PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語法感知Ⅰ.課文原句感知1．blackpeoplemovedfromthesouthernstatesoftheUSAtothenorthernindustrialcities，theytooktheirmusicwiththem.2．BluesisatypeofmusicwhichstartedassongssungbyAfricanAmericanstheywereworking.3．SomeoftheDJsbeganspeakingandshoutingthemusicplayed.4．“Iheardit，”hesaid，“Iknewitwasapletelynewkindofmusic.”5．someoneaskedhimwhyhewasattendingmeetingsofleft-wingpeople，hereplied，“Leftwing，rightwing，chickenwing—it’sallthesametome.”6．hegrewolder，hissongsbecamemorehumourousandoptimistic.Ⅱ.把下列句子改成省略句1．Ihaven’tseenyouforages.2．BillenjoysreadingmorethanTomenjoysreading.3．Ifitisnecessary，I’llgothere.4．Imeanttowritetoyou，butforgottowritetoyou.5．Althoughhewashardworking，hecouldn’tearnenoughtobuyahouse.語法精析Ⅰ.時間狀語從句在復合句中起時間狀語作用的句子稱為時間狀語從句。1．時間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導：when(當……時候)，whenever(任何時候)，as(隨著)，while(在……期間)，before(在……以前)，after(在……之后)，since(自從)，assoonas(一……就)，until(直到)，once(一旦)等。如：Whenwelivedintown，weoftenwenttothetheatre.我們住在城里時常去劇院看戲。Beforetheyreachedthestation，thetrainhadgone.他們到達車站前，火車就已經開走了。IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.自從來到這兒后，我已經往家里寫了四封信。Asyearsgoby，Chinaisgettingstrongerandricher.隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。Weallinsistthatweshouldnotrestuntilwefinishthework.我們都堅決要求不完工不休息。注意：(1)when在do...when...do...when...，doing...when...doing...when...，haddone...when...，beonone’sway...when...，beonthepointofdoing...when...等結構中，作“在那時”講，表示某件事正在發生或剛剛發生時，另一動作同時發生。Hewasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.他剛要走就有人敲門。IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.我正想著這件事時，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。(2)時間狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來的動作。如：Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你長大后就會了解了。2．用名詞性詞組引導時間狀語從句的用法：(1)theyear，theweek，thedayHeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.他在第二次世界大戰爆發的那年離開了歐洲。(2)thespring，thesummer，theautumn，thewinterAlicegotmarriedthesummershegraduatedfromcollege.愛麗絲在大學畢業的那年夏天就結婚了。(3)themoment(that)，theinstant(that)，theminute(that)ThemomentIheardthevoice，Iknewmyfatherwasing.一聽到這嗓音，我就知道是父親來了。I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即給你打電話。IunderstoodeverythingtheminuteIsawherface.我一看到她的表情，就明白了一切。(4)the＋序數詞＋time；(the)nexttimeHewaswritingaletterthefirsttimeIsawhim.我第一次看到他時，他在寫一封信。Besuretocallonusthenexttimeyouetovisitouruniversity.下次你到我們大學來時一定要來找我們。(5)eachtime，everytime，anytimeEachtimeIcatchacold，mynoseruns.我每次感冒都流鼻涕。EverytimeIcatchacold，Ihaveapaininmyback.每次感冒我的背就疼。Youareweletoeandvisitourschoolanytimeyoulike.只要你愿意，隨時都歡迎你來參觀我們的學校。3．immediately，instantly，directly表達“一……就……”時，這些詞所起的作用相當于連詞，引導時間狀語從句。Immediatelyhearrived，hestartedtellinguswhattodo.他一到就開始告訴我們要做什么。Hemadeforthedoorinstantlyheheardtheknock.他一聽到敲門聲，就朝門走去。IcamedirectlyIgotyourmessage.我一得到你的口信就立刻來了。[題組訓練1](1)單句語法填空①Theyworkedlonghoursforseveralweekseverythingreturnedtonormal.②Theboyburstintolaughter(immediate)hesawhismother.③IhaveheardalotofgoodthingsaboutyousinceI(e)backfromabroad.④I(have)mydinnerwhenanunexpectedfriendknockedmydoor.(2)句型轉換①Don’trefertothedictionarywhenyoueacrossanewwordeverytime.Don’trefertothedictionaryyoueacrossanewword.