2022屆高考英語閱讀理解專項訓練

Ui

A

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案.

Insteadofheadinghomeordiningatarestauranttocelebratetheendoftheworkweek,

electricalengineerChuQingwasreadytobeginhis“secondjob”asacitizenscientist（公民科學

家）.

Armedwithtelemeters（遙測儀），Chuandhisfriendslocate（確定..的準確地點）frogsin

Shanghai'sCenturyParkeveryweekend.

Thiscitizenscienceproject,whichlastsuntilSept30,isoneofmanythattheShanghaiNatural

HistoryMuseumstartedinAugust.Themuseuminvitedvolunteerstolookforfrogsaroundthecity

andrecordhowthesecreaturesmove.Withonlysixspecies（種類）oftheanimalleftinShanghai,

urban（城市的）plannerscanusethisinformationtoprotectthefrogsbyprovidingenoughspace

whendesigningnewparksinthecity.

Theconcept（概念）ofcitizenscience,inwhichmembersofthepublichelpexpertsgatherdata

forscientificresearch,datesbacktoatleast1900intheUS.andithasrecentlygrowninpopularity

inChina.

“Previously（在之前）,fieldwork,suchaswildlifemonitoring,wasperfonnedonlybyexperts

inuniversitiesorinstitutions（機構）.But,withlimitedhumanresources,onlyafewplacesinthe

citycouldbemonitored/'YuanXiao,deputyheadoftheShanghaiWildlifeProtectionand

ManagementAdministration,toldChinaDaily."Thedatagatheredbycitizenscoversthewholecity,

andthisprovidesvaluableinformationfbrus.”

Onetypicalexample,accordingtoYuan,isaprojectofShanghaiChenshanBotanicalGarden.

Itoncetookfiveyearstofinishacitywideinvestigationofplants.Butiftheyhadreceivedhelpfrom

（hepublic,ilcouldhavebeenshortened（ooneyear.

Tohelpscientistsfurtherstudythebiodiversityandencouragethepublictoembrace（羽抱）

nature,theShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumreleasedanappcalledFindNature（《聽見萬物》）

onAug15.Userscanuploadphotosandsoundsofinsects,birdsandotherwildanimals.

uTherearealsosocietiesforinsectsandfrogs,andIamgladthemuseumhascreatedthisnew

platformtogatherpeoplearoundnature/'WangTianhou,aprofessorofecology（生態學）atEast

ChinaNormalUniversity,toldChinaDaily."Itletspeopleknowthateveryonecanbeascientist

andcontributetoimportantresearch.M

Indeed,thereisnofastorslow-thereisonlyyourownterms,andyourownpace.

I.WhatdoweknowaboutthecitizenscienceprojectinShanghai?

A.ItwasstartedbyaShanghaicitizeninAugust.

B.ItaimstostudydifferenttypesofwildlifeinShanghai.

C.Itcallsonthepublictcgatherdataforscientificresearch.

D.ItcollectsopinionsofShanghaicitizensondesigningparks.

2.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenfieldworkandcitizenscience?

A.Whodoestheresearch.

B.Whentheresearchisdone.

C.Thepurposeoftheresearch.

D.Theplacewhere（heresearchisdone.

3.WhyistheShanghaiChenshanBotanicalGardenprojectmentioned?

A.Toshowtheimportanceofscientificresearch.

B.Totellpeopletheadvantagesofcitizenscience.

C.Toencouragepeopletoenjoythebeautyofnature.

D.ToexplainwhytheappFindNaturewasdeveloped.

4.WhatdidWangTianhouthinkofthe叩pFindNature?

A.It'shelpful.

B.It'shardtouse.

C.It'snotpractical.

D.Il'sfbrspecificusers.

B

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Maybeyouarefamiliarwithscenesinmovieswhereapilothasencountered（遭遇）anissue

mid-flightandyouhearhimshout“Mayday,mayday,mayday”.

Butwhatdoes“mayday"mean?"Mayday“isaninternationallyrecognizeddistresscall（求救

信號），mostlyusedbypilotsandboatcaptains.Thesignalcanbesentoutonanychannelbyradio

communication.

Thisemergencycalloriginatedinthe1920s.Atthattime,thestandarddistresscallwas“SOS”

andwastypicallyusedbynavycaptains.ThemessagewassentinMorsecodebytelegraph.In

Morsecode,“SOS”isthreedots（點）,threedashes（線）andthreedots.Thesignalwasunmistakable.

However,aircraftpilotsuseradiocalls,sosendingout“SOS”couldbemisheardasotherletters,

suchas"F”.

FrederickStanleyMockford,aradioofficeratCroydonAirportinLondon,wasaskedtothink

ofawordthatwouldindica：edistress.BecauseoftheamountofflightsthatflewbetweenCroydon

andParis,hechosemayday,asitsoundssimilartotheFrenchword"m'aider"，whichmeans“help

me”.

