社會文化閱讀理解精練（3）社會文化（閱讀理解）由 (2010安徽,c)改編american cities are similar to other cities around the world:in every country,cities reflect the values of the culture.american cities are changing, just as american society is changing.after world war ,the population of most large american cities decreased;however,the population in many sun belt cities increased.los angeles and houston are cities where population shifts (轉移) to and from the city reflect the changing values of american society.in the late 1940s and early 1950s,city residents (居民) became wealthier.they had more children so they needed more space.they moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes.they bought houses in the suburbs (郊區).now things are changing.the children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities.they continue to move to sun belt cities and older ones of the northeast and midwest.many young professionals are moving back into the city.they prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.this population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits.countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent.in the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.only a few years ago, people thought that the older american cities were dying.some city residents now see a bright, new future.others see only problems and conflicts.one thing is sure:many dying cities are alive again.1.what does the author think of cities all over the world?()a.they are alive.b.they are hopeless.c.they are similar.d.they are different.2.why did american city residents want to live in the suburbs after world war ?()a.because older american cities were dying.b.because they were richer and needed more space.c.because cities contained the worst parts of society.d.because they could hardly afford to live in the city.3.according to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in american cities .a.are faced with housing problemsb.are forced to move to the suburbsc.want to sell their buildingsd.need more money for daily expenses4.we can conclude from the text that .a.american cities are changing for the worseb.people have different views on american citiesc.many people are now moving from american citiesd.the population is decreasing in older american cities語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。作者向我們敘述了二戰后以及現在美國城市中人們的變遷,從側面反射出貧富差別給人們帶來的影響。答案及剖析:1.c事實細節題。由第一段第一句可知美國的城市和世界其他城市是類似的。故選c。2.b推理判斷題。由第二段最后四句可知城市居民變得富有,他們有較多的孩子,需要較大的空間,因此他們想搬到郊區。故選b。3.a推理判斷題。由第四段第二句可知:無數的窮人必須離開他們的公寓,因為房東想賣掉他們的房子而不想出租了。故選a。而b和第四段倒數第二句矛盾;c的主語應該是房東(the owners);d未提到。4.b推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知不同的人對城市有不同的觀點,故選b。a和第一段最后一句矛盾,the worse錯誤;c的主語應該是many poor people;文中沒有和d相關的信息。【長難句子分析】countless poor定語 people主語 must leave謂語 their apartments賓語 inthe city定語 becausethe owners want to sellthe buildings or make原因狀語從句 apartments for sale instead of for rent.原因狀語從句無數的窮人必須離開他們市里的公寓,因為房東想賣掉他們的房子而不想出租了。句中的because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent是原因狀語從句,for sale待售;for rent出租。閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (a、b、c和d) 中, 選出最佳選項。blue planets space is not black，but light green，a team of astronomers announced on january 10.they studied the light sent out by 200 000 galaxies.what they found was that the average colour of the universe is a bit greener than turquoise(綠寶石)the discovery was part of an attempt to test theories about how stars and galaxies form.most astronomers believe that the universe probably started with a“blue period”when young blue stars filled space.now the universe is in a“green period”they believe it will finally enter a“red period”when the older，redder stars appear.“the reason for the colour changing is that the rate of stars forming is changing，”said ivan baldry，an astronomer who worked to find the average colour of light in the universe.research presented by nasa scientists shows that the highest point of starforming may have occurred earlier than previously(以前)believed.it was probably very soon after the“big bang(宇宙大爆炸)”that many scientists believe gave birth to the universe.there is no way any human could actually see the green colour.“the only way to see it is if you saw all the universe from the same distance away and it was not moving，”baldry said.baldry and his coworker，karl glazebrook，have both joked about possible marketing(營銷)opportunities for the new colour.perhaps colouroftheuniverse tshirts or coffee cups could become popular.but baldry allowed，“i dont know if you can patent(專利)a colour，thats not our business.we havent actually been to a paint shop yet to see if they have a name for this.”1the astronomers discovered the colour of the universe_.awhen they were researching on the age of the universebwhen they attempted to test theories about the forming of stars and galaxiescto prove that the universe is continuously changingdand showed that the stars and galaxies may have formed earlier than previously believed答案：b第二段第一句“the discovery was part of an attempt to test theories about how stars and galaxies form.”說明了discovery是在理論檢測過程當中作出的。