1、隧道工程 tunnel engineering隧道 tunnel鐵路隧道 ;鐵道隧道 railway tunnel公路隧道 highway tunnel地鐵隧道 subway tunnel; underground railway tunnel; metro tunnel人行隧道 pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞 ;輸水隧道 hydraulic tunnel山嶺隧道 mountain tunnel水下隧道 subaqueous tunnel海底隧道 ;水下隧道 submarine tunnel; underwater tunnel土質隧道 earth tunnel巖石隧道 rock

2、tunnel淺埋隧道 shallow tunnel; shallow-depth tunnel; shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel; deep-depth tunnel; deep burying tunnel偏壓隧道 unsymmetrical loading tunnel馬蹄形隧道 ;拱形隧道 horse-shoe tunnel; arch tunnel圓形隧道 circular tunnel矩形隧道 rectangular section tunnel大斷面隧道 large cross-section tunnel長隧道 long tunnel

3、雙線隧道 twin-track tunnel; double track tunnel曲線隧道 curved tunnel明洞 open tunnel; opencut tunnel; tunnel without cover; gallery隧道勘測 tunnel survey超前探測 drift boring工程地質勘測 ;工程地質勘探 engineering geological prospecting隧道測量 tunnel survey施工測量 construction survey斷面測量 section survey隧道設計 tunnel design隧道斷面 tunnel sec

4、tion安全系數 safety coefficient隧道力學 tunnel mechanics隧道結構 tunnel structure隧道洞口設施 facilities of tunnel portal邊墻 side wall拱頂 arch crown拱圈 tunnel arch仰拱 inverted arch底板 base plate;floor隧道埋深 depth of tunnel隧道群 tunnel group隧道施工 tunnel construction隧道開挖 tunnel excavation分部開挖 partial excavation大斷面開挖 large cross-

5、section excavation全斷面開挖 full face tunnelling開挖面 excavated surface隧道施工方法 tunnel construction method鉆爆法 drilling and blasting method新奧法 natm;new austrian tunnelling method盾構法 shield driving method;shield method頂進法 pipe jacking method;jack-in method淺埋暗挖法 sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法 cut and cover

6、 tunneling;opencut method地下連續墻法 underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method凍結法 freezing method沉埋法 immersed tube method管棚法 pipe-shed method綜合機械化掘進 comprehensive mechanized excavation輔助坑道 auxiliary adit;service gallery平行坑道 parallel adit豎井 shaft斜井 sloping shaft;inclined shaft導坑 heading襯砌工

7、藝 lining process噴錨 ;錨噴 anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray管段 tube section接縫 joint地層加固 reinforcing of natural ground棄碴 ballast piling施工監控 construction monitor control超挖 overbreak欠挖 underbreak施工進度 construction progress隧道貫通 tunnel holing-through工期 work period隧道施工機械 tunnel construction machinery隧道掘進機 tu

8、nnelling machine;tunnel boring machine;tbm單臂掘進機 single cantilever tunnelling machine全斷面掘進機 full face tunnel boring machine隧道鉆眼爆破機械 machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation裝碴運輸機械 loading-conveying ballast equipment襯砌機械 lining mechanism鋼模板 steel form模板臺車 formworking jumbo混凝土噴射機 ;砼噴射機 concret

9、e sprayer盾構 shield泥水盾構 slurry shield氣壓盾構 air pressure shield擠壓閉胸盾構 shotcrete closed shield土壓平衡盾構 soil pressure balancing shield注漿機械 grouting machine鑿巖機 rock drilling machine;air hammer drill鑿巖臺車 drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo圍巖 surrounding rock圍巖分類 surrounding rock classification圍巖加固 surrounding ro

10、ck consolidation圍巖穩定 surrounding rock stability圍巖應力 surrounding rock stress圍巖壓力 pressure of surrounding rock山體壓力 ;圍巖壓力 ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure圍巖變形 surrounding rock deformation圍巖破壞 surrounding rock failure軟弱圍巖 weak surrounding rock支護 support錨噴支護 anchor bolt-spray support錨桿支護 anchor

11、bolt-support;anchor bolt support噴射混凝土支護 ;噴射砼支護 shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support配筋噴射混凝土支護 ;配筋噴射砼支護 reinforced sprayed concrete support鋼架噴射混凝土支護 ;鋼架噴射砼支護 rigid-frame shotcrete support掘進工作面支護 excavation face support超前支護 advance support管棚支護 pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support膠結型錨桿 adhesive

