生命是永恒不斷的創造，因為在它內部蘊含著過剩的精力，它不斷流溢，越出時間和空間的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表現的形式表現出來。泰戈爾為幫助同學們更好的備考托福考試,選擇了一些經典的托福閱讀長難句,希望同學們進行分析和總結后,能夠提高閱讀能力. 1Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect succession hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun as an actor might.戴著面具身著盛裝的人們，經常扮演各種其他人物、動物或超自然生靈，并且作為一個扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一個在狩獵或戰役中獲勝、降雨的來臨，陽光的重現的結果。2But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是這些事實不能解釋這個令人感興趣的問題，就是為什么在一個特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。3A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.十九世紀一系列持續的機械進步，包括踏板的傳入、金屬結構的完善和鋼絲的最完美的質量，最后產生了一種能容納無數音調從最精致的和弦到一個成熟管弦的聲音或從一個清澈的歌聲到輝煌的敲擊樂的效果的樂器。4Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.雖然我們習慣談到1972年以前的電影是無聲的，但用一句完全感性的話來說電影從來就不是沒有聲音的。5For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.多年以來電影音樂的選擇程序完全掌握在導演和音樂督導手中，通常擁有這些權力的主要資格并非是自身的技藝和品味而更多的是因為擁有大量的個人音樂素材庫。6Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.更進一步，他們是由一個頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作，包含光滑，緊湊的紗線來自長羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。7For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.在春季和夏季，要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。8What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.我們今天所謂的美國民間藝術，實際上是普通老百姓的藝術、被普通老百姓創造的藝術和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術，是一個他們在社會日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創建的一個包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術的市場。9The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.“法利賽人”就沒有農業,但在數千年的技術和設備,已研制開發環境,以他們的經濟河里捕魚和沿海水域江浙鮭魚、大比目魚和其它品種的魚,采集鮑魚,蚌類、蛤蚌、和其他貝類從巖石的海岸線,主要從事狩獵的土地和海洋哺乳動物一樣,和收集野生植物的食物。10The musicians within the orchestras ranks enrich their community immeasurably by ensuring that new generations of musicians, or simply music lovers, are given the kind of superior instruction that only an actively engaged, practicing musician can impart.有管弦樂家的級別音樂家們可以無限制地有利于他們的團體，靠通過確保給新一代的音樂家們或簡易的音樂愛好者們一種高級的指導，這種指導只能由一個活的已加入的具有實踐經驗的音樂家能傳授。11Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one-quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas and at least as much resistance to constructing more suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south.因為加拿大地大都市區域每城市高速公路公里總數量只有美國的四分之一，而且至少根據相當的居民數量去建設更多的高速公路，比較南部邊界的而言，人群和設施的都市化在北部邊界區延伸度較少。12They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only limited geographical areas or by specific ethnic and social groups especially the blues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian Mountains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States.他們制造了相當多種類的流行音樂，這些音樂以前只限于在地理區域或特殊的種族和社會群體能被聽到，尤其是藍調音樂、福音歌曲和非洲美國人的爵士樂和阿巴拉奇亞山脈南部和其他美國南部和西部的鄉村區域傳統音樂。13The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.在第三個十九世紀中期鐵路和電報系統的發展導致了在速度、音量和普通的船運和通訊上的明顯的進步，使生產和分發貨物方面的一個基礎的轉變有可能發生。14Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers attacked the medium from which they were to make their images, and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.由于未受學校教育的藝術家們的膽卻，他們通常被訓練成石匠、木匠或家具師， 抨擊了在媒體中他們以前造就的自我形象和一個理解，這個理解就是雕塑的發展在十八世紀晚期的美國更加完全的發生了。15Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involved the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles.16Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roots, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. 孤獨的雄雞躲避在茂盛的植被下或進入洞穴躲藏，如角狀的百靈在地面挖洞躲藏和松雞,在雪岸,挖洞躲藏，但是象、鷦鷯、雨燕、褐色的爬行動物、藍知更鳥和anis所做的一樣，由于多只鳥一起擁擠在根莖下，所以躲避的效果被擴大除了盡量去保持身體深處的低體溫，這將包括支出水和能量，沙漠哺乳動物們允許他們的溫度上升到一個通常是發燒的溫度并且溫度高達46攝氏度，這已被在格蘭特瞪羚羊測得。 17Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50000 inhabitants or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15000. 每個大城市及其郊區至少能容納（a）一個5000居民人口的中心城市或（b）為了一個普通的經濟和社會目的共享邊界和律法的兩個城市，一個單個的融合的社區人口至少50000，更小一點的社區必須有至少15000人口。23Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.更進一步，他們是由一個頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作，包含光滑，緊湊的紗線來自長羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。24For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.在春季和夏季，要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。25What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.我們今天所謂的美國民間藝術，實際上是普通老百姓的藝術、被普通老百姓創造的藝術和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術，是一個他們在社會日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創建的一個包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術的市場。26The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.他們沒有農業，但是經過幾千年，已經發展了探索自身環境的技術和設備。他們是基于大量出現鮭魚、大比目魚和其他多種魚類的自身流域和水岸捕魚的經濟；采集鮑魚,蚌類、蛤蚌、和其他貝殼動物的經濟；基于捕獵地域和海洋哺乳動物的經濟；以及基于收集野生植物的食物的經濟；27The musicians within the orchestras ranks enrich their community immeasurably by ensuring that new generations of musicians, or simply music lovers, are given the kind of superior instruction that only an actively engaged, practicing musician can impart.