新疆維吾爾自治區2024年普通高考第一次適應性檢測英語(卷面分值：150分考試時間：120分鐘)注意事項：1.本試卷共12頁。答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準確粘貼在條形碼區域內。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整，筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號順序在各題目的答題區域內作答，超出答題區域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。4.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、不要弄破、弄皺，不準使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Atwhattimedidthebasketballmatchstart?A.7:50.B.7:30.C.7:20.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomanshouldfacethefact.B.Thephoneconversationisbetter.C.Theyshouldtalktoeachotherinperson.3.Whatdidthewomansayabouttheskirts?A.Theyweresoldout.B.Theywerevalueformoney.C.Theywereverywelldesigned.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthebus.B.Inthestore.C.Atthebusstop.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Birthdaygifts.B.Doingexercise.C.Runningshoes.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7題。6.Whenwillthemanleavethehospital?A.Tomorrow.B.Intwodays.C.Inaweek.7.Whatdoesthemanthankthewomanfor?A.Seeinghimoff.B.Pickinghimup.C.Payingavisittohim.聽第7段材料，回答8～10題。8.Whatisthemanmostinterestedin?A.Playingthepiano.B.Playingtheviolin.C.Listeningtoclassicalmusic.9.Whathobbydothespeakersshare?A.Goingtoconcerts.B.Listeningtopopmusic.C.Playingmusicalinstruments.10.Howwillthespeakersimprovetheirtheoryofmusic?A.Byturningtotheman’suncleforadvice.B.Bypracticingplayingmusiceveryday.C.Byexchangingexperiencewitheachother.聽第8段材料，回答11～13題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthestore.B.Attheairport.C.Atthepolicestation.12.Whatarethesesmallerboxesaccordingtotheman?A.Somefoodforthetravel.B.Somegiftsforhisparents.C.Somegiftsforhisfriends.13.Howwillthemanchoosetodealwiththesmallboxes?A.Givethemup.B.Givethemtoothers.C.Getthembackin30days.聽第9段材料，回答14～17題。14.Wheredidthefamilyspendthenightattheseaside?A.Inahotel.B.Intheopenair.C.Inafisherman’shouse.15.Whatwastheweatherlikeattheseaside?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.16.Whatdidthefamilydointhefishermen’shouses?A.Theyhadtea.B.Theycookedmeals.C.Theyplayedgames.17Whydidthemanjuststayathomeduringtheweekend?A.Becausethemanwasverytired.B.Becausetheweatherwasterrible.C.Becausethemanhadalotofthingstodo.聽第10段材料，回答18～20題。18.Whatdidtheyoungmanasktheartisttotellhim?A.Howtobeefamous.B.Howtoearnmuchmoney.C.Howtopaintsomanypictures.19.Whywastheyoungmanpuzzledafterhearingtheartist’swords?A.Becausehewoulddieafterhewasfamous.B.Becausehewouldbefamousbeforehedied.C.Becausehewouldneverbefamousuntilhedied.20.Whatdoesthestorytellus?A.Apersonneedshighspirit.B.Oneshouldn’tdreamofbeingfamous.C.Onlybyhardworkcanone’swishetrue.