12、anchor bolt砂漿錨桿 mortar bolt樹脂錨桿 resin anchored bolt摩擦型錨桿 friction anchor bolt楔縫式錨桿 slit wedge type rock bolt漲殼式錨桿 expansion type anchor bolt機械型錨桿 mechanical anchor bolt預應力錨桿 prestressed anchor bolt土層錨桿 soil bolt巖石錨桿 rock bolt襯砌 lining整體式襯砌 integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼裝式襯砌 precast lining組合

13、襯砌 composite lining擠壓混凝土襯砌 ;擠壓砼襯砌 shotcrete tunnel lining;extruding concrete tunnel lining混凝土襯砌 ;砼襯砌 concrete lining噴錨襯砌 shotcrete and bolt lining;shotcrete bolt lining隧道通風 tunnel ventilation施工通風 construction ventilation運營通風 operation ventilation機械通風 mechanical ventilation自然通風 natural ventilation隧道射

14、流式通風 ;隧道射流通風 efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation隧道通風簾幕 curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain通風設備 ventilation equipment隧道照明 tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting照明設備 lighting equipment隧道防水 tunnel waterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel防水板

15、waterproofing board;waterproof board;waterproof sheet防水材料 waterproof material隧道排水 tunnel drainage排水設備 drainage facilites隧道病害 tunnel defect襯砌裂損 lining split;lining *ing隧道漏水 water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak坍方 landslide;slip地面塌陷 land yielding涌水 gushing water隧道養護 tunnel maintenance堵漏 leaking stoppage

16、注漿 grouting化學注漿 chemical grouting防寒 cold-proof整治 regulation限界檢查 clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement隧道管理系統 tunnelling management system隧道環境 tunnel environment隧道試驗 ;隧道實驗 tunnel test試驗段 ;實驗段 test section隧道監控量測 ;隧道監控測量 tunnel monitoring measurement收斂 convergence隧道安全 t

17、unnel safety隧道防火 tunnel fire proofing火災 fire hazard消防 fire fighting隧道防災設施 tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment報警裝置 ;報警器 alarming device;warning device通過隧道 passing tunnel避車洞 refuge hole避難洞 ;避車洞 refuge recess;refuge hole電氣化鐵道工程 ;電氣化鐵路工程 electrified railway construction電氣

18、化鐵道 ;電氣化鐵路 electrified railway直流電氣化鐵道 dc electrified railway交流電氣化鐵道 ;交流電氣化鐵路 a.c.electrification railway低頻電氣化鐵道 low frequency electrified railway工頻電氣化鐵道 ;工頻電氣化鐵路 industry frequency electrified railway電壓制 voltage system電流制 current system核子密度濕度測定 determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承載板測定 determ

19、ination of bearing slab of subgrade預留沉落量 reserve settlement； settlement allowance反壓護道 berm with superloading； berm for back pressure； counter swelling berm石灰砂樁 lime sand pile換土 change soil； soil replacement爆破排淤 blasting discharging sedimentation； silt arresting by explosion； discharge of sedimentati

20、on by blasting拋石擠淤 throwing stones to packing sedimentation； packing sedimentation by throwing stones； packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路塹石方爆破 rock cutting blasting； rock blasting in cut定向爆破 directional blasting淺孔爆破 shallow hole blasting深孔爆破 deep hole blasting洞室藥包爆破 chamber explosive packag

21、e blasting； chamher blasting揚棄爆破 abandoned blasting； abandonment blasting拋擲爆破 pin-point blasting松動爆破 blasting for loosening rock藥壺爆破 pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破 adobe blasting； contact blasting路塹邊坡 cutting slope； side slope of cut塹頂 top of cutting slope； top of cutting路塹平臺 platform of cutting； berm in c

22、utting棄土堆 waste bank； bankette； spoil bank擋土墻 retaining wall鐵路施工常用英文詞匯1重力式擋土墻 gravity retaining wall衡重式擋土墻 balance weight retaining wall； gravity retaining wall with relieving platform； balanced type retaining wall錨定板擋土墻 anchored retaining wall by tie rods； anchored bulkhead retaining wall； anchored

23、 plate retaining wall加筋土擋土墻 reinforced earth retaining wall； reinforced soil retaining wall錨桿擋墻 anchored bolt retaining wall； anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱擋墻 cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井擋墻 caisson retaining wall抗滑樁 anti-slide pile； counter-sliding pile護墻 guard walltielu 鐵路施工護坡 slope