Facingathreateningsituation,pilotsarerequiredtorepeatthesignalthreetimesincaseof

radiointerference（干擾）orloudbackgroundnoise.Ifthepilotsdon'tgetareplywithintwominutes,

theyshouldrepeatit.Oncetheyreceiveareply,moreinformation,includingthecodeoftheflight,

theircurrentsituationandthenumberofpeopleonboardshouldbereported.Sometimespilotsarc

directedtoanearbyairportorlocationwheretheycanmakeanemergencylanding.Whilemayday

signalsindicatealife-threateningsituation,theydonotalwaysendinfatalities（死亡）.

Despitedangers,airtravelisstillthesafestmeansoftransport.

Makingasuccessfulemergencylanding

①OnJan15,2009,USAirwaysflight1549wasscheduledtoflyfromNewYorkCityto

NorthCarolina.However,shortlyaftertakeoff,theplanecollidedwithaflockofgeese,causing

bothenginestoshutdown.Luckily,thepilotswereabletomakeanemergencylandinginthe

HudsonRiverinNewYork.Ifabirdissuckedintotheengineofaplane,itcancausetheengineto

losethrust（推力）.

②LiuChuanjian,aChinesepilotonSichuanAirlines3U8633,madeanemergencylanding

insouthwestChinaafterthecockpit（駕駛艙）windowbroke.Ifaplane'scockpitwindowbreaks

whiletheaircraftisathighaltitude,therewouldberapiddecompression（減壓）-areductioninair

pressure.Thiswoulddecreasethelevelofoxygenandcouldcausethoseonboardtopassout.

5.Whatdoesthearticletellusabout“mayday”?

A.ItisasignalmainlyusedinEuropeancountries.

B.Itisonlyusedbypilotsandboatcaptains.

C.Itwasinventedbyaradioofficerinthe1920s.

D.Itwassentbytelegraphinthebeginning.

6.Howis^SOS^writteninMorsecode?

A.—...----

B.----------...

C.................---

D.???---?一

7.“Mayday”waschosenasadistresscallbecause?

A."SOS'*waseasilymisheardbynavycaptains.

B.itsoundssimilarto"m'aider”，iheFrenchwordfbr"helpme”.

C.itspronunciationissimilarto“distress“inFrench.

D.ithadsomethingtodowiththeflightsatCroydonAirport.

8.Whatdoesthesecond-to-lastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Whentousemaydaysignals.

D.Whatmakesmaydaysignalsuseful.

C.Howmaydaysignalswererecognized.

D.How（ousemaydaysignalstocallfbrhelp.

C

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案

Iwasoftentoldbymymotherandgrandmotherandmyaunts-womenwhowereworldclass

worriers-thatworryingisnotonlyasin（罪惡）,butabigwasteoftime.

Alwayshopefbrthebest,theysaid,butmakesureyou'repreparedfbrtheworst.

IstartedworryingwhenIwasfour,thedaymybrotherJoewasbornprematurely（早產）and

hairless,likeafistwitheyes.Hespentweeksinanincubator（'恒溫箱），afterwhichweweretoldhe

hadcerebralpalsy（腦癱）,mightneverwalkandwastotallyblind.

ForJoe,thingsoftenseemedtogofrombadtoworse.Goingtoschoolmeantleavinghomeas

alittleboytoliveinadorm.Findingajobandasenseofindependencewouldprovenearly

impossible.

Helivesalonenowinpublichousing.Butforeveryheartacheanddisappointment,Joehassaid

thanks.Hehastaughtmebyexamplethatgratitudebuildshope.Ifwcarcmindfulofalltheways

thatwe'vebeenblessed（祝福）,it'seasiertobelievewe'llbeblessedagain.

WhenIcalledJoeyesterday,Isaid,“Hey,darling,how[are]youdoing?''

Well,Tiljusttellyou.Mylegsareburningandhurtingbad.”

Ilourslater,whenhecouldn'tstandthepain,Joecalled911.

Mysisterphonedmethismorningwithafullreport.JoewasinthehospitalgettingIV

antibiotics（抗生素）fbrinfectionsinbothlegs.He'IIprobablybethereforafewdays.

Icalledhimrightaway.Joesaidthis:"Don'tworryaboutme,sister.I'mjustthankfi.ilfbrall

thesegoodpeople-theEMTs（急救人員）,doctorsandnurses-totakesuchgoodcareofme.^^

Now,morethanever,weneedtoseeclearlylikemybrother-notwithoureyes,butwithour

hearts.Gratitudeisalightthatshinesinthesoul,turningworryintohope,fearintojoy,weakness

into