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAncientChineseworeclothingthatwaslighterandthinnerthanmodernimaginationscanreach.LetusexploresomeexamplesofsummerclothingfromancientChina.ShaGownAshagownunearthedfromHanTombNo.1atMawangduiin1972,istheearliest,mostwellpreservedandthinnestdressintheworld.Theplaingown,“thinasacicadawing”and“lightassmoke”,weighs49grams.Itisonly25gwiththesleeveopeningsandcollarremovedandcanbefoldedintoamatchbox.ThispiecerepresentsthehighestlevelofearlyHaninsilkreelingandfabricmanufacture.LuoRobeWellsuitedforthehumidsouthernregionsofChina,luohaslargerholesinthefabricparedwithsha,makingitmorelightweightandbreathable.FromtheHanDynastytotheTangandSongDynasties,luowasmainlyusedfortheclothingofthenobility,andonlyofficialsoffifthrankorhigherwerepermittedtoweargarmentsmadeofthematerial.GeClothesSilkfabricssuchasshaandluowerehighlyvaluedandconsideredluxuriousformonpeople.However,resourcefulindividualsdiscoveredamethodtouseplantfibersthoughwithsomeweightforclothingproduction,significantlyreducingthecostofsummergarments.GerepresentstheearliestuseofnaturalfiberasfabricinChina.MaClothesAmongthefabricsusedforsummerclothinginancienttimes,geclothwasknownforitsqualityandaffordability.However,fabricmadefromtheherbaceousplant“ma”offeredanevenbetterbinationofqualityandcosteffectiveness.SincetheHanDynasty,mahasbeencultivatedonalargescale,makingtheclothinexpensive.Itisbreathableandeasytodye,makingitamonlyusedfabricforsummerclothing.1.Whichofthefollowingwereintendedfortopofficials?A.ShaGown. B.LuoRobe. C.GeClothes. D.MaClothes.2.WhatadvantagedidMaClotheshaveoverGeClothes?A.Convenience. B.Price. C.Technology. D.Weight.3.Whatdothefourclotheshaveinmon?A.Theyhelpedancientpeoplebeatthesummerheat. B.Theysymbolizedtheearliestfabricmanufacture.C.Theysatisfiedpeople’sneedforquality. D.Theywereaffordabletomonpeople.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了古代中國人幾種夏季對抗炎熱穿著服飾。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“FromtheHanDynastytotheTangandSongDynasties,luowasmainlyusedfortheclothingofthenobility,andonlyofficialsoffifthrankorhigherwerepermittedtoweargarmentsmadeofthematerial.(從漢代到唐宋，羅主要用于貴族的服裝，只有五級以上的官員才被允許穿著由這種材料制成的服裝。)”可知，羅只有五級或五級以上的官員的服飾才可使用這種材料，故選B。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“However,fabricmadefromtheherbaceousplant“ma”offeredanevenbetterbinationofqualityandcosteffectiveness.SincetheHanDynasty,mahasbeencultivatedonalargescale,makingtheclothinexpensive.(然而，由草本植物“麻”制成的織物提供了質量和成本效益的更好結合。自漢代以來，麻被大規模種植，使布料便宜。)”可知，麻在價格上更具有優勢。故選B。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“AncientChineseworeclothingthatwaslighterandthinnerthanmodernimaginationscanreach.LetusexploresomeexamplesofsummerclothingfromancientChina.(古代中國人穿的衣服比現代人想象的要薄得多。讓我們來看看中國古代夏裝的一些例子。)”及每種服飾的介紹可知，這四種服飾都是古代中國人夏季為了對抗炎熱所穿著的服飾，故選A。BAnIndianamanorderedaSausageMcMuffinathislocalMcDonald’sandgotmuchmorethanheexpected.OnJanuary6,TikTokuserJosiahVargas,aka@dookiedoeboy,sharedavideodetailinghistriptoaMcDonald’sdrivethroughinElkhart,Indianathatresultedinhimreceivingmuchmorethanheordered.Inthevideo,whichhasattractedover2.3millionviews,Vargasisshockedbywhathefindsinhistogobaginsteadofbreakfast:thousandsofdollars.“Why?There’sacouplethousanddollarshere,”Vargassays,holdingupabaggiefullof$20bills.“Like,whywouldtheydothis?Whywouldtheygivethistome?”VargastooktoTikToktosharehisshockingdiscovery,knowingthathecouldeasilytakethemoneyandleavetheMcDonald’sworkersinquiteabind.But,ultimately,hesaysheknowswhatheneedstodo.