2according to the astronomers，_.athe universe is changing its colour all the timeball the heavenly bodies are green at presentcthe universe has changed its colour several timesdthe universe will finally turn red答案：d第二段最后一句“they believe it will finally enter ared period when the older，redder stars appear.”為該選項提供了依據。從第二段可看出宇宙的顏色由藍到綠，最終將變而還會變紅，所以c選項中的已經變了幾次不符合事實。而all the heavenly bodies遠遠大于文中的stars這一范圍。a選項中的all the time表示的頻率過高。3we can infer that the most popular colour of tshirts would be_.ared bblue cgreen dlight green答案：d綜合第一段第三句“what they found was that the average colour of the universe is a bit greener than turquoise(綠寶石)”和最后一段第一句“perhaps colouroftheuniverse tshirts or coffee cups could become popular.”可看出答案。4which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?ano human can see the real colour of the universe.bthe theory of“big bang”is widely received by scientists.cthe rate of stars forming is causing the change of the universes colour.dhumans can receive light from at least 200,000 galaxies.答案：ad選項來自于第一段第二句；c選項來自第三段第一句；b選項來自第四段最后一句。a選項與第六段有很大的差異。【閱讀理解】 william butler yeats, a most famous irish writer, was born in dublin on june 13,1865. his childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. later, yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. in fact, he inherited (繼承) excellent taste in art from his familyboth his father and his brother were painters. but he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戲劇) and poetry.yeats had strong faith in the coming of new artistic movements. he set himself the fresh task in founding an irish national theatre in the late 1890s.his early theatrical experiments，however，were not received favorably at the beginning. he didnt lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.compared with his dramatic works, yeatss poems attract much admiring notice.the subject matter includes love，nature，history，time and aging. though yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. as his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.he had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the nobel prize in 1923.yet，he continued writing almost to the end of his life. had yeats stopped writing at age 40，he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. after yeatss death in 1939, wh. auden wrote, among others, the following lines：earth，receive an honoured guest：william yeats is laid to rest.let the irish vessel (船) lieemptied of its poetry.本文介紹了愛爾蘭著名作家威廉巴特勒葉慈，他在19世紀90年代成立了愛爾蘭國家劇院，他以詩體戲劇及詩歌聞名，于1923年獲得了諾貝爾獎。1which of the following can describe yeatss family?ait filled yeatss childhood with laughter. bit was shocked by yeatss choice.cit was a typically wealthy family. dit had an artistic atmosphere.答案：d。細節理解題。根據短文第一段倒數第二句話可知：他從家人那兒繼承了很好的藝術鑒賞能力，他的父親和哥哥都是畫家，證明他是在一個有藝術氛圍的家庭中長大。2according to the passage，what do we know about yeatss life?ayeats founded the first irish theater.byeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.cyeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.dyeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 noble prize.答案：c。細節理解題。根據短文第二段第二句話“he set himself.theatre in the late 1890s.”可知a項不對。根據第三段第三句話“though yeats.to them”可知，b項不對。根據第三段最后一句話可知，d項不對。由此可知c項正確。3what kind of feeling is expressed in wh.audens lines?aenvy. bsympathy. cemptiness. dadmiration.答案：d。推理判斷題。envy忌妒；sympathy同情；emptiness空虛；admiration敬佩，欽佩。auden的詩詞中有honored guest，最尊敬的客人，可知auden是敬佩葉慈的。4what is the passage mainly about?a. yeatss literary achievements.b. yeatss historical influence.c. yeatss artistic ambition.d. yeatss national honor.答案：a。主旨大意題。本文主要講述作家葉慈在文學方面所取得的成績，他的詩體戲劇獲得了很大的成功，他的詩歌贏得了廣泛的認可，1923年，他獲得了諾貝爾文學獎。 【閱讀理解】 the multimillion pound new library of birmingham(lob)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(數字化)of everyday life.set to open in 2013, the 188m lob is already beginning to take shape next to the birmingham repertory theatre, with which it will share some equipment.as digital media(媒介)is important to its_idea,_the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.brian gambles, the lob project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning：“the aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24hour services which can be used through many different ways. it is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”the digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.even before the lob is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the virtual(虛擬的)lob, designed by baden, the birmingham virtual worlds specialists. not only have the public been able to learn about the lob, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the lob to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.two other small birminghambased digital companies are also working on the lob projects. substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. it is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the lob which is in the early stages of development. and the peoples archice is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.gambles says: “technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as never befor