航母大火青島油庫(kù)管道泄漏事故環(huán)境泄漏，McCondo大火（June13,2010）

3墨西哥漏油爆炸事故2025/6/265提綱液體燃料泄漏動(dòng)力學(xué)泄漏厚度估算點(diǎn)火與表面蔓延特征邊界條件對(duì)蔓延的影響液體泄漏的火調(diào)(GCMS)可燃物質(zhì)泄漏發(fā)生的事故樹(shù)災(zāi)害分析的目標(biāo)確定火災(zāi)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的影響：1.火直接撞擊物體嗎？2.對(duì)目標(biāo)的輻射熱傳遞是什么？具體目標(biāo)確定火的物理尺寸確定放熱率估算目標(biāo)的熱通量7連續(xù)泄漏WhereVsisthevolumetricspillrate(m3/s),andyistheliquidpoolfireregressionrate(m/s).Ifthespillrateisconstant,themaximumpooldiameterisreachedasymptoticallyaccordingtoIfthespillrateisconstant,themaximumpooldiameterisreachedasymptoticallyaccordingtoburningNon-burning泄漏厚度的估算MacKinvenetal.(1970)andBurgoyneandRoberts(1968)workindicateNoflamespreadfordepths<1.5mmExperimentaldataforJP-8andJP-4fuelsindicatedepthsaslowas0.7mmSmallerdepth=largerspillarea==largerfire=shorterduration(allotherthingsconstant)910水泥地板上的泄漏厚度11未受限的泄漏Liquidspreadonasolidsurface(Briscoeetal.,1980)g~gravityt~timer~radiusV~volume~shapefactorSFPE消防手冊(cè)方法ThepooldepthFireareaMinimumSpilldepth12油池火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)油池火災(zāi)動(dòng)力學(xué)14油池火災(zāi)的高度Heskestad’scorrelationapplies表面張力對(duì)泄漏深度的影響16觀察結(jié)果300secignitiondelay90%ofthemaximumspillarea30secignitiondelay50%ofthemaximumspillareaEquilibriumspilldepthcorrelatesrelativelywellwiththesurfacetensionoftheliquid.Theaveragespilldepthis0.72mm,withastandarddeviationof0.34mmTwofactorsonspilldepthThesurfacetensionoftheliquidThesurfacecharacteristicsofthesubstrate(roughness&uniformity)Deeperspilldepthsgenerallyresultinlongerburningdurationsresultinginhigherpeakmassburningrates.Surfaceismoreimportantthanthefuel.1718受限的泄漏SaturatedcarpetUnsaturatedcarpet地毯上的液體泄漏Liquidspilloncarpetisaconfinedspill.Thedepthofaconfinedspillisdependentontheliquidfuelvolumeandthevolumeoftheconfinement.(Modak,1980)So,thedepthofpile=thedepthofthespill(pool).(DeHaan,1995)ExpectedspreadObservedspread4mmpile0.25m2/l0.3-0.5m2/l10mmpile0.10m2/l0.08-0.1m2/l14mmpile0.07m2/l0.05-0.06m2/lExperimentalresultsofDeHaan’sPh.D.Thesis(1995)19火場(chǎng)調(diào)查GCM