“NowIhavetoreturnitbecauseI’magoodperson,Iguess,”Vargassays,puttingthemoneybackinthebag.“Howinteresting!”Afterhewalksintothestore,hegivesthebagtoaworkerattheregister.Theworkerrealizeshe’sreturningthecashtheyhadbeenlookingfor.AmidalltherelievedreactionsfromstaffthatcanbeheardfromMcDonald’sstaff,oneemployeeasksiftheycouldgivehimahug—whichheaccepts.Backinthecar,Vargasreflectsonhisgooddeed.“Theywerejustallhuggingmeandthankingme,”hesays.“WhenIwasdrivingaway,theycalledmebackin.Theygaveme$200aswellasfreeMcDonald’sforamonth.”TheTikTokendswithVargassharingwhathebelievestobethemoralofthestory.“Dogood,people.Returned$5,000,got$200andfreeMcDonald’sforamonth,”hesays.“GoodtradevalueandmaybeaviralTikTok.”4.WhywasJanuary6aspecialdayforJosiahVargas?A.HisvideoviewsrankedtopinTikTok. B.Hisbagwastakenbyothersbymistake.C.Hewasgivenalotofmoneyunexpectedly. D.HewasawardedabigprizebyMcDonald’s.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“inquiteabind”inparagraph4mean?A.Inserioustrouble. B.Atgreatease.C.Withextremecaution. D.Understrictcontrol.6.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeJosiahVargas?A.Responsibleandgenerous. B.Considerateandhonest.C.Confidentandhumorous. D.Curiousandlucky.7.Whatmessagedoesthetexttrytoconvey?A.Everymanhashisprice. B.Moneyisnoteverything.C.Detailsdeterminesuccess. D.Onegoodturndeservesanother.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，美國印第安納州一名男子在當地的一家麥當勞點了一份外帶腸粉，結果餐袋里是5000美元。經過思考他選擇歸還這筆錢。他得到了麥當勞員工的感謝，獲得200美元和一個月免費麥當勞的回饋。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“OnJanuary6,TikTokuserJosiahVargas,aka@dookiedoeboy,sharedavideodetailinghistriptoaMcDonald’sdrivethroughinElkhart,Indianathatresultedinhimreceivingmuchmorethanheordered.Inthevideo,whichhasattractedover2.3millionviews,Vargasisshockedbywhathefindsinhistogobaginsteadofbreakfast:thousandsofdollars.(1月6日，抖音用戶JosiahVargas（又名@dookiedoeboy）分享了一段視頻，詳細描述了他在印第安納州埃爾克哈特的一家麥當勞得來速餐廳的旅行，結果他收到的東西比他點的要多得多。這段視頻吸引了超過230萬的點擊量。在視頻中，巴爾加斯驚訝地發現，他的外帶包里沒有早餐，而是數千美元。)”.可知，在他拿餐袋時，店員誤將裝有幾千元的餐袋給了他，故C項正確。【5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據文章第四段中“workers...ktoTikToktosharehisshockingdiscovery,knowingthathecouldeasilytakethemoneyandleavetheMcDonald’sworkers...(巴爾加斯在TikTok上分享了他令人震驚的發現，他知道他可以輕易地拿走錢，讓麥當勞的員工……)”可知，Vargas可以把錢拿走，但同時店員丟失這么一大筆錢肯定會處于非常麻煩的境地。A.Inserioustrouble遇到了嚴重的麻煩；B.Atgreatease非常輕松；C.Withextremecaution極其謹慎；D.Understrictcontrol嚴格控制。故A項正確。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“VargastooktoTikToktosharehisshockingdiscovery,knowingthathecouldeasilytakethemoneyandleavetheMcDonald’sworkersinquiteabind.But,ultimately,hesaysheknowswhatheneedstodo.(巴爾加斯在TikTok上分享了他令人震驚的發現，他知道他可以輕易地拿走錢，讓麥當勞的員工陷入困境。但最終，他說他知道自己需要做什么。)”和第五段““NowIhavetoreturnitbecauseI’magoodperson,Iguess,”Vargassays,puttingthemoneybackinthebag.“Howinteresting!”(“我想，現在我必須把錢還回去，因為我是個好人，”巴爾加斯說著，把錢放回了袋子里。“多么有趣！”)”可知，Vargas在拿到錢時，考慮到店員的困境，經過思考最終將錢歸還可知Vargas非常誠實并且善解人意，故B項正確。7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“andfreeMcDonald’sforamonth,”hesays.