一空應填 look, 因為這是祈使句的謂語;第二空應填 had,因為前一句說“看看時間吧”,這一看當然知道了現在很遲的情形,“不知道這么遲了”顯然應是“過去”的事,故應用一般過去時態,許多同學由于忽略這一隱含的語境而誤選。4. “your phone number again? i _ quite catch it.” “its 4331577”a. didntb. couldntc. dontd. cant【陷阱】此題容易誤選c,認為此處要用一般現在時態,表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。【分析】其實,此題答案應選a,根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前,故應用一般過去時態。請看以下類似試題:(1) “mr smith isnt coming tonight.” “ but he _.”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised答案選b,“他答應(要來)”應發生在過去。(2) “hey, look where you are going!” “oh, im terribly sorry. _.”a. im not noticingb. i wasnt noticingc. i havent noticedd. i dont notice答案選b,“我沒注意”是對方提醒之前的事,現經對方一提醒,當然注意到了。(3) “oh its you ! i _ you.” “ive had my hair cut.”a. didnt realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt recognized. dont recognized 答案選c。“沒認出是你”是說此話之前的事,說此話時顯然已經認出了對方。(4) “whats her new telephone number?” “oh, i _.”a. forgetb. forgotc. had forgottend. am forgetting此題應選a,從語境上看,“忘記”的時間應是現在,即指現在不記得了。(5) “since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready?” “but i _ that you would have me start at once.”a. dont realizeb. didnt realizec. hadnt realizedd. havent realized答案選b。“沒意識到”是對方提醒之前的事。(6) “its twelve oclock, i think i must be off now.” “oh, really? i _ it at all.”a. dont realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt realized. hadnt realized答案選c。“沒意識到”是在聽到的話之前的事。5. mr smith _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether he has finished it.a. has writtenb. wrotec. had writtend. was writing【陷阱】容易誤選b或c。【分析】此題應選d,這是由 but i dont know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的,全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書,但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選b。但若選b,則句子前半部分的意思則變為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”,既然是“寫了”,那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。6. he has changed a lot. he _ not what he _. a. is, isb. was, wasc. is, wasd. was, is【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】最佳答案選c,上文說“他”變化很大,即“他”現在不是過去的那個樣子了,故第一空填is,第二空填 was(其實第二空也可用 used to be)。請看類例:“what place is it?” “havent you found out we _ back where we _?”a. were, had beenb. have been, are c. are, wered. are, had been答案選c,we are back where we were 的意思是“我們(現在)又回到剛才來過的地方”。7. he is very busy. i dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.a. comeb. comesc. will comed. is coming【陷阱】此題容易誤選b。認為 if 引導的是條件狀語從句,從句謂語要用一般現在時表示將來意義。【分析】其實,此題答案應選c,句中if引導的不是條件狀語從句(即if如果),而是賓語從句(即if是否),句意為“他很忙,我不知道明天他是否會來。”請看以下類似試題:(1) i dont know if she _, but if she _ i will let you know.a. comes, comes b. will come, will comec. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案選 d,第一個 if 引導的是賓語從句,第二個 if 引導的是條件狀語從句。(2) “when _ he come?” “i dont know, but when he _, ill tell you.”a. does, comes b. will, will comec. does, will come d. will, comes答案選 d,第一個 when 疑問副詞,用于引出一個特殊疑問句;第二個 when是從屬連詞,用于引導時間狀語從句。(3) “when he _ is not known yet.” “but when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”a. comes, comes b. will come, will come c. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案選 d,第一個 when 引導的是主語從句,第二個 when引導的是時間狀語從句。8. the bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing.a. is dated fromb. was dated fromc. dates fromd. dated from【陷阱】此題容易誤選b或d,認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間,所以應選過去時態,又因為 date from 不用于被動語態,所以只能選d。【分析】其實此題的最佳答案應是c,因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今”(have existed since),它通常用于一般現在時,而不用過去時態(盡管其后接的總是表示過去的時間)。如:the church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀建的。the castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀建的。但若所談論的東西現在已不復存在,則可用一般過去時。如:the church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世紀建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。注:與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。9. “youve left the light on.” “oh, so i have. _ and turn it off.”a. ill gob. ive gonec. i god. im going【陷阱】容易誤選d。【分析】a和d兩者均可表示將來,填入空格處似乎都可以。但實際上只有a是最佳的,因為根據上下文的語境來看,“我去把燈關掉”這一行為是說話人聽了對方的話后臨時想到的,而不是事先準備的。而按英語習慣:will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖,但意圖有強弱之分,如果是事先考慮過的意圖,要用 be going to;如果不是事先考慮過的,而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖,則用 will。比較:“ive come out without any money.” “never mind, i will lend you some.” “我出來沒帶錢。”“沒關系,我借給你。”(句中用will lend,表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的,即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應)ive bought a typewriter and im going to learn to type. 