②AssoonasImethim，Iwouldtellhimthenews.Imethim，Iwouldtellhimthenews.③Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.hisfathercamebackhegotobed.Ⅱ.省略省略是英語的一種習慣用法。按照語法分析，句子應該具備的成分，有時出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語法現象稱為“省略”。其特點是：雖然省去句子語法結構所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達其完整的意義。英語中常見的省略句有以下幾種。1．簡單句中的省略(1)省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其他省略主語多限于少數現成的說法(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(括號內為省略的主語，下同)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.(2)省略主、謂語或主、謂語的一部分(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?(3)省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to—Areyougoingthere?—I’dliketo(gothere)．Hedidnotgivemethechance，thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance)．注意：如果該賓語是be動詞或完成時態，則須在to之后加上be或have。—Areyouanengineer?—No，butIwanttobe.—Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.—Well，heoughttohave.(4)省略表語—Areyouthirsty?—Yes，Iam(thirsty)．(5)同時省略幾個成分Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.2．并列句中的省略在以and，but，or，therefore，so等詞連接，或是沒有連詞而用分號的并列句中，在不影響句意的情況下，并列句中后面分句與前面分句相同的部分都可以省略。Theydon’tagreewithyou；neitherdoI(agreewithyou)．Bobhasdonehishomework，butTomhasn’t(donehishomework)．3．主從復合句中的省略(1)主句中有一些成分被省略(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(2)省略了一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替—Isheingbacktonight?—Ithinkso.—Ishefeelingbettertoday?—I’mafraidnot.這種用法常見的有：Howso？Whyso？Isthatso？Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isupposenot.Ibelievenot.Ihopenot.等。(但Idon’tthinkso.比Ithinknot.更常用)。4．其他省略(1)連詞that的省略①在賓語從句中that可省略，但如果有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，除第一個that外，其他that都不能省略。Hesaid(that)hehadarrivedheretwodaysbeforeandthathehadlivedinahotel.②定語從句中，作賓語的that，which或whom可以省略。Thebook(that)heboughtyesterdaywasexpensive.(2)不定式符號to的省略①并列的不定式可省去后面的to。Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.②某些使役動詞(如let，make，have)及感官動詞(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，lookat和listento等)后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動語態中須把to復原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.③介詞but前若有動詞do，后面的不定式不帶to。Theboydidnothingbutplay.(3)在某些狀語從句中的省略①在時間、地點、條件、方式等讓步狀語從句中，如果主句、從句的主語一致，從句中謂語動詞又包含be或主語是it，常可以把從句中主語和謂語的一部分省略。Though(theywere)tired，theywentonworking.雖然他們累了，但他們仍繼續工作。Unless(itis)necessary，you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果沒有必要，你最好不要查字典。②在由than，as引導的比較狀語從句中，在不造成誤解的前提下，任何成分都可以省略。Iknowyoucandobetterthanhe(cando)．我知道你能比他做得更好。Theexhibitionisagreatsuccessas(itwas)expected.正如我們預料的那樣這次展覽很成功。[題組訓練2]句型轉換(1)Ifitisnecessary，I’lldoitmyself.，I’lldoitmyself.(2)IhavetotakeacoursethoughIdon’twanttotakeacourse.Ihavetotakeacoursethough.(3)Shewashonestbutshewaspoor.Shewas.(4)Whenyouarewalkingacrossthestreet，youshouldbecareful.Whenthestreet，youshouldbecareful.(5)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.havekeptyouwaiting.高考鏈接Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．theaverageageofthepopulationincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.(2016·天津)2．Jack(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.(2016·北京)3．