2025年雅思閱讀專項模擬試卷：環保與可持續發展考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、閱讀理解要求：仔細閱讀以下文章，并根據文章內容回答問題。Passage:Inrecentyears,environmentalissueshavebecomeamajorconcernworldwide.Manycountrieshaveimplementedvariouspoliciestopromotesustainabledevelopmentandreduceenvironmentaldegradation.Thispassagediscussestheimpactofthesepoliciesondifferentsectorsandthechallengestheyface.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?a)Thecausesofenvironmentaldegradationb)Thebenefitsofsustainabledevelopmentc)Thechallengesfacedbyenvironmentalpoliciesd)Theimpactofclimatechangeonecosystems2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasectoraffectedbyenvironmentalpolicies?a)Agricultureb)Industryc)Transportationd)Education3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthechallengesfacedbyenvironmentalpolicies?a)Lackoffundingb)Publicoppositionc)Inadequateinfrastructured)Alloftheabove4.ThepassagementionsaspecificpolicyimplementedinChina.Whatisthispolicy?a)TheRenewableEnergyLawb)TheAirPollutionPreventionandControlLawc)TheWaterPollutionPreventionandControlLawd)TheSolidWasteLaw5.Whyisitdifficulttoenforceenvironmentalpoliciesinsomeregions?a)Lackofawarenessamongthepublicb)Corruptofficialsc)Insufficientresourcesd)Alloftheabove6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthelong-termbenefitsofsustainabledevelopment?a)Economicgrowthb)Improvedpublichealthc)Preservationofbiodiversityd)Alloftheabove7.Thepassagementionstheconceptof"greenjobs".Whatarethesejobs?a)Jobsrelatedtotheproductionofrenewableenergyb)Jobsrelatedtotheconservationofnaturalresourcesc)Jobsrelatedtothedevelopmentofsustainabletechnologiesd)Alloftheabove8.WhatisthemainobjectiveoftheParisAgreement?a)Toreduceglobalcarbonemissionsb)Topromotesustainabledevelopmentc)Toaddressclimatechanged)Alloftheabove9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneoftheconsequencesofenvironmentaldegradation?a)Increasedeconomiclossesb)Lossofbiodiversityc)Healthproblemsd)Alloftheabove10.Thepassageconcludesbyhighlightingtheimportanceofinternationalcooperation.Whatisthemainmessageoftheconclusion?a)Countriesshouldadoptstrictenvironmentalpoliciesb)Theglobalcommunityshouldworktogethertotackleenvironmentalchallengesc)Sustainabledevelopmentistheonlysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsd)Alloftheabove二、完形填空要求：閱讀以下文章，根據文章內容選擇合適的單詞或短語填空。Passage:Inthepastfewdecades,theworldhaswitnessedsignificantchangesintheenvironment.Therapidgrowthofpopulationandindustrializationhasledtoseveralenvironmentalproblems.Themostpressingissueisclimatechange,whichhasfar-reachingconsequencesfortheplanet.Oneofthemaincausesofclimatechangeistheexcessiveemissionofgreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide.Thesegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherethroughvarioushumanactivities,includingtheburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses.Theaccumulationofgreenhousegasesintheatmospheretrapsheat,leadingtoglobalwarming.Tocombatclimatechange,manycountrieshaveimplementedpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Thesepoliciesincludethepromotionofrenewableenergy,thedevelopmentofcleantechnologies,andtheadoptionofenergy-efficientpractices.However,thesuccessofthesepoliciesdependsonthecooperationofgovernments,industries,andindividuals.1.Inrecentyears,theworldhaswitnessedsignificantchangesinthe_______.a)economyb)environmentc)technologyd)population2.Therapidgrowthofpopulationandindustrializationhasledtoseveral_______.a)economicchallengesb)socialproblemsc)environmentalproblemsd)politicalconflicts3.Theexcessiveemissionofgreenhousegasesisthemaincauseof_______.a)globalwarmingb)waterpollutionc)airpollutiond)soilerosion4.Oneofthemainhumanactivitiesthatcontributetogreenhousegasemissionsis_______.a)deforestationb)theuseofrenewableenergyc)theadoptionofenergy-efficientpracticesd)theburningoffossilfuels5.Theaccumulationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereleadsto_______.a)globalcoolingb)increasedprecipitationc)globalwarmingd)decreasedbiodiversity6.Tocombatclimatechange,manycountrieshaveimplementedpoliciestoreduce_______.a)carbonemissionsb)waterconsumptionc)energyconsumptiond)landuse7.Thepromotionofrenewableenergyisoneofthestrategiestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.a)Trueb)False8.Thedevelopmentofcleantechnologiesisanessentialcomponentofenvironmentalpolicies.a)Trueb)False9.Theadoptionofenergy-efficientpracticescansignificantlyreducegreenhousegasemissions.a)Trueb)False10.Thesuccessofenvironmentalpoliciesdependsonthecooperationofgovernments,industries,andindividuals.a)Trueb)False四、詞匯填空要求：根據文章內容，從所給選項中選擇合適的單詞或短語填空。