我買了臺打字機,我想學打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type,表示說話人要學打字是事先準備的,并為此買了臺打字機)精編陷阱題訓練1. look at that little boy wandering about perhaps he _ his mother. a. will loseb. is losingc. had lostd. has lost2. its good that we _ to the park because its started to rain. a. dont gob. hadnt gonec. didnt god. wasnt going3. i _ for five minutes; why dont they come? a. am callingb. calledc. was callingd. have been calling4. you _ your turn so youll have to wait. a. will missb. have missedc. are missingd. had missed5. we _ to move but are still considering where to go to. a. are decidingb. decided c. have decidedd. had decided 6. i left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it? a. tookb. has takenc. will taked. had taken 7. they wont buy any new clothes because they _ money to buy a new car.a. saveb. were savingc. have savedd. are saving 8. i _ your last point could you say it again? a. didnt quite catchb. dont quite catchc. hadnt quite catchd. cant quite catch9. youll never guess who i met today my old teacher! we _ for 20 years.a. dont meetb. havent met c. hadnt metd. couldnt meet10. i feel sure i _ her before somewhere.a. was to meetb. have metc. had metd. would meet11. they havent arrived yet but we _ them at any moment. a. are expectedb. have expectedc. are expectingd. will expect12. i think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; im sure he _ abroad all week. a. isb. wasc. has beend. had been13. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb. were writing, has leftc. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left14. i tried to phone her, but even as i _ she was leaving the building. a. phonedb. would phonec. had phonedd. was phoning15. “i suppose you _ that report yet?” “i finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.” a. didnt finishb. havent finishedc. hadnt finishedd. wasnt finishing16. didnt the guard see him breaking into the bank?no, he _ in the other direction.a. was lookingb. had lookedc. lookedd. is looking17. how can you possibly miss the news? it _ on tv all day long.a. has beenb. had beenc. wasd. will be18. “i thought you might have got drunk.” “yes, i _.”a. almost haveb. almost hadc. almost didd. might have19. you _ television. why not do something more active?a. always watchb. are always watchingc. have always watchedd. have always been watching20. “i took part in the toefl. it was really hard.” “did you _ a lot?”a. have you studiedb. did you study c. had you studiedd. do you study21. “whats your opinion on the matter, please?” “oh, sorry, i _.”a. wasnt to listenb. havent listenedc. wasnt listeningd. hadnt listened22. “aha, youre a chain smoker!” “only at home. nobody _ that but you.”a. discoveredb. had discoveredc. discoversd. is discovering23. the telephone _ three times in the last hour, and each time it _ for my father.a. had rang; wasb. has rung; wasc. rang; has beend. has been ringing; is24. the thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ him, but failed.a. has heldb. had heldc. was holdingd. would hold25. when i arrived at the company, the manager _, so we had only time for a few words.a. just went awayb. had gone awayc. was just going awayd. has just gone away26. “john took a photograph of you just now.” “oh, really? i _.”a. didnt knowb. wasnt knowingc. dont knowd. havent known27. “mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “its a shame! he _!”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised28. please call again. jim _ a bath just now.a. has hadb. was havingc. is havingd. has29. “was andrew there when you arrived?” “yes, but he _ home soon afterwards.”a. had goneb. has gonec. is goingd. went30. “where is mother.” “she is in the kitchen. she _ the housework all morning.”a. is doingb. was doingc. has doned. has been doing 31. the books, _ the dictionaries, must be put back where they _. a. included; wereb. to include; arec. including; wered. including; are 31. 選 c。第一空including不填 included,因為其后帶有賓語;第二填 were,是因為它是指“原來放的地方”。【答案與解析】1. 選d。根據那個小男孩徘徊的現象,推知他可能是找不到媽媽了。用現在完成時表示結果。2. 選c。句意為“好在我們(剛才)沒有去公園,因為天(現在)已經開始下雨了”。3. 選d。用現在完成進行時表示持續到現在的一段時間。4. 選b,用現在完成時表示結果,即你已經錯過了機會,其結果是:你只能等。5. 選c。用現在完成時表示影響。6. 選b。用現在完成時表示影響或結果,即現在筆不見了,是由于某人已經把它拿走了的結果。7. 選d。用現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。8. 選a
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