Nathan Zhang,Assessments of your composition & polish it up,“書面表達” 命題依據(jù)及原則,依據(jù)教育部課程標準、全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱（課程標準實驗版）、浙江省高中英語新課程學科教學指導意見 2011考試說明：考生應(yīng)能（1）清楚連貫地傳達信息，表達意思；（2）有效運用所學語言知識。根據(jù)提示，用英語寫一篇100120個詞的短文。 話題（主題）：跟高中學生學習生活有關(guān)的，或是他們關(guān)心的，但熱點問題的可能性仍較小。 寫作任務(wù)：有意義的，或者實用的（能解決實際問題的） 語言知識：高中所學詞匯、語法項目、語篇知識（寫作方法）,五個步驟,1、審題,題材、人稱、時態(tài)、要點,2、以詞及點：用一兩個單詞或短語寫出每句 話的細節(jié)要點。,3、聯(lián)詞成句：用聯(lián)詞成句的方法將上述要點 的詞語擴展成句子。,4、聯(lián)句成文：,注意：,主語和謂語,背景（適當增加時間、地點條件等）,邏輯關(guān)系,開頭與結(jié)尾 語篇銜接,5、檢查修改，規(guī)范抄寫,高分作文29分,思維習慣較好,閱卷老師的建議： 字跡工整 檢查，再檢查 慎用套詞 語言樸實 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰 切題、有邏輯長度適中 文體標準,萬人迷書寫,假如你班要就“如何為高考做準備”開一個班會，請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談?wù)勀銓Ω呖紓淇歼^程中要注意的事項及建議理由： 1. 保持良好的心態(tài)有助于減輕焦慮，還能增強克服困難的勇氣； 2. 目標明確、正確評價自己。太低的目標使人松懈，太高的目標使人喪失信心； 3. 與父母、老師或同學溝通幫忙走出困境； 4. 作息合理，飲食均衡，以保持旺盛的精力。 注意： 1詞數(shù)100左右，開頭已為你寫好(不計入總詞數(shù))； 2可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 3. 參考詞匯：明確的(definite) 評價（estimation）,審 題,1、體裁：發(fā)言稿， 談?wù)劯呖紓淇歼^程中注意事項及理由。為議論文體,2、主要時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時，發(fā)表自己的看法-要點,3、人稱：第一人稱 we 較貼近學生實際,4、要點：所給的四項務(wù)必包括進去，并適當?shù)陌l(fā)表自己的看法。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)- 總分總-3段式較好。,字 詞 文,詞：, have a right attitude, a normal state of mind,句：,its very important to have a right attitude,A normal state of mind and self-confidence helps us to relax,文：,First, its very important to have a right attitude, for a normal state of mind and self-confidence not only helps us to relax but also enables us to overcome difficulties bravely.,Appreciation,Keeping a good psychology is the first and most important step to make great progress. When it comes to aims, a definite one and a proper estimation of yourself work better A small step makes a big difference. Dont forget you are not alone. Your teacher or classmates and even you parents can help you to deal with your problems. So there is a growing concern for how to make preparations for it. My suggestions are as follows. Adopting an optimistic attitude is beneficial to lightening your anxiety and encouraging you to overcome difficulties. As is often the case, too low goals make everyone less aggressive. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,( 肖 君),(徐樂平),分芳,岳平,Appreciation,Only if we prepare properly for the examination can we succeed in the end. To speak frankly, there is a need for us to set a clear goal objectively and assess ourselves properly. First, always keep a good state of mind in life, which helps you not only reduce nervousness but also build up your courage of overcoming problems. In a word, study is a process of trial.,( 夢露),(林婷婷 1),小雨,方芳,Appreciation,As a saying goes, “ God never shuts one door but he opens another. 天無絕人之路。.” Always having wishes can make us strong-willed. Health is to our bodies what water is to fish. Having a balanced diet counts a lot. In addition, there is no denying that you can break away from trouble if your are under the loving care of your parents, teachers or classmates. It is apparent that only in this way can you have little anxiety an well as strengthen bravery to get over difficulties. As a proverb goes: “ A merry heart goes all the way.”心情愉快，事事順心 What we need to care about is that we should establish a definite goal.,( 小芬),(麗芳),連杰,Students version - 許丹妮,However, the path to college may not be smooth. So we should try our best to do something best in order to welcome the National College Entrance Examination. There goes a saying that more haste, less speed. Therefore, wed better to keep a positive attitude. Not only can we calm down, but also we will get courage to overcome difficulties. In other words, we will believe there are many promising avenues to pursue.,Whats the most important to us is that we have a definite goal and have a correct estimation about ourselves. Too low a goal will make us slack and too high will make us lose heart. Besides, its advisable to talk more with others, like parents, teachers, classmates and so on, which will help us get through difficulties. Needless to say, we need a good rest and a balanced diet to keep us energetic. Come on! Everyone! Challenges and pressures can bring out us the best. Hope everyone will have a wonderful grade in the coming summer.,Yet what should we do in order to achieve success? Here are some suggestions. First, its very important to have a right attitude, for a normal state of mind and self-confidence not only helps us to relax but also enables us to overcome difficulties bravely. Meanwhile, we should have a definite goal and a correct estimation of ourselves. Only in this way will we not be easily pleased or disappointed with what we have known and done. Besides, wed better sometimes talk with our parents, teachers or classmates, who may help us out when were in trouble. Finally, striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well. With these done, I think we can greatly improve our performance.,achieve success keep a normal state of mind overcome difficulties have a correct estimation of ourselves- 正確的評價自己 striking a proper balance between study and rest -勞逸結(jié)合 keeps us energetic a healthy diet improve our performance-提高我們的效益,范文中的好詞句,書面表達在評閱時遵循三原則,語言第一位（語言高級）,內(nèi)容第二位（要點齊全）,結(jié)構(gòu)第三位（文章分段）,一、高級詞匯和語法,二、修辭手法,三、有效的連詞,四、名人名言或諺語,語言第一位（語言高級）,龍頭；豬肚；鳳尾。,1、詞組優(yōu)先原則,2、地道原則,3、避免重復原則,4、后、高、長原則 后學到、較高級、較長詞匯。,四項原則,1、詞組優(yōu)先原則,原文A new railway is being built in my hometown. 修正A new railway is under construction in my hometown.,2、地道原則,原文Through traveling, I learned a lot of knowledge. 修正Through traveling, I gainedobtained a lot of knowledge.,一、肯定不如雙否好,二、陳述不如倒裝妙,三、主動不如被動巧,四、從句不如分詞傲,要強化“語法、修辭”兩個概念,四個“不如”,修辭的使用在書面表達中算作很大的亮點，在高中階段很少有學生會注重修辭的應(yīng)用。雙重否定也是種修辭，而且對于考生來說，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中設(shè)計雙重否定的句子。就變成了亮點句，起到強調(diào)作用。,一、肯定不如雙否好,The postman comes on time every day. The postman never fails to come on time.,1.He came here at 5 p.m. yesterday.(一般句式) 2.He did not come here until 5 p.m. yesterday.,I couldnt have made so much progress in English without his help.,I have made great progress in English with his help.,倒裝是一種最簡單易行的使句子呈現(xiàn)亮點的方法。在高中階段只需掌握倒裝的四種形式，足以應(yīng)對書面表達，如何應(yīng)用倒裝，有很多方法和技巧。,1.Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we solve the problem of pollution. 2. So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 3.Diligent as he was, he failed in passing the exam. 4. By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smoking.,二、陳述不如倒裝妙,Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.,I will never marry you.,Never will I marry you.,1.否定詞開頭：,2. Not until/till 5 pm. did he come here yesterday.,3. It was not until/till 5 pm. that he came here yesterday.,1. He didnt come here until 5 pm. yesterday.,把地點狀語放在句首后面主謂倒裝。這樣做的好處之一是倒裝本身就是高級結(jié)構(gòu)，第二是倒裝后把真正的主語放到了句子的末尾，后面還可以繼續(xù)加從句，使整個句子再呈現(xiàn)更多的亮點。,In the center of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.,2.地點狀語開頭,Only in this way can we achieve our goal.,3.Only+介詞短語：,Only in this way can I improve my English,Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy,4. 形容詞+as+主語+be動詞：,1. Young as I am, I can manage it,2. Rich as our country is, we have a lot of problems,3. Badly injured as he was, he managed to take down the cars number.,4. So glad am I to hear from you.,三、主動不如被動巧,英語是一門客觀的語言，而漢語是主觀的語言，具體體現(xiàn)在英語中經(jīng)常用被動語態(tài)，漢語經(jīng)常用主動語態(tài)；英語中經(jīng)常用是事物或形式主語開頭，強調(diào)一件事發(fā)生在什么人身上，而漢語經(jīng)常用人稱開頭強調(diào)一個人發(fā)生了什么事。所以使用被動語態(tài)符合英語的習慣，如果能將整個文章中兩個句子變成被動語態(tài)，就會呈現(xiàn)句型的變化，使整篇文章句型豐富。,例如在2006年的高考中，很多學生在表達我們每次可以借五本書最多借十天時：,We can borrow five books at most, and we can keep them for ten days.,At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.,哪種表達法分數(shù)會更高？,幾乎所有的狀語從句都可以變成獨立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，時間狀語從句，原因狀語，條件狀語等。例如條件狀語從句：If such is the case, you should apologize to her. 如何變成獨立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)呢？學會下面的口訣，如果你的作文中有狀語從句，馬上可改成獨立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)這個最大的亮點。,四、從句不如分詞傲,口訣：一去，二看，三改。 一去：去連詞；二看：看主語；三改：改分詞。,第一步，去掉連詞if；,If such is the case, you should apologize to her.,第二步，看前后兩句話的主語，前后主語不一致， 所以要改成獨立主格；,第三步，改分詞，is 變成分詞是being,最后變成 Such being the case, you should apologize to her,如果前后兩句話主語一致，就變成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。,原文 The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.,修正 Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.,原文 If everything is taken into consideration, we ought to have another chance.,修正 Everything taken into consideration, we ought to have another chance.,Practice makes perfect !,一、詞與詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞 This painting is very valuable. 2. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞 Our hometown has changed a lot these years.,二、詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.,This painting is of great value.,Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.,Tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.,三、非謂語動詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 動名詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail. 2. 分詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 (1) 現(xiàn)在分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside. (2) 過去分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten.,On hearing his arrival, please give me an e-mail.,Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.,Once seen, it will never be forgotten.,3. 不定式與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.,四、獨立主格與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 （1）If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.,To make himself heard clearly, he spoke louder.,Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.（邏輯主語+現(xiàn)在分詞）,（2）If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable. When this was done, we went home. Given good luck, I will earn more money than all of you. （3）Because there was nothing to do, we played games.,Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable. （邏輯主語+過去分詞）,This done, we went home.,Good luck given, I will earn more money than all of you.,There being nothing to do, we played games.(being 不可省略),五、句與句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 簡單句與復合句的轉(zhuǎn)換 The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. 2. 一般句式與強調(diào)句的轉(zhuǎn)換 I graduated from the university last summer.,The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.,It was last summer that I graduated from the university.,3. 條件句與祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換 If you go through the gate, you will find the entrance to Bear Country. 4. 賓語從句與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 I wont believe what he says.,Go through the gate, and you will find the entrance to Bear Country.,No matter what he says, I wont believe him.,六、“二態(tài)”之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 The bell is ringing now. 2. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) People suggested that the meeting be put off.,七、其他形式的轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 正常語序與倒裝語序的轉(zhuǎn)換 Though Im weak I will make the effort. They will never give up the struggle for success,There goes the bell.,It is suggested that the meeting be put off.,Weak as I am, I will make the effort.,Never will they give up the struggle for success.,2. 陳述語氣與虛擬語氣的轉(zhuǎn)換 The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.,But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.,怎樣譯出地道的英語簡單句？,第二步：確定主干的相關(guān)詞匯,第三步：翻譯句子主干,第四步：添加修飾成分,第一步：找出句子主干,例句： 害怕挨罵，那個淘氣的男孩沒 關(guān)水龍頭就跑了。,第一步：找出句子主干,男孩 跑了,第二步：確定主干的相關(guān)詞匯,害怕挨罵，那個淘氣的男孩沒關(guān)水龍頭就跑了。,boy, run away,第三步：翻譯句子主干,害怕挨罵，那個淘氣的男孩沒關(guān)水龍頭就跑了。,The boy ran away.,考慮： 時態(tài) 語態(tài),第四步：添加修飾成分,The naughty boy ran away.,The naughty boy ran away without turning off the water.,Afraid of being scolded, the naughty boy ran away without turning off the water.,害怕挨罵，那個淘氣的男孩 沒關(guān)水龍頭就跑了。,練習一： 穿紅色羊毛衫的女孩是我們班長。,One possible sentence: The girl dressed in a red sweater is our monitor.,女孩,是,班長,練習二： 北京是中國的首都，有3000多年的悠久歷史。,Beijing is the capital city of China with a long history of over 3,000 years. Beijing, the capital city of China, has a long history of over 3,000 years. Beijing is the capital city of China and has a long history of over 3,000 years.,高考的書面表達重在設(shè)計，如何設(shè)計出讓閱卷老師看了眼前一亮的句子，寫出有分詞，倒裝，強調(diào)，修辭的句子，使整篇文章句型豐富，不單一，有效的使用連接成分使文章連貫，方能在高考中拿到高分。,啟示:,謄寫核對措辭時態(tài) 標點符號準確到位,每天練筆熟悉句型 名句諺語銘記心上,注重一詞多義形式 英漢互譯強化記憶,限時練筆提煉思路 平時演練實戰(zhàn)見效,寫作要領(lǐng)清晰明了 有形無形寫作概念,細細審讀要求題示 擬好提綱排列順序,思路清晰分段陳述 草稿寫作認真細心,第一步：仔細閱讀寫作要求，確定寫作要點；,基礎(chǔ)寫作步驟：,第三步：依據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)要求，巧妙整合各句。,第二步：認真擬好寫作順序，先寫出簡單句；,Tom is an American student.,He comes from Los Angeles.,He studies at a university in China.,He is interested in the cultures of Eastern Asia.,Tom, an American student, who comes from Los Angeles, studies at a university in China because he is interested in the cultures of Eastern Asia.,實例一,通知 新光中學高三年級學生將于10月19日去體檢。 1.體檢地點：第一人民醫(yī)院 2.體檢日期：10月19日，星期三 注意： 1.7:45在醫(yī)院門口集合，可以騎車或步行前往 2. 體檢前空腹 3. 在醫(yī)院保持安靜，聽從醫(yī)生和護士的安排。,1. The students of Senior three in Xinguang Middle School are going to have their physical check-up.,2. The physical examination is held in the 1st Peoples Hospital on Wednesday, 19th October.,3. The students should meet at the gate of the hospital at