有管弦樂家的級別音樂家們可以無限制地有利于他們的團體，靠通過確保給新一代的音樂家們或簡易的音樂愛好者們一種高級的指導，這種指導只能由一個活的已加入的具有實踐經驗的音樂家能傳授。28Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one-quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas and at least as much resistance to constructing more suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south.因為加拿大地大都市區域每城市高速公路公里總數量只有美國的四分之一，而且至少根據相當的居民數量去建設更多的高速公路，比較南部邊界的而言，人群和設施的都市化在北部邊界區延伸度較少。29They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only limited geographical areas or by specific ethnic and social groups especially the blues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian Mountains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States.他們制造了相當多種類的流行音樂，這些音樂以前只限于在地理區域或特殊的種族和社會群體能被聽到，尤其是藍調音樂、福音歌曲和非洲美國人的爵士樂和阿巴拉奇亞山脈南部和其他美國南部和西部的鄉村區域傳統音樂。30The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.在第三個十九世紀中期鐵路和電報系統的發展導致了在速度、音量和普通的船運和通訊上的明顯的進步，使生產和分發貨物方面的一個基礎的轉變有可能發生。31Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers attacked the medium from which they were to make their images, and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.由于未受學校教育的藝術家們的膽卻，他們通常被訓練成石匠、木匠或家具師， 抨擊了在媒體中他們以前造就的自我形象和一個理解，這個理解就是雕塑的發展在十八世紀晚期的美國更加完全的發生了。32Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involved the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles.除了盡量去保持身體深處的低體溫，這將包括支出水和能量，沙漠哺乳動物們允許他們的溫度上升到一個通常來說是發燒的溫度并且溫度高達46攝氏度，這已被在格蘭特瞪羚羊測得。33Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roots, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do.（孤獨的雄雞躲避在茂盛的植被下或進入洞穴躲藏，如角狀的百靈在地面挖洞躲藏和松雞在雪岸挖洞躲藏，但是大象、鷦鷯、雨燕、褐色的爬行動物、藍知更鳥和anis所做的一樣，由于多只鳥一起擁擠在根莖下，所以躲避的效果被擴大34Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50000inhabitants or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15000. 每個大城市及其郊區至少能容納（a）一個5000居民人口的中心城市或（b）為了一個普通的經濟和社會目的共享邊界和律法的兩個城市，一個單個的融合的社區人口至少50000，更小一點的社區必須有至少15000人口。35The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups, not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and vocational ones in turn supported the multiplying hotels.增長中的風俗，通常集合了所有種類的群體從遠方來的代表，不僅為政治慣例還是為貿易上、專業上、已學習的和職業的慣例，輪流支持了增長中的賓館。36Two species of these finches, named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than meet in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of North American and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees.以他們上部和較低部分的嘴的交叉命名，而不是中間部分相遇的部分命名，這兩種雀類居住在北美四季常青的森林里并且以包含在，錐狀的松果樹球內的種子為食。37The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later1860s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada.主要變化的開端在18世紀60年代晚期被預示了，當時在太平洋鐵路聯合體最后開始建設從奧馬哈的城市中心平原到連接太平洋鐵路中心向西的鐵路，它推進了從加利福尼亞穿過內華達山脈的重重險阻向東的鐵路 38The argument that humans, even in prehistoric, had some number sense, at least to the extent of recognizing the concept of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possess such a sense.關于人類即使是史前人類都具有一些數字的感覺的爭論，當或多或少一些對象被從一個小團體內加入或拿走的概念，最后導致這個概念的認可，這看起來是公平的，因為研究表明一些動物擁也有這樣的感覺。39A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely.一個有用的定義關于空氣污染是被人類直接加入或間接加入到大氣中，那些空氣質量反面地影響人類、動物、植被或原材料的空氣的混合體。40The tight arrangement enabled the Mandan to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to next.緊湊的安排使曼丹人能更容易地，從那些尋找獲得那些高產的農民們年復一年地存儲的一些食物的其他族人的襲擊中，保護他們自己。41No other set of colonists took so seriously one expression of the period, “Leisure is time for doing something useful,” in the countryside farmers therefore relieved the burden of the daily routine with such double-purpose relaxations as hunting, fishing, and trapping.沒有其他的殖民者在那個時期如此嚴肅的持有一個的申明：休閑對做事有利，鄉下農民們理所當然的收到如此雙重任務：日常事務的重擔和狩獵、捕魚和誘捕的閑暇。42Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in environments.地球上的生命不斷地演化，就象存在于地球中的緩慢地物理的和化學的變化，但是生物需要時間去適應，這就是現存物種的遷移和基因改變的時間，和以便能在環境中生存的新基因材料和新物種的繁殖的時間。43Some fossil bones have all the interstitial spaces filled with foreign minerals, including the marrow cavity, if there is one, while others have taken up but little from their surroundings.一些石化的骨頭的所有裂縫的空隙，包括骨髓空腔，都充滿了外來的礦石，如果這兒還有一個空腔當其他的空腔都已被占據，填充物很少是來源于他們的環境。44By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and paints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few originals)of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.杰出的繪畫藝術，在西歐發展，直到現在通過書、繪畫、歐洲訪問者和移民被介紹給美洲殖民者和游移不定的殖民者，他們買回舊的大師的繪畫和歐洲藝術機構熟識的復制品（很少有原件）。45The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: “limner” was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760s: “painter ”characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface.藝術家們當時描述的術語表明了他們的狀態，如“畫匠”一詞通常應用在匿名的肖像畫家；直到十七世紀60年代，“油漆匠”刻畫了那些能在平的表面刷漆的人。46A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.一些藝術收藏家，如波士頓的James Bowdoin III、弗吉尼亞的William Byrd和鳳凰城的Aliens and Hamilton家族，介紹歐洲的藝術給那些有特權去參觀他們畫廊，尤其是那些有抱負的藝術家們的畫廊的殖民者，并且建立了基于他們各自團體的藝術價值的觀點和基于投入了他們資金的藝術機構的需求。47The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new natio