Passage:Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificantattentioninrecentyears.Itreferstotheabilitytomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstobalanceeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection.1.Theconceptofsustainabilityfocusesonmeetingtheneedsofthepresent_______theabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.a)attheexpenseofb)intheabsenceofc)withtheintentionofd)withoutaffecting2.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstobalance_______.a)economicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionb)socialequityandeconomicdevelopmentc)populationgrowthandresourceavailabilityd)technologyadvancementandenergyconsumption3.Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainabilityis_______.a)efficiencyb)innovationc)conservationd)exploitation4.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,areconsidered_______.a)sustainableb)non-renewablec)fossilfuelsd)limited5.Thesustainableuseofnaturalresourcesiscrucialfor_______.a)economicgrowthb)socialdevelopmentc)environmentalprotectiond)alloftheabove6.Theconceptof"greenjobs"referstoemploymentopportunitiesin_______.a)theagriculturalsectorb)theindustrialsectorc)theenvironmentalsectord)theservicesector7.Oneofthechallengesfacedbysustainabledevelopmentis_______.a)lackofawarenessb)technologicallimitationsc)economicconstraintsd)alloftheabove8.Theadoptionofsustainablepracticescanleadto_______.a)increasedprofitsb)reducedenvironmentalimpactc)improvedsocialwell-beingd)alloftheabove9.Theconceptofsustainabilityiscloselyrelatedto_______.a)environmentalismb)capitalismc)socialismd)communism10.Theultimategoalofsustainabledevelopmentistocreatea_______.a)sustainablesocietyb)sustainableeconomyc)sustainableenvironmentd)sustainableplanet五、選擇題要求：根據文章內容，選擇最合適的答案。Passage:Theglobalcommunityhasrecognizedtheimportanceofaddressingenvironmentalissues.Manyinternationalagreementsandinitiativeshavebeenestablishedtopromotesustainabledevelopment.OneofthemostsignificantagreementsistheParisAgreement,whichaimstolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevels.1.TheParisAgreementwassignedin:a)2015b)2016c)2017d)20182.TheprimaryobjectiveoftheParisAgreementisto:a)promoteeconomicgrowthb)reducegreenhousegasemissionsc)protectbiodiversityd)ensurefoodsecurity3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTagreenhousegas?a)Carbondioxideb)Nitrogenoxidec)Oxygend)Methane4.Theemissionofgreenhousegasesisprimarilycausedby:a)deforestationb)industrialprocessesc)agriculturalactivitiesd)alloftheabove5.Sustainabledevelopmentisconsideredcrucialfor:a)economicprosperityb)socialequityc)environmentalprotectiond)alloftheabove6.Theconceptof"biodiversity"refersto:a)thevarietyoflivingorganismsb)thevarietyofecosystemsc)thevarietyofhabitatsd)thevarietyofgeneticresources7.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofarenewableenergysource?a)Coalb)Naturalgasc)Solarenergyd)Nuclearenergy8.Thesustainableuseofnaturalresourcesisimportantfor:a)economicdevelopmentb)socialprogressc)environmentalconservationd)alloftheabove9.Theconceptof"greenjobs"isassociatedwith:a)theagriculturalsectorb)theindustrialsectorc)theenvironmentalsectord)theservicesector10.Themainchallengeinimplementingsustainabledevelopmentis:a)lackofpoliticalwillb)technologicallimitationsc)economicconstraintsd)alloftheabove六、簡答題要求：根據文章內容，簡要回答以下問題。1.WhatisthemainobjectiveoftheParisAgreement?2.Howdogreenhousegasescontributetoclimatechange?3.Whataresomeexamplesofrenewableenergysources?4.Whyisthesustainableuseofnaturalresourcesimportant?5.Whatarethekeyprinciplesofsustainabledevelopment?本次試卷答案如下：一、閱讀理解1.答案：c解析思路：文章開頭提到環境問題成為全球關注的焦點，接著討論了可持續發展政策和環境退化的影響，因此主旨是環境政策面臨的挑戰。2.答案：d解析思路：文章提到了農業、工業和交通部門受到環境政策的影響，但沒有提到教育部門。3.答案：d解析思路：文章第三段提到，環境政策面臨的挑戰包括資金不足、公眾反對和基礎設施不足。4.答案：b解析思路：文章第四段提到中國實施了一項空氣污染防治法。5.答案：d解析思路：文章第五段提到，在一些地區執行環境政策困難的原因包括公眾意識不足、官員腐敗和資源不足。6.答案：d解析思路：文章第六段提到，可持續發展的長期利益包括經濟增長、公共健康改善和生物多樣性保護。7.答案：d解析思路：文章第七段提到，“綠色工作”與可再生能源生產、自然資源保護和可持續技術發展相關。8.答案：d解析思路：文章第八段提到，巴黎協定的主要目標是限制全球變暖在工業化前水平以下2攝氏度以內。9.答案：d解析思路：文章第九段提到，環境退化的后果包括經濟損失、生物多樣性喪失和健康問題。10.答案：b解析思路：文章最后一段強調了國際合作的重要性，指出全球社會應共同努力應對環境挑戰。二、完形填空1.答案：b解析思路：根據上下文，這里指的是環境的變化。2.答案：c解析思路：根據上下文，這里指的是環境問題。3.