“GoodtradevalueandmaybeaviralTikTok.”(在TikTok的結尾，巴爾加斯分享了他認為是這個故事的寓意。“做好事吧，人們。退回5000美元，得到200美元和一個月免費的麥當勞，”他說。“很有交易價值，可能在TikTok傳播。”)”可知，Varga歸還錢后不僅收到了麥當勞員工的感謝，200美元還得到了一個月免費的麥當勞回饋，可知文章所傳遞的就是“善有善報”的理念。故D項正確。CResearchindicatesthatTaiChi,atraditionalChineseexercisethatbinesslow,gentlemovementswithdeepbreathingandrelaxation,mayprovidelongtermrelieffromParkinson’sdiseasesymptoms.Thosewhopractisedthemartialarttwiceaweekhadfewerplications(并發癥)andbetterqualityoflifethanthosewhodidn’t,theresearcherssay.Parkinson’sisaprogressivebraindiseasecharacterizedbyslownessofmovement,tremors(顫抖),andstiffandinflexiblemuscles.Itisthefastestgrowingneurologicalconditionintheworld,withthenumberofthoseaffectedprojectedtoreachnearly5millionby2030inChinaalone.IntheUK2peoplearediagnosedwiththediseaseeveryhour.Sofar,therehasbeennocureforParkinson’s.PreviouslypublishedresearchsuggeststhatTaiChieasesParkinson’ssymptomsintheshortterm,butwhetherthisimprovementcanbemaintainedoverthelongtermisn’tknown.Thenewstudy,fromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitySchoolofMedicine,monitoredthehealthofhundredsofParkinson’spatientsforuptofiveyears.Onegroupof147peoplepractisedregularTaiChiwhileanothergroupof187didnot.TheresearchersfoundthatthediseaseprogressedmoreslowlyintheTaiChigrouponmeasurementsofsymptoms,movementandbalance.Thisgroupalsosawfewerfalls,lessbackpainanddizziness,withmemoryandconcentrationproblemsalsolowerthanintheothergroup.Atthesametime,sleepandqualityoflifecontinuouslyimproved.However,thisisanobservationalstudy,whichcan’testablishcauseandeffect.Andtheresearchersacknowledgethatthenumberofstudyparticipantswasrelativelysmall.ProfAlastairNoyce,professorinneurologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,calledit“animportantstudy”butsaidtherewerelimitationsinitsdesign,andmoretrialswereneeded.ProfKRayChaudhuri,professorofmovementdisordersandneurologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,said,“Itistooearlytoclaimanyneuroprotectionbasedonthisstudy,althoughthepositiveeffectsonaspectsofmotorandnonmotorfunctionsareimpressive.”8.WhatdoweknowaboutParkinson’s?A.It’sseverebutcurablenow. B.Itmayleadtoalowqualitylife.C.It’smoremoninChinathanintheUK. D.It’sthefastestgrowingdiseaseintheworld.9.Whatisthenewstudydifferentfromthepreviousone?A.Itcoversmoreaspectsofthedisease.B.Itcollectsdatafrommorestudyparticipants.C.ItfocusesonthelongtermeffectofTaiChionParkinson’s.D.ItfirstprovesthepositiveeffectTaiChihasonParkinson’s.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6?A.Theresultsofthestudyarenotclear.B.Theresearchersareunawareoftheproblemsofthestudy.C.Themethodsthattheresearchersuseinthestudyareinappropriate.D.ThestudygiveshopetoParkinson’spatientsthoughwithitslimitations.11.WhatisProfKRayChaudhuri’sattitudetowardstheconclusionofthenewstudy?A.Disapproving. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Objective.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個新的研究發現，規律性的練太極拳可以抑制帕金森病的進展。