1摘要在機械制造的機械加工、檢驗、裝配、焊接和熱處理等冷熱工藝過程中，使用著大量的夾具，用以安裝加工對象，使之占有正確的位置，以保證零件和產品的質量，并提高生產效率。在機床上加工工件時，為了保證加工精度，必須正確安裝工件，使其相對機床切削成形運動和刀具占有正確的位置，這一過程稱為“定位”。為了不因受切削力、慣性力、重力等外力作用而破壞工件已定的正確位置，還必須對其施加一定的夾緊力，這一過程稱為“夾緊”。定位和夾緊的全過程稱為“安裝”。在機床上用來完成工件安裝任務的重要工藝裝備，就是各類夾具中應用最為廣泛的“機床夾具”。機床夾具的種類很多，其中，使用范圍最廣的通用夾具，規格尺寸多已標準化，并且有專業的工廠進行生產。而廣泛用于批量生產，專為某工件加工工序服務的專用夾具，則需要各制造廠根據工件加工工藝自行設計制造。因此，專用夾具的設計是一項重要生產準備工作，每一個從事加工工藝的工裝設計人員，都應該掌握有關夾具設計的基礎知識。本設計的主要內容是設計鉆床夾具，需要對齒輪泵端蓋上的2個M8螺孔和1個14的孔進行鉆削加工。文中介紹了工件在夾具體中的定位方式，定位元件與定位機構的選擇，及夾緊機構的選擇與設計。現代高效率的夾具大多采用機動夾緊，按力源分有氣動、液壓、氣液聯合、電傳動及利用機床運動等對工件進行夾緊。這些方式具有夾緊動作快，夾緊力穩定，可減輕工人勞動強度等優點。本設計選用電動機作為夾緊的動力裝置，運用機電傳動控制回路來控制電動機的正反轉，借以控制被加工工件在夾具體上的夾緊。此外，文中還對夾具進行了簡單的精度分析與計算。機械零件上往往都有各種不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在機械加工中，孔的加工量所占比例較大，其中鉆頭、擴孔鉆、鉸刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相當多數。這時，除了要保證孔的尺寸精度外，還要達到孔的位置精度要求。在單件小批量生產中，用劃線后找正孔軸線位置方法加工，更因鉆頭剛性差、易變形，因此生產效率低且精度差。在批量生產中一般都采用鉆床夾具，鉆床夾具又稱鉆模，通過鉆套引導刀具進行加工可準確地確定刀具與工件之間的相對位置，是鉆模的主要特點。鉆削時，被加工孔的尺寸和精度主要由刀具本身的尺寸和精度來保證；而孔的位置精度則由鉆套在夾具上相對于定位元件的位置精度來確定。因為通過鉆套引導刀具進行加工，這就既可能提高刀具系統剛性，又能防止鉆頭引偏。關鍵詞：機械制造，通用夾具，專用夾具，鉆床夾具，齒輪泵，電動機章節標題2ABSTRCTAtthemachinemanufacturemachine-finishing,theexamination,theassembly,theweldingandtheheattreatmentandsooninthecoldhottechnologicalprocess,areusingthemassivejigs,withinstallstheprocessingobject,enableittoholdthecorrectposition,guaranteesthecomponentsandtheproductquality,andenhancementproductionefficiency.Processestheworkpiecewhentheenginebed,inordertoguaranteetheprocessingprecision,mustcorrectlyinstalltheworkpiece,causesitsrelativeenginebedcuttingformingmovementandthecuttingtoolholdsthecorrectposition,thisprocessiscalledthelocalization.ForbecauseofCuttingforce,inertialforce,exogenicprocessandsoonthegravityisnotdestroyedtheworkpiecealreadythecorrectpositionwhichdecides,butalsomustcertainlyexerttoitclampsthestrength,thisprocessiscalledclamps.Locatestheentireprocesswhichandclampstobecalledtheinstallment.Usesforontheenginebedtocompletetheworkpiecetoinstallthedutytheimportantcraftequipment,isineachkindofjigwidelyappliestheenginebedjig.Enginebedjigtypeverymany,among,theusescopebroadestgeneraljig,thespecificationsizearemanyhasstandardized,andhasthespecialtythefactorytocarryontheproduction.Butwidelyusesinthevolumeproduction,speciallyunitclampwhichservesforsomeworkpieceprocessingworkingprocedure,thenneedsvariousfactoriesindependentlytodesignthemanufactureaccordingtotheworkpieceprocessingcraft.Therefore,theunitclampdesignisanimportantproductionpreparatorywork,eachisengagedintheprocessingcrafttheworkclothesdesignpersonnel,allshouldgrasptheelementaryknowledgewhichtherelatedjigdesigns.Thisdesignmaincontentdesignsthedrillingmachinejig,needsthecountergearpumpsontheendcover2M8holeand114theholecarriesondrillstruncatestheprocessing.Inthearticleintroducedtheworkpieceinclampstheconcretecenterthelocatemode,locatesthepartandthedetentmechanismchoice,andclampstheorganizationthechoiceandthedesign.Themodernhighefficiencyjigmostlyusesmobileclamps,dividesaccordingtothestrengthsourcehasairoperated,thehydraulicpressure,thegasfluidunion,theelectricitytransmissionandsooncarriesonusingtheenginebedmovementtotheworkpiececlamps.Thesewayshaveclampthemovementquickly,clampsthestrengthtobestable,mayreducemeritandsoonworkerlaborintensity.Thisdesignselectsthepowerunitwhichtheelectricmotorachievementclamps,theutilizationmechanicalandelectricaltransmissioncontrolloopcontrolmotorthereverse,isprocessedinordertothecontrolthework3pieceintoclampconcreteonclamping.Inaddition,inthearticlehasalsocarriedonthesimpleprecisionanalysisandthecomputationtothejig.Onthemachinepartsoftenallhaseachkindofdifferentuseandthedifferentprecisionholeneedstoprocess.Inthemachine-finishing,theholeprocessloadaccountsfortheproportiontobebigger,drillbit,Expandingdrilling,Reamerandsoondecidesthesizecuttingtoolprocessingtooccupyquitemost.Bynow,besideshadtoguaranteetheholethesizeprecision,butalsohadtoachievetheholethepositionprecisionrequest.Inthesingleunitsmallvolumeproduction,afterdrawsalineadjuststheholespoolthreadpositionmethodprocessing,becausethedrillbitrigiditybad,iseasiertodistort,thereforetheproductionefficiencylowalsotheprecisionisbad.Generallyallusesthedrillingmachinejiginthevolumeproduction,thedrillingmachinejigcalls鉆模,throughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessingtobepossibleaccuratelytodeterminebetweenthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativeposition,is鉆模maincharacteristic.Drillswhentruncates,isprocessedtheholethesizeandtheprecisionmainlybythecuttingtoolitselfsizeandtheprecisionguaranteed；Buttheholepositionprecisionbydrillsthesettobephotogenicinthejigregardinglocatesthepartthepositionprecisiontodetermine.Becausethroughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessing,thisbothpossiblyenhancesthecuttingtoolsystemrigidity,andcanpreventthedrillbitdirects.Keywords:machinery,commonfixture,specialfixture,drillingfixture,gearpumps,motors目錄中文摘要.英文摘要.第1章緒論11.1機床夾具概述.1.2機床夾具的發展趨勢.1第2章工藝規程設計22.1制定工藝路線.22.1.1工藝方案一.32.2工藝方案二.3章節標題42.1.3最終工藝方案的確定.42.2機械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定.52.2.1機械加工余量、毛坯尺寸.52.2.2工序尺寸的確定.52.3切削用量計算.7第3章專用夾具設計113.1定位基準的選擇113.2定位誤差分析與計算.113.3夾緊力的計算.113.4夾具總體方案.133.5傳動裝置的設計.143.6夾緊裝置.153.7鉆套的選擇.163.8鉆模板的設計.173.9夾具體的