24、protection； revertment； pitching排水溝 weep drain； drainage ditch； drain ditch邊溝；側溝 side ditch天溝 gutter； overhead ditch； intercepting ditch吊溝 suspended ditch跌水 hydraulic drop截水溝 intercepting ditch； catch-drain急流槽 chute排水槽 drainage channel滲水暗溝 blind drain滲水隧洞 leak tunnel； permeable tunnel； drainage tunn

25、el滲井 leaching well； seepage well滲管 leaky pipe平孔排水 horizontal hole drainage反濾層 reverse filtration layer； inverted filter； protective filter檢查井 inspection well； manhole砂井；排水砂井 sand drain隔斷層 insulating course； insulating layer透水路堤 pervious embankment； permeable embankment滲水路堤 immerseable embankment排水砂墊

26、層 sand filled drainage layer； drainage sand blanker坡面防護 slope protection護岸 revetment； shore protection導流堤 diversion dike攔石墻 stone cut off wall； stone falling wall； buttree落石槽 stone falling channel； trough for catching falling rocks柴排 firewood raft； mattress； willow fascine固沙造林 stabilization for sand

27、s by afforestation擋風墻 wind-break wall防風柵欄 wind break fence砂土液化 sand liquefaction中-活載 CR-live loading； China railway standard loading橋梁標準活載 standard live load for bridge橋梁荷載譜 bridge load spectrum換算均布活載 equivalent uniform live load設計荷載 design load主力 principal load恒載 dead load土壓力 earth load靜水壓力 hydrost

28、atic pressure浮力 buoyancy列車活載 live load of train列車離心力 centrifugal force of train列車沖擊力；沖擊荷載 impact force of train沖擊系數 ceofficient of impact人行道荷載 sidewalk loading附加力 subsidiary load； secondary load列車制動力 braking force of train列車牽引力 tractive force of train風荷載 wind load列車橫向搖擺力 lateral swaying force of tra

29、in流水壓力 pressure of water flow冰壓力 ice pressure凍脹力 frost heaving force特殊荷載 particular load船只或排筏的撞擊力 collision force of ship or raft地震力 seismic force地震烈度 earthquake intensity地震震級 earthquake magnitude施工荷載 constructional loading荷載組合 loading conbination鐵路橋 railway bridge公鐵兩用橋 combined bridge； combined hig

30、hway and railway bridge； combined rail-cum-road bridge跨線橋；立交橋 overpass bridge； grade separation bridge； flyover高架橋 viaduct旱橋 dry bridge人行橋 foot bridge； pedestrian bridge圬工橋 masonry bridge鋼橋 steel bridge鉚接鋼橋 riveted steel bridge栓焊鋼橋 bolted and welded steel bridge全焊鋼橋 all welded steel bridge摩擦結合式高強度螺栓

31、 high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高強度螺栓 torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手 bolt wrench with indicator混凝土橋 concrete bridge鋼筋混凝土橋 reinforced concrete bridge預應力混凝土橋 prestressed concrete bridge先張法預應力梁 pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后張法預應力梁 post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分預應力混凝

32、土橋 partially prestressed concrete bridge結合梁橋 composite beam bridge低高度梁 shallow girder無碴無枕梁 girder without ballast and sleeper型鋼混凝土梁；勁性骨架混凝土梁 girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete； skeleton reinforced concrete girder簡支梁橋 simply supported beam bridge連續梁橋 continuous beam bridge懸臂梁橋 canti

33、lever beam bridge板橋 slab bridge空心板橋 hollow slab bridge板梁 plate girder工形梁 I-beam箱形梁 box girder槽形梁 trough girder桁架 truss拆裝式桁架 demountable truss剛架橋；剛構橋 rigid frame bridge斜腿剛架橋；斜腿剛構橋 strutted beam bridge； slant-legged rigid frame bridge懸板橋；懸帶橋 stressed ribbon bridge懸索橋；吊橋 suspension bridge斜拉橋 cable-stay

34、ed bridge浮橋 pontoon bridge； floating bridge； bateau bridge拱橋 arch bridge固端拱；無鉸拱 fixed-end arch雙鉸拱 two-hinged arch三鉸拱 three-hinged arch實腹拱 spandrel-filled arch； solid-spandrel arch空腹拱 open-spandrel arch雙曲拱 two-way curved arch； cross-curved arch系桿拱；柔性系桿剛性拱 tied arch榔格爾式橋；剛性系桿柔性拱橋 Langer bridge； flexib