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“Parkinson’sisaprogressivebraindiseasecharacterizedbyslownessofmovement,tremors(顫抖),andstiffandinflexiblemuscles.(帕金森氏癥是一種進行性腦部疾病，其特征是運動緩慢、震顫、肌肉僵硬和不靈活。)”可知，患有帕金森病，會影響生活質量。故B項正確。【9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“PreviouslypublishedresearchsuggeststhatTaiChieasesParkinson’ssymptomsintheshortterm,butwhetherthisimprovementcanbemaintainedoverthelongtermisn’tknown.(先前發表的研究表明，太極拳在短期內緩解了帕金森病的癥狀，但這種改善能否長期保持尚不清楚。)”可知，之前的研究表明太極可以在短期內緩解帕金森的癥狀、從第四段中“Thenewstudy,fromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitySchoolofMedicine,monitoredthehealthofhundredsofParkinson’spatientsforuptofiveyears(上海交通大學醫學院的這項新研究對數百名帕金森患者的健康狀況進行了長達五年的監測。)”可知，新的研究對數百名帕金森患者的健康狀況進行了長達五年的監測，所以新研究關注的是太極拳對帕金森氏癥的長期影響。故C項正確。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第五段“TheresearchersfoundthatthediseaseprogressedmoreslowlyintheTaiChigrouponmeasurementsofsymptoms,movementandbalance.Thisgroupalsosawfewerfalls,lessbackpainanddizziness,withmemoryandconcentrationproblemsalsolowerthanintheothergroup.Atthesametime,sleepandqualityoflifecontinuouslyimproved.(研究人員發現，在癥狀、運動和平衡的測量中，太極拳組的疾病進展得更慢。與另一組相比，這一組摔倒、背痛和頭暈的情況也更少，記憶力和注意力問題也更少。同時，睡眠和生活質量不斷提高。)”可知，帕金森患者練太極后在摔倒、身體疼痛、頭暈、記憶力、注意力、睡眠、生活質量等方面都有一定改善，說明練太極給帕金森患者帶來了希望、第六段“However,thisisanobservationalstudy,whichcan’testablishcauseandeffect.Andtheresearchersacknowledgethatthenumberofstudyparticipantswasrelativelysmall.(然而，這是一項觀察性研究，不能確定因果關系。研究人員承認，參與研究的人數相對較少。)”說明這項研究還是有一定局限性。故D項正確。11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“ProfKRayChaudhuri,professorofmovementdisordersandneurologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,said,“Itistooearlytoclaimanyneuroprotectionbasedonthisstudy,althoughthepositiveeffectsonaspectsofmotorandnonmotorfunctionsareimpressive.”(倫敦國王學院運動障礙和神經學教授KRayChaudhuri教授說：“盡管在運動和非運動功能方面的積極影響令人印象深刻，但基于這項研究聲稱任何神經保護還為時過早。”)”可知，該教授既說到了它的優勢及意義，又提到了它的局限性，秉持著客觀的態度。故D項正確。DIn2011,artistGrimanesaAmoróssteppedoffaboatmadeoftotorareeds(蘆葦)ontoanisland—alsomadeoftotorareeds—inthenorthwestportionofLakeTiticaca.It’shometooneoftheworld’smostinnovativeachievementofhumanengineering:theUrosIslands.Themanmadefloatingislands,whicharehometothenativeUrospeople,arecreatedbyputtinglayersuponlayersoftotorarootsandreeds.ThiswaterresistantplantgrowsinthelakeandisthelifebloodoftheUrosmunity.Itisusedtomakeboats,houses,roofs,mattresses(床墊)andmore.Theplantisalsoeatenandservesasmedicine,anditsflowersareusedtomaketea.However,theUrosweren’talwaysdependentonthetotora.Morethan500yearsago,thegrowingIncaEmpirebegantoinvadetheUros’mainlandvillages.Tobeatthisthreat,theUrosbegantobuildtheislands,whichcouldbelauncheddeepintoLakeTiticaca,awayfromdanger.Hundredsofyearslater,therearenowabout120oftheseconstructedislands,witharound1,300peoplelivingonthem.Tobuildtheislands,theUrosfirstgatherlargeblocksoftotoraroots.Multipleblocksarepulledtogether,andtherootsandreedsmixnaturallytoformalayerabout1to2mthick.Thetotorareedislaidontopofthisfloatingbase.TheUrosusealongtooltoreachdeepdownintothewaterandcuttheplantabovethebase.Then,thereedsaredriedinthesunforonetofourweeksandbundled(捆綁)togetherusingarope.Oncedried,totorareedsareplacedinalternatingdirectionsontopoftherootblocksandbeethegroundthattheUroswalkandbuildtheirhomeson.Today,urbaninfluencesareevidentontheislands:SolarpanelspowerbedroomlightsandsmallTVs;aradiostationoperatesonthemainisland.It’sevidentthatthesemodernchangesandtourismhavechangedtheUros’lifeonthelake.Onethingremainscertain,though.AslongasthereistotoragrowingatLakeTiticaca,theislands’rootedfoundationwillstaythesame.12.WhichwordcanbestdescribetheroletotorareedsplayintheUro’slife?A.Essential. B.Symbolic. C.Protective. D.Sustainable.13.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofbuildingthefloatingisland?A.Todeveloptourism. B.Tomaintaintheirlifestyle.C.Toescapefromenemies’attack. D.Tobeseparatedfromtheworld.14.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Thekeytoselectingbuildingmaterials. B.Theprocedureofbuildingtheislands.C.Thedifficultyoflivingontheisland. D.Themethodofspottingreeds.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FancyLifestylesoftheUros B.InnovativeBuildingMaterialsC.FloatingHomesonLakeTiticaca D.AMustseeTouristAttractionofLakeTiticaca【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了南美洲地勢最高的淡水湖的的喀喀湖上的土著居民用蘆葦修建漂浮的島嶼，以及他們在島上的生活等情況。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“ThiswaterresistantplantgrowsinthelakeandisthelifebloodoftheUrosmunity(這種抗水植物生長在湖中，是烏魯斯社區的命脈。)”可知，蘆葦是土著烏魯斯的生命線。故選A。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Morethan500yearsago,thegrowingIncaEmpirebegantoinvadetheUros’mainlandvillages.Tobeatthisthreat,theUrosbegantobuildtheislands,whichcouldbelauncheddeepintoLakeTiticaca,awayfromdanger.(500多年前，日益壯大的印加帝國開始入侵烏魯斯人的大陸村莊。為了克服這種威脅，烏魯斯人開始建造島嶼，這些島嶼可以發射到的的喀喀湖深處，遠離危險。)”可知，土著烏魯斯人最初是為了對抗外敵的威脅才建的島嶼。故選C。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第四段中“Tobuildtheislands,theUrosfirstgatherlargeblocksoftotoraroots.Multipleblocksarepulledtogether,andtherootsandreedsmixnaturallytoformalayerabout1to2mthick.(為了建造這些島嶼，烏魯斯人首先收集了大塊的龍根。將多個塊拉在一起，根和蘆葦自然混合，形成約1至2米厚的層。)”可知，本段主要介紹建造這座島嶼的過程。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“In2011,artistGrimanesaAmoróssteppedoffaboatmadeoftotorareedsontoanisland—alsomadeoftotorareeds—inthenorthwestportionofLakeTiticaca.It’shometooneoftheworld’smostinnovativeachievementofhumanengineering:theUrosIslands.(2011年，藝術家GrimanesaAmorós從一艘由蘆葦制成的船走到一個島上——也是由蘆葦制成的——在的的喀喀湖的西北部。它是世界上最具創新性的人類工程成就之一的所在地：烏魯斯群島。)”可知，文章主要介紹了南美洲地勢最高的淡水湖的的喀喀湖上的土著居民用蘆葦修建漂浮的島嶼，以及他們在島上的生活等情況，故選C。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Forthoseofusinschoolwhoaretryingtofigureoutthemosteffectivewaytostudy,scienceishereonhandtohelp.Firstofall,anunlikelyhelperisexercise.____16____Well,exercisereleasesanimportantblendofmoodalteringhormones.Thisneuralcocktail(化合物)greatlyenhancesbrainperformancerequiredforstudyandinformationmemory.Soinbetweenstudysessions,weshouldseriouslyconsiderhittingthegym,swimmingsomelaps,kickingaballaround,orevendancingafewstepsbecauseanykindofexercisegreatlyimprovesbrainpower.Youmustalsovaryyourstudyprogram.____17____Althoughthismayseemliketheeasiestway,itistotallyworkingtheopposite.AstudyfromWashingtonUniversityparedtheeffectivenessofrepeatedtestingoverrepeatedstudyingandfoundthattestingisfarmoreeffectivethansimplyrereading.____18____Finally,getasmuchsleepasyoucan.Whenawakeforthefirstfewhoursintheday,ouralphabrainwaveswhicharebeneficialtoacquisitionofinformationandknowledgearemostactive.Anapinthedaytimewillgiveyoutwoburstsofalphabrainwavesforoneday’sstudy.____19____Whenyouacquireinformation,braincellsgrownewconnections.Sleephelpsthesecellsgrowandconnect.____20____Ourabilitytoprocessinformationishindered(妨礙)byourrestlessness,andtheinformationoverloadedissimplyoverbearing.Weshouldtakebreakseveryhourandnotworkstraightthrough.A.Howdoesthiswork?B.Dosomethingelseorgetexercise?C.Andthebenefitofsleepdoesn’tendthere.D.Ontheotherhand,allnightstudysessionsdonotwork.E.Ifyouarestudyingintheevening,don’tgostraighttobed.F.Smartstudyisn’taboutjustreadingthematerialoverandoveragain.G.Soinbetweenshortexerciseandstudysessions,whynottestyourselfnowandagain?【答案】16.A17.F18.G19.C20.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學生如何用科學方法來進行有效的學習。【16題詳解】本題為段中句，承上啟下，因果關系。根據首句“Firstofall,anunlikelyhelperisexercise.(首先人們沒有想到運動是一個很好的幫手。)”及后句“Well,exercisereleasesanimportantblendofmoodalteringhormones.(運動可以釋放一種重要的改變情緒的激素。)”可知，該空要提出問題，才能有后面的回答。選項A“Howdoesthiswork?”中的“this”指的就是運動。A選項“這是如何起作用的？”符合語境，故選A項。【17題詳解】本題為段中句，承上啟下，后句是對該空的解釋說明。根據“Althoughthismayseemliketheeasiestway,itistotallyworkingtheopposite.(雖然這似乎是最簡單的方法，但它完全相反。)”及后文“AstudyfromWashingtonUniversityparedtheeffectivenessofrepeatedtestingoverrepeatedstudyingandfoundthattestingisfarmoreeffectivethansimplyrereading.(華盛頓大學的一項研究比較了反復測試和反復學習的效果，發現測試比簡單的重讀有效得多。)”可知，該空應與反復學習有關，選項F“聰明的學習不是一遍又一遍地閱讀材料。”符合語境，故選F項。【18題詳解】本題為段尾句，是對該段的總結。根據前面的“AstudyfromWashingtonUniversityparedtheeffectivenessofrepeatedtestingoverrepeatedstudyingandfoundthattestingisfarmoreeffectivethansimplyrereading.(華盛頓大學的一項研究比較了反復測試和反復學習的效果，發現測試比簡單的重讀有效得多。)”可知，該選項應與“重復學習與重復測試的關系”有關。G選項“因此，在短暫的鍛煉和學習之間，為什么不時不時地測試一下自己呢？”符合語境。故選G項。【19題詳解】本題為段中題，承上啟下。該段主要說明睡眠的重要性，首句“Anapinthedaytimewillgiveyoutwoburstsofalphabrainwavesforoneday’sstudy.(白天的小睡會給你一天的學習帶來兩次腦電波爆發。)”介紹白天打盹的好處，后文“Whenyouacquireinformation,braincellsgrownewconnections.Sleephelpsthesecellsgrowandconnect.(當你獲取信息時，腦細胞會產生新的連接。睡眠有助于這些細胞生長和連接。)”繼續表述睡眠的好處。故選項C“睡眠的好處還不止于此。”符合該段主旨。故選C項。【20題詳解】本題為段首句，是本段的主題句。后文“Ourabilitytoprocessinformationishindered(妨礙)byourrestlessness,andtheinformationoverloadedissimplyoverbearing.(我們處理信息的能力被我們的不安所阻礙，而過載的信息簡直是專橫的。)”說明過度勞累不可取，是對選項D“另一方面，通宵學習是行不通的。”的進一步解釋。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IhavebeenadoptedbyanAmericanfamilysinceIwasfifteenmonthsold.GrowingupinthesecondwhitestcountyinCalifornia,Ihadlittleinterestinmy____21____asanadoptedChineseAmerican.AfterImovedtoTucson,mycuriosityaboutmyidentities____22____asIwasexposedtoalargerChinesepopulationthere.DuringmyfouryearsatNorthernArizonaUniversity(NAU),Itooktwoyearsof____23____languagecourses,whichwasamajormarkerinmyadventureto____24____myself.Throughmyclass,IwasintroducedtotheNAUChinesecultureclub,whereI____25____myknowledgeofChinesecultureandconnectedwithinternationalstudentsfromChinaandstudentswhoweredeeply____26____Chineseculture.ThenIhadanopportunitytostudyabroadinHongKongforayear.Surroundedbymainlypeoplewholookedlikeme,IdidnotfeellikeI____27____asIusuallydointheUS.Ibecame____28____connectedtoHongKonganditshistory,____29____andpeople.Theexperience____30____metofindbeautyand____31____intheplexities(難題)ofholdingmanyidentities.Afterreturningfrommy____32____abroad,IstartedtovolunteerattheEducationAbroadOfficeatNAU.I____33____myexperienceandencouragedotherNAUstudentstogoabroad,asitwassucha____34____experienceandenabledmetobetterunderstandmyself.I’m____35____tocallmyselfanadoptedChineseAmerican.21.A.identity B.experience C.safety D.munity22.A.changed B.disappeared C.grew D.continued23.A.English B.Chinese C.Japanese D.German24.A.improve B.understand C.teach D.support25.A.furthered B.lacked C.ignored D.finished26.A.tiredof B.awareof C.interestedin D.dependenton27.A.stoodout B.workedout C.gaveup D.turnedup28.A.eventually B.incredibly C.strangely D.hardly29.A.geography B.scenery C.architecture D.culture30.A.required B.forced C.instructed D.allowed31.A.annoyance B.pain C.fort D.patience32.A.business B.holiday C.adventures D.performances33.A.shared B.announced C.explained D.admitted34.A.eyecatching B.lifechanging C.timeconsuming D.heartbreaking35.A.curious B.reluctant C.awkward D.proud【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.A26.C27.A28.B29.D30.D31.C32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了一個從出生15個月就被美國家庭收養的中國人，通過兩門與中國文化相關的語言課以及在中國香港為期一年的學習經歷，對自己的“被收養的華裔美國人”的身份沒什么興趣到最終深刻認同的過程。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在加州白人第二多的縣長大，我對被收養的華裔美國人的身份沒什么興趣。A.identity身份；B.experience經驗；C.safety安全；D.munity社區。根據后文的“asanadoptedChineseAmerican”可知，作者對被收養的華裔美國人的身份沒什么興趣。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我搬到圖森之后，我對自己的身份的好奇心增加，因為我接觸到了那里更多的中國人。A.changed改變；B.disappeared消失；C.grew增加；D.continued繼續。根據前文的“mycuriosityaboutmyidentities”和后文“asIwasexposedtoalargerChinesepopulationthere.”可知，作者接觸到了更多的中國人，所以對自己的身份的好奇心增加。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在北亞利桑那大學的四年里，我學習了兩年的中文課程，這是我了解自己的一個重要標志。A.English英語；B.Chinese中文；C.Japanese日語；D.German德語。根據前文的“asanadoptedChineseAmerican”和后文“whichwasamajormarkerinmyadventureto4myself.”可知，作者是被收養的華裔美國人，所以作者學習的中文課程，以便更了解自己。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在北亞利桑那大學的四年里，我學習了兩年的中文課程，這是我了解自己的一個重要標志。A.improve改進；B.understand了解；C.teach教授；D.support支持。根據后文的“Throughmyclass,IwasintroducedtotheNAUChinesecultureclub,whereI3myknowledgeofChinesecultureandconnectedwithinternationalstudentsfromChinaandstudentswhoweredeeply4Chineseculture.”可知，作者通過學習了兩年的中文課程，在那里作者進一步了解了中國文化，從而更深的了解自己。故選B項。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過我的課程，我被介紹到NAU中國文化俱樂部，在那里我進一步增進了對中國文化的了解，并與來自中國的國際學生和對中國文化感興趣的學生建立了聯系。A.furthered促進，增進；B.lacked缺乏；C.ignored忽略；D.finished完成。根據前文“Throughmyclass,IwasintroducedtotheNAUChinesecultureclub”可知，作者在中華文化俱樂部里進一步了解了中國文化，此處further為動詞，意為“促進、