高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市部分校2025屆高三下學(xué)期考前沖刺英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Toreturnsomething.B.Tohaveherelectronicsfixed.C.Tofigureouttheopeninghours.【答案】C【原文】M:FelixElectronics.ThisisLucasspeaking.Doyouneedtoreturnsomethingorhavesomethingfixed?W:Actually,Ijustwanttofindoutwhenyou’llbeopeninthemorning.2.WhatisAndy?A.Ateacher. B.Astudent. C.Alibrarian.【答案】B【原文】W:Hello,Andy!Putyourpencildownandcloseyourbook.Nomoreschool,youarefreetogo!It’sFriday.Youdeserveabreak.M:Cheers!MissGlen.3.WhenwillRichardgoonholiday?A.InJune. B.InJuly. C.InAugust.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,Richard!AreyougoingtostartyourholidayinJune?M:IwasthinkingaboutgoingtoAfricainJuly,butmyparentssuggestedAugustbecausetheywantedtogowithme.SoIhavetowaitlonger.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingdinner. B.Preparingforaparty. C.Shoppