PeriodSixGrammar&Writing語法感知把下列直接引語變為間接引語1．Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”→2．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme？”→3．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit？”→4．Theteachersaidtothestudents，“Don’twasteyourtime.”→5．Myfathersaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→6．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，“TheChinesemunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→語法精析一字不改地引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用說話人自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。學習由直接引語變間接引語時，要特別注意以下四個變化：時態變化、人稱變化、狀語變化和句型變化。1．時態變化直接引語變間接引語時，如主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時，間接引語中的謂語動詞一般按下列規律變化：直接引語時態間接引語時態一般現在時一般過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時現在完成進行時過去完成進行時注意：直接引語變間接引語時態不變的情況：(1)當直接引語是客觀真理、自然現象、名言警句等時。Hesaid，“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(2)當直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語時。Mr.Wangsaid，“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”→Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.(3)當主句謂語動詞是一般現在時、現在完成時、一般將來時態時。Shesays，“MissLiuisgoodatEnglish.”→ShesaysMissLiuisgoodatEnglish.(4)當直接引語表示客觀的時刻時。Hesaid，“Theplanetakesoffat6：30am.”→Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6：30am.2．人稱變化直接引語變為間接引語時，代詞要根據其在句中的意義作相應變化。Hesaidtome，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.3．狀語變化直接引語變間接引語時，狀語一般應作下列變化：直接引語中的狀語間接引語中的狀語nowthenagobeforetodaythatdaythismorning/week，etc.thatmorning/week，etc.yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaymorningthemorningbeforetomorrowthenextday，thefollowingdaylastweek/month，etc.theweek/monthbefore，etc.nextweek/month，etc.thefollowing/nextweek/month，etc.herethereShesaidtome，“Ilivedtherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore.注意：直接引語變間接引語時指示代詞、方向性動詞的變化：this→thatthese→thosebring→takee→go4．句型變化(1)直接引語為陳述句時，變間接引語時的句型變化：直接引語若為陳述句，變為間接引語時，間接引語往往變成由從屬連詞that(在口語中可省略)引導的賓語從句，引述動詞常用say，tell等，從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等都要作相應的變化?！癐’mtired，”hesaid.→Hesaid(that)hewastired.(2)直接引語為疑問句時，變為間接引語時除注意在人稱、時態和狀語等方面作相應變化外，還應注意：①間接引語應改為陳述句語序；②特殊疑問句的疑問詞應保留；③一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句在變為間接引語時要用連詞whether或if。“Isthereanythingwrong，Madam？”askedthepoliceman.→Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewassomethingwrong.Sheasked，“Whatisit？What’sgoingtohappennow？”→Sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen.“It’sMary，isn’tit？”askedJane.→JaneaskedwhetheritwasMary.“IsitMaryorLucy？”askedJane.→JaneaskedwhetheritwasMaryorLucy.(3)直接引語若為祈使句，變為間接引語時，常構成簡單句型“引述動詞ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind，etc.＋名/代詞＋(not)todo”。其中，引述動詞根據說話者的語氣來確定。“Don’tmakeamessinthekitchen，”shesaidtohim.→Sheasked/told/warnedhimnottomakeamessinthekitchen.[題組訓練]把下列直接引語變為間接引語(1)Theteachersaid，“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”→(2)“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday，”LiHuasaid.→(3)Hesaid，“Iwanttoleavetoday.”→(4)“I’lltellyoutomorrow，”shesaidtome.→(5)Shesaid，“Doyouofteneheretoreadnewspapers？”→高考鏈接Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016·全國Ⅲ)2．Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI(ask)，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”(2015·湖南)3．Youhavetoknowyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·湖南)4．Itrulybelievebeautyesfromwithin.(2015·北京)5．Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigateisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.(2015·浙江)6．WemustfindoutKarlising，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重慶)7．Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2015·四川)8．“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，I(be)president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2013·湖南)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)2．Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)3．WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯)4．Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014·四川，短文改錯)5．HesaidifIdecidetodosomething，ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.(2013·大綱全國，短文改錯)寫作指導求職信屬于公務信函，格式和用詞比較正規，其目的在于讓聘用方了解自己的經驗、能力、成就、愿望等，所以個人情況的介紹應該是求職信的核心內容，應盡可能向對方說明本人的長處，以便留下好印象，獲得進一步面談的機會。求職信一般包括以下內容：1．介紹信息來源介紹信息來源通常是英文求職信正文部分的開篇句，它可使求職信顯得自然、順暢。2．表明求職心意介紹完信息來源，應向收信人表明自己寫信的目的。3．介紹個人簡歷并表明自己的優勢此部分應詳寫，主要包括：出生日期、性別、教育程度、工作經驗、特殊技能等。在介紹情況時，應對自己最適合所申請的工作的那些方面進行詳細介紹。4．表示感謝并請求答復常用句式開頭語：1．Ilearnedfromyouradvertisementthatyouareinneedofa．..2．Havingknownthatyourofficeneedsa．..Iwouldliketoapplyforthepost.3．I’minterestedinthepostwhichyouadvertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily.4．I’mlookingforajobasa．..andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.自我介紹：1．I’mgoodat.../Idowellin.../Imaster...well...2．Ihaveagoodknowledgeof.../Ihavetheabilityto...3．I’llgetonverywellwithmyfellowworkers.4．OnceI’mhired，I’lldevotemyselftothecauseofthe...工作經歷：1．Ionceworkedasa．..fortwoyears.2．Iwasworkingasa．..duringtheperiodof...3．In2000Iworked...4．I’vehadtheexperienceof...5．I’vebeen...since...能力：1．IhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.IamverygoodatEnglish，soIhavebeenaneditorofmyschool’sEnglishPaperinthepasttwoyears.2．I’manexcellentstudent，amongthetop5inmyclassof50students.Mygradesareamongthebestonesinmydepartment.3．Ienjoyworkingwithpeople.I’myoungandhealthy，delightfulandhelpful.IcanspeakstandardChineseandI’mgoodatEnglish.IoncewonthefirstprizeofEnglishpetitioninourcollege.I’mveryinterestedintravelingandknowmanyplacesofinterestinChina.4．Iamfamiliarwithputeroperationandofficesoftwares...結尾：1．IfIcouldhavetheopportunitytogetthejobIwillbequiteappreciative.2．Thankyouforyourconsideration.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.3．IthinkI’msuitableforthejob.Ifyoucanletmehavethischance，Iwilltrymybesttodoitwell.4．Iwillappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldgivemetheopportunity.Thankyouforyourconsideration.典題示例假如你是李華，25歲，山東大學英語系畢業生，英語口語好。當過3年英語導游，對英文秘書工作感興趣?？吹綀蠹埳夏彻菊衅赣⑽拿貢膹V告，于是想去該公司應聘，請根據以上個人情況寫一封求職信。寫作內容：1．說明自己的情況：姓名、年齡、學歷、特長、工作經驗以及興趣愛好。2．看到報紙上的廣告，很想應聘英文秘書。3．表示自己的誠意。寫作步驟StepOne明確要求1．本文要求寫一封求職信。要按照書信格式書寫，并且應包含全部要點。2．行文時，語氣要符合求職者的口氣，要有禮貌。3．內容要充實，行文要連貫。要恰當地使用關聯詞，盡量使用非謂語動詞及較高級的句型。StepTwo確定段落Part1從報紙上獲知一個秘書的職位。Part2自我介紹并保證能勝任這個職位。Part3真誠表態，為公司努力工作。StepThree聯想詞匯1．閱讀一則廣告2．從……畢業3．各種各樣的文章4．精通……技術5．導游經驗6．被……接受StepFour句式升級1．讀了您在報紙上做的廣告后，我希望在您的公司獲得一份英文秘書的工作。(一般表達)IhopetogetthejobasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpanyafterIreadyouradinthenewspaper.(句式升級1)IwantthejobasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpany.(apply及狀語從句的省略)(句式升級2)，IamlookingforwardtoworkingasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpany.(現在分詞短語作原因狀語)2．我于三年前畢業于山東大學英語系。(一般表達)IgraduatedfromtheEnglishDepartmentofShandongUniversitythreeyearsago.(句式升級1)．(用強調句型強調時間狀語)(句式升級2)．(It’s...since...)3．我能用英語流暢地表達和寫作，同時還可以閱讀各種各樣的英文文章。(一般表達)IcanspeakandwriteinEnglishfluently，andIcanreadallkindsofarticlesinEnglish.(句式升級)Iamfluentin.(aswellas)StepFive連句成篇答案精析語法感知1．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.4.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.5.Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.6.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChinesemunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.語法精析題組訓練(1)Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.(2)LiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.(3)Hesaidthathewantedtoleavethatday.(4)Shetoldmethatshewouldtellmethenextday.(5)Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.were2.asked3.where4.that5.what6.when7．why8.willbeⅡ.1.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouteq\f(how,what)tododuringtheholiday.2．Ieq\f(thought,think)thatitisagoodidea.3．WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.Ieq\f(think,thought)Iwouldbehappythere.4．Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmeq\f(go,goes)off.5．Heeq\f(said,says)ifIdecidetodosomething，ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.寫作專題StepThree1．readanad2.graduatefrom3.allkindsofarticles4．beskillfulin...5.guideexperience6.beaccepted