35、le arch bridge with rigid tie洛澤式橋；直懸桿式剛性拱剛性梁橋 Lohse bridge； rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders 尼爾森橋 Nielsen systen bridge尼爾森式駱澤梁橋；斜懸桿式剛性拱梁橋 Nielsen type Lhse bridge； rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活動橋 movable bridge豎旋橋 bascule bridge平旋橋 swing bridge升降橋

36、lift bridge正交橋 right bridge斜交橋 skew bridge曲線橋 curved bridge曲梁 curved beam特大橋 super maior bridge大橋 major bridge中橋 medium bridge小橋 minor bridge單線橋 single track bridge雙線橋 double track bridge多線橋 multi-track bridge正橋； 主橋 main bridge引橋 approach spans上承式橋 deck bridge半穿式橋；中承式 half through bridge； midheight

37、deck bridge下承式橋 through bridge雙層橋 double-deck bridge永久性橋 permanent bridge臨時性橋；便橋 temporary bridge跨徑；跨度 span凈跨 clear spam橋梁全長 overall length of bridge橋下凈空 underneath clearance主梁中心距 center to center distance between main girder節間長度 panel length梁高 depth of girder拱度 camber撓度 deflection節間 panel錨跨；錨孔 anch

38、or span懸跨；吊孔 suspended span橋梁上部結構 superstructure腹板 web plate翼緣 flange翼緣板 flange plate弦桿 chord member腹桿 web member斜桿 diagonal member豎桿 vertical member吊桿 suspender hanger加勁桿 stiffener節點 panel point節點板 gusset plate拼接板 splice plate綴條 lacing bar綴板 stay plate； tie plate側向水平聯結系 lateral bracing橫聯 sway braci

39、ng制動撐架 braking bracing橋門架 portal frame縱梁 stringer橫梁 floor beam； transverse beam橋面系 floor system端橫梁 end floor beam起重橫梁 jacking floor beam梁端緩沖梁 auxiliary girder for controlling angle change應變時效 strain ageing碳當量 carbon equivalent鋼絲 steel wire鋼絲束 bundled steel wires鋼絞線 steel strand鋼筋 reinforcement； stee

40、l bar箍筋 stirrup縱向鋼筋 longitudinal reinforcement彎起鋼筋 bent-up bar架立鋼筋 erection bar構造鋼筋 constructional reinforcement預應力筋 tendon套管 sheath梁腋 haunch拱圈 arch ring拱肋 arch rib拱頂 rach crown拱矢 rise of arch起拱點 springing拱腹 soffit拱腹線 intrados拱背錢 extrados橋塔 bridge tower； pylon索平面 cable plane纜索 cable斜纜 stay cable； in

41、clined cable吊纜 suspension cable索鞍 cable saddle索夾 cable band； cable clamp錨座 socket錨碇 anchorage明橋面 open deck； ballastless deck； open floor橋梁道碴槽 ballast trough道碴橋面 ballasted deck； ballasted floor橋梁護軌 guard rall of bridge橋梁護木 guard timber of bridge橋枕 bridge tie； bridge sleeper橋上人行道 sidewalk on bridge步行板

42、 foot plank避車臺 refuge platform伸縮縫 expansion joint正交異性板 orthotropic plate欄桿 railing； handrail； handrailing瀉水孔 drainage opening直結軌道 track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪連接件；抗剪結合件 shear connector支座 bearing固定支座 fixed bearing活動支座 expension bearing； movable bearing平板支座 plate bearing搖軸芝座 rocker bearin

43、g滾軸支座 roller bearing球面支座 spherical bearing板式橡膠支座 laminated rubber bearing盆式橡膠支座 pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座 poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing； PTFE bearing渦流激振 wortex-excited oscillation弛振 galloping顫振 flutter擾流板 spoiler風嘴 wind fairing橋梁自振周期 natural vibration period of bridge浮運架橋法 bridge erection by fl

44、oating架橋機架設法 erection by bridge girder erecting equipment頂推式架設法 erection by incremental launching拖拉架設法 launching method贗架式架設法 erection with scaffolding懸臂架設法 catilever erection； erection by protrusion懸臂灌注法 cast-in-place cantilever construction； free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended form

45、work懸臂拼裝法 cantilevered assembling constrution； free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete 預制混凝土構件 precast concrete units； precast concrete members活動模架逐跨施工法 segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller橋梁合龍 closure就地貫注法 cast-in-place method； cast-in-situ method活動吊籃 travelli