Overtime，thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2016·全國Ⅲ)4．itcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlefortingpats.(2016·四川)5．Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblemwecansolveit.(2015·天津)6．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif(leave)inthewronghands.(2015·湖南)7．If(accept)forthejob，you’llbeinformedsoon.(2015·北京)8．Theyoungcouple，whoreturnedmylostwallet，leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.(2014·陜西)9．Itwasthemiddleofthenightmyfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.(2014·江西)10．Children，when(acpany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014·湖南)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.(2015·陜西，短文改錯)2．Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013·新課標全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)3．Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(2013·陜西，短文改錯)4．IhavebeenmissingyouverymuchafterIwenttocollegeayearago.(2012·重慶，短文改錯)5．Intheend，wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.(2012·遼寧，短文改錯)寫作指導本模塊要求寫學習習慣。行動形成習慣，習慣塑造性格，性格決定命運。對于學生來說，生活的主題就是學習，而高效的學習離不開良好的學習習慣。仁者見仁，智者見智，什么是好的學習習慣，什么是對學習不利的習慣，相信每位同學都有自己的看法和見解。思路點撥：1.選取具體的某一方面來描述；2．應該描述自己的真實感受和體驗；3．注意記敘和議論相結合；4．思路要清晰，用語要簡潔，問題分析要透徹；5．注意詞匯和句型的使用。常用句式1．Beforeclass，Ialwayspreviewmylessons.2．Inclass，Ilistentomyteachersattentively.3．Afterclass，Ifinishmyhomeworkontime.4．Ilikelisteningtomusicwhilestudying.5．Itrymybesttolearneverysubjectwell.6．I’mactiveinansweringmyteachers’questions.7．Inmysparetime，Ilikereading.8．Ilikeallkindsofbooks，whichbenefitsmealot.典題示例請根據以下提示，用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文，介紹一下你的學習習慣：是否愿意聽著音樂學習。1．我喜歡音樂，但我不喜歡聽著音樂學習。因為聽音樂會轉移我的注意力，而且聽著音樂復習功課會使我的成績下降；2．我聽音樂時會集中精力去聽，而不喜歡邊聽邊做其他事情；3．對那些喜歡聽著音樂學習的人來說，古典輕音樂或爵士輕音樂可能是最好的。寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是寫一篇介紹學習習慣的短文。寫作時應注意下面幾點：1．確定文體：這是一篇說明文。2．主體時態：一般現在時。3．主體人稱：第一人稱。StepTwo聯想詞匯1．聽音樂2．獨自，單獨3．相反4．集中精力于5．古典輕音樂StepThree句式升級1．你喜歡邊聽音樂邊學習嗎？Doyouliketostudy？(運用狀語從句)Doyouliketostudy？(運用省略句)2．如果我復習的時候聽莫扎特的演奏，我認為我的考試分數不會提高。Idon’tthinkmytestscoreswillimprove.(運用條件狀語從句)Idon’tthinkmytestscoreswouldimprove.(運用虛擬條件句)3．我認為對那些喜歡聽著音樂學習的人來說，古典輕音樂或爵士輕音樂可能是最好的。Ithinkthat，eitherlightclassicalmusicorsomegentlejazzisprobablybest.(運用條件狀語從句)Ithinkthatforpeople，eitherlightclassicalmusicorsomegentlejazzisprobablybest.(運用定語從句)StepFour連句成篇答案精析語法專題語法感知Ⅰ.1.When2.while3.while4.Themoment5.When6．AsⅡ.1.Haven’tseenyouforages.2．BillenjoysreadingmorethanTom.3．Ifnecessary，I’llgothere.4．Imeanttowritetoyou，butforgotto.5．Althoughhardworking，hecouldn’tearnenoughtobuyahouse.語法精析題組訓練1(1)①before②immediately③came④washaving(2)①every/each；time②The；moment/instant/minute③Not；until；did題組訓練2(1)If；necessary(2)I；don’t；want；to(3)honest；but；poor(4)walking；across(5)Sorry；to高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.As2.wasworking3.as/when4.When/If5.before6.left7.accepted8.before9.when10.acpaniedⅡ.1.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeontheflooreq\f(after,when/while)Iwaspackingthemup.2．Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayeq\f(during,when)theycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.3.eq\f(Before,After)waitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwas