動詞時態考點典型陷阱題分析1. “i _ his telephone number.” “i have his number, but i _ to bring my phone book.”a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget【陷阱】容易誤選a，認為“忘記”是現在的事。【分析】仔細體會一下對話的語境：第一個人說“我忘記他的電話號碼了”，這個“忘記”應該是現在的情況，即現在忘記了，要不然就沒有必要同對方說此話了，故第一空應填 forget；第二個人說“我有他的號碼，但我忘記帶電話本了”，這個“忘記”應該是過去的情況，即過去忘記帶電話本，所以現在電話本不在身上(注意句中的轉折連詞 but)，故第二空應填 forgot，即答案選應c。請再看一例： oh, i _ where he lives. dont you carry your address book?no, i _ to bring it.a. forget, forgetb. forgot, forgotc. forget, forgotd. forgot, forget答案選c，理由同上。2. i had hoped to see her off at the station, but i _ too busy.a. wasb. had beenc. would bed. would have been【陷阱】容易誤選b或d，認為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語要用b或d與之呼應。【分析】但正確答案為a，前一句謂語用had hoped，表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說“我太忙”，這是陳述過去的一個事實，所以要用一般過去時。請做以下類似試題(答案均為a)：(1) we had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.a. foundb. had foundc. would findd. would have found(2) we had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.a. didntb. hadntc. needntd. would not have(3) we had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time.a. hadb. had hadc. would haved. would have had(4) i had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ and i couldnt get away.a. calledb. had calledc. would calld. would have called(5) the traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless.a. wasb. isc. wered. had been3. dear me! just _ at the time! i _ no idea it was so late.a. look, haveb. looking, hadc. look, hadd. looking, have 【陷阱】此題容易誤選d，認為第一空用現在分詞表伴隨，第二空填 have 的一般現在時，以保持與前面時態的一致性。【分析】其實，此題應選c，第一空應填 look, 因為這是祈使句的謂語；第二空應填 had，因為前一句說“看看時間吧”，這一看當然知道了現在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應是“過去”的事，故應用一般過去時態，許多同學由于忽略這一隱含的語境而誤選。4. “your phone number again? i _ quite catch it.” “its 4331577”a. didntb. couldntc. dontd. cant【陷阱】此題容易誤選c，認為此處要用一般現在時態，表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。【分析】其實，此題答案應選a，根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎?”可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前，故應用一般過去時態。請看以下類似試題：(1) “mr smith isnt coming tonight.” “ but he _.”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised答案選b，“他答應(要來)”應發生在過去。(2) “hey, look where you are going!” “oh, im terribly sorry. _.”a. im not noticingb. i wasnt noticingc. i havent noticedd. i dont notice答案選b，“我沒注意”是對方提醒之前的事，現經對方一提醒，當然注意到了。(3) “oh its you ! i _ you.” “ive had my hair cut.”a. didnt realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt recognized. dont recognized 答案選c。“沒認出是你”是說此話之前的事，說此話時顯然已經認出了對方。(4) “whats her new telephone number?” “oh, i _.”a. forgetb. forgotc. had forgottend. am forgetting此題應選a，從語境上看，“忘記”的時間應是現在，即指現在不記得了。(5) “since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready?” “but i _ that you would have me start at once.”a. dont realizeb. didnt realizec. hadnt realizedd. havent realized答案選b。“沒意識到”是對方提醒之前的事。(6) “its twelve oclock, i think i must be off now.” “oh, really? i _ it at all.”a. dont realizeb. havent realizedc. didnt realized. hadnt realized答案選c。“沒意識到”是在聽到的話之前的事。5. mr smith _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether he has finished it.a. has writtenb. wrotec. had writtend. was writing【陷阱】容易誤選b或c。【分析】此題應選d，這是由 but i dont know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書，但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選b。但若選b，則句子前半部分的意思則變為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”，既然是“寫了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。6. he has changed a lot. he _ not what he _. a. is, isb. was, wasc. is, wasd. was, is【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】最佳答案選c，上文說“他”變化很大，即“他”現在不是過去的那個樣子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其實第二空也可用 used to be）。請看類例：“what place is it?” “havent you found out we _ back where we _?”a. were, had beenb. have been, are c. are, wered. are, had been答案選c，we are back where we were 的意思是“我們（現在）又回到剛才來過的地方”。7. he is very busy. i dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.a. comeb. comesc. will comed. is coming【陷阱】此題容易誤選b。認為 if 引導的是條件狀語從句，從句謂語要用一般現在時表示將來意義。【分析】其實，此題答案應選c，句中if引導的不是條件狀語從句(即if如果)，而是賓語從句(即if是否)，句意為“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否會來。”請看以下類似試題：(1) i dont know if she _, but if she _ i will let you know.a. comes, comes b. will come, will comec. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案選 d，第一個 if 引導的是賓語從句，第二個 if 引導的是條件狀語從句。(2) “when _ he come?” “i dont know, but when he _, ill tell you.”a. does, comes b. will, will comec. does, will come d. will, comes答案選 d，第一個 when 疑問副詞，用于引出一個特殊疑問句；第二個 when是從屬連詞，用于引導時間狀語從句。(3) “when he _ is not known yet.” “but when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.”a. comes, comes b. will come, will come c. comes, will come d. will come, comes答案選 d，第一個 when 引導的是主語從句，第二個 when引導的是時間狀語從句。8. the bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing.a. is dated fromb. was dated fromc. dates fromd. dated from【陷阱】此題容易誤選b或d，認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間，所以應選過去時態，又因為 date from 不用于被動語態，所以只能選d。【分析】其實此題的最佳答案應是c，因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今”(have existed since)，它通常用于一般現在時，而不用過去時態(盡管其后接的總是表示過去的時間)。如：the church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀建的。the castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀建的。但若所談論的東西現在已不復存在，則可用一般過去時。如：the church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世紀建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。注：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。9. “youve left the light on.” “oh, so i have. _ and turn it off.”a. ill gob. ive gonec. i god. im going【陷阱】容易誤選d。【分析】a和d兩者均可表示將來，填入空格處似乎都可以。但實際上只有a是最佳的，因為根據上下文的語境來看，“我去把燈關掉”這一行為是說話人聽了對方的話后臨時想到的，而不是事先準備的。而按英語習慣：will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強弱之分，如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過的，而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖，則用 will。比較：“ive come out without any money.” “never mind, i will lend you some.” “我出來沒帶錢。”“沒關系，我借給你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的，即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應)ive bought a typewriter and im going to learn to type. 我買了臺打字機，我想學打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示說話人要學打字是事先準備的，并為此買了臺打字機)精編陷阱題訓練1. look at that little boy wandering about perhaps he _ his mother. a. will loseb. is losingc. had lostd. has lost2. its good that we _ to the park because its started to rain. a. dont gob. hadnt gonec. didnt god. wasnt going3. i _ for five minutes; why dont they come? a. am callingb. calledc. was callingd. have been calling4. you _ your turn so youll have to wait. a. will missb. have missedc. are missingd. had missed5. we _ to move but are still considering where to go to. a. are decidingb. decided c. have decidedd. had decided 6. i left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it? a. tookb. has takenc. will taked. had taken 7. they wont buy any new clothes because they _ money to buy a new car.a. saveb. were savingc. have savedd. are saving 8. i _ your last point could you say it again? a. didnt quite catchb. dont quite catchc. hadnt quite catchd. cant quite catch9. youll never guess who i met today my old teacher! we _ for 20 years.a. dont meetb. havent met c. hadnt metd. couldnt meet10. i feel sure i _ her before somewhere.a. was to meetb. have metc. had metd. would meet11. they havent arrived yet but we _ them at any moment. a. are expectedb. have expectedc. are expectingd. will expect12. i think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; im sure he _ abroad all week. a. isb. wasc. has beend. had been13. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb. were writing, has leftc. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left14. i tried to phone her, but even as i _ she was leaving the building. a. phonedb. would phonec. had phonedd. was phoning15. “i suppose you _ that report yet?” “i finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.” a. didnt finishb. havent finishedc. hadnt finishedd. wasnt finishing16. didnt the guard see him breaking into the bank?no, he _ in the other direction.a. was lookingb. had lookedc. lookedd. is looking17. how can you possibly miss the news? it _ on tv all day long.a. has beenb. had beenc. wasd. will be18. “i thought you might have got drunk.” “yes, i _.”a. almost haveb. almost hadc. almost didd. might have19. you _ television. why not do something more active?a. always watchb. are always watchingc. have always watchedd. have always been watching20. “i took part in the toefl. it was really hard.” “did you _ a lot?”a. have you studiedb. did you study c. had you studiedd. do you study21. “whats your opinion on the matter, please?” “oh, sorry, i _.”a. wasnt to listenb. havent listenedc. wasnt listeningd. hadnt listened22. “aha, youre a chain smoker!” “only at home. nobody _ that but you.”a. discoveredb. had discoveredc. discoversd. is discovering23. the telephone _ three times in the last hour, and each time it _ for my father.a. had rang; wasb. has rung; wasc. rang; has beend. has been ringing; is24. the thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ him, but failed.a. has heldb. had heldc. was holdingd. would hold25. when i arrived at the company, the manager _, so we had only time for a few words.a. just went awayb. had gone awayc. was just going awayd. has just gone away26. “john took a photograph of you just now.” “oh, really? i _.”a. didnt knowb. wasnt knowingc. dont knowd. havent known27. “mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “its a shame! he _!”a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised28. please call again. jim _ a bath just now.a. has hadb. was havingc. is havingd. has29. “was andrew there when you arrived?” “yes, but he _ home soon afterwards.”a. had goneb. has gonec. is goingd. went30. “where is mother.” “she is in the kitchen. she _ the housework all morning.”a. is doingb. was doingc. has doned. has been doing 31. the books, _ the dictionaries, must be put back where they _. a. included; wereb. to include; arec. including; wered. including; are 31. 選 c。第一空including不填 included，因為其后帶有賓語；第二填 were，是因為它是指“原來放的地方”。【答案與解析】1. 選d。根據那個小男孩徘徊的現象，推知他可能是找不到媽媽了。用現在完成時表示結果。2. 選c。句意為“好在我們（剛才）沒有去公園，因為天（現在）已經開始下雨了”。3. 選d。用現在完成進行時表示持續到現在的一段時間。4. 選b，用現在完成時表示結果，即你已經錯過了機會，其結果是：你只能等。5. 選c。用現在完成時表示影響。6. 選b。用現在完成時表示影響或結果，即現在筆不見了，是由于某人已經把它拿走了的結果。7. 選d。用現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。8. 選a