46、ng cradle頂進法 jack-in method旋轉法施工；轉體施工 erection by swing method液壓式張拉千斤頂 hydraulic tensioning jack橋梁下部結構 substructure橋臺 abutment重力式橋臺 gravity abutment埋置式橋臺 buried abutment錨定板式橋臺 anchor slab abutmentU形橋臺 U-shaped abutment耳墻式橋臺 abutment with cantilevered retaining wall臺身 abutment body前墻 front wall臺帽 abu

47、tment coping翼墻 wing wall錐體護坡 quadrant revetment； truncated cone banking臺后填方 filling behind abutment橋墩 pier空心橋墩 hollow pier實體橋墩 solid pier重力式橋墩 gravity pier柔性橋墩 flexible pier拼裝式橋墩 assembly pier； pier constructed with precast units制動墩 braking pier柱式橋墩 column pierV形橋墩 V-shaped pier圓端形橋墩 round-ended pie

48、r圓形橋墩 circular pier矩形橋墩 rectangular pier排架式橋墩 pile bent pier墩身 pier body； pier shaft墩帽 pier coping圍欄 railing around coping of pier or abutment承臺 bearing platform破冰體 ice apron； ice-breaking cutwater； ice guard地基 foundation； foundation soil； subgrade加固地基 improved foundation； improved ground天然地基 natura

49、l foundation； natural ground橋梁基礎 bridge foundation擴大基礎 spread foundation明挖基礎 open-cut foundation； open excavation foundation沉井基礎 open caisson foundation浮式沉井基礎 floating caisson foundation沉井刃腳 cutting edge of open caisson圍堰 cofferdam雙壁鋼圍堰鉆孔基礎 double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation預制鋼殼鉆孔基礎 prefab

50、ricated steel shell bored foundation泥漿套沉井法 slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空氣幕沉井法 air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基礎 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基礎 tubular column foundation樁基礎 pile foundation預制樁 precast pile就地灌注樁 cast-in-place concrete pile； cast-in-situ concrete pile螺旋噴射樁 auger i

51、njected pile摩擦樁 friction pile支承樁 bearing pile鉆孔樁 bored pile挖孔樁 dug pile鋼樁 steel pile鋼管樁 steel pipe pile鋼板樁 steel sheet pile板樁 sheet pile木樁 timber pile鋼筋混凝土樁 reinforced concrete pile砂樁 sand pile擠密砂樁 sand conpaction pile流砂 quick sand； drift sand送樁 pile follower試樁 test pile斜樁 batter pile； raking pile；

52、spur pile護筒 pile casting重錘夯實法 heavy tamping method灰土換填夯實法 mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土 underwater concreting； concreting with tremie method導流建筑物 regulating structure丁壩；挑水壩 spur dike順壩 longitudinal dam河床鋪砌 river bed paving碼頭 wharf排架 bent腳手架 scaffold懸空腳手架 hanging stage； hanging s

53、caffold鐵路涵洞 railway culvert涵洞孔徑 aperture of culvert管涵 pipe culvert箱涵 box culvert拱涵 arch culvert蓋板涵 slab culvert無壓力涵洞 inlet unsubmerged culvert壓力式涵洞 outlet submerged culvert半壓力式涵洞 inlet submerged culvert明渠 open channel； open ditch； open drain倒虹吸管 inverted siphon潮汐河流 tidal river淤積 silting； siltation流冰

54、 ice drift鐵路輪渡 railway car ferries輪渡站 ferry station輪渡棧橋 ferry trestle bridge渡輪 ferry boat輪渡引線；輪渡斜引道 ferry slip鐵路隧道 railway tunnel山嶺隧道 mountain tunnel越嶺隧道 over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道 subaqueous tunnel； underwater tunnel地鐵隧道 subway tunne； underground railway tunnel淺埋隧道 shallow tunnel； shallow-d

55、epth tunnel； shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel； deep-depth tunnel； deep burying tunnel單線隧道 single track tunnel雙線隧道 double track tunnel多線隧道 multiple track tunnel車站隧道 station tunnel地鐵車站 subway station； metro station特長隧道 super long tunnel長隧道 long tunnel中長隧道 medium tunnel短隧道 short tunnel隧道群 tunnel

56、group地鐵工程 subway engineering； metro engineering洞口 tunne ladit； tunnel opening隧道進口 tunnel entrance隧道出口 tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡 front slope洞門 tunnel portal洞門框 tunnel portal frame端墻式洞門 end wall tunnel portal柱式洞門 post tunnel portal翼墻式洞門 wing wall tunnel portal耳墻式洞門 ear wall tunnel portal臺階式洞門 bench tunnel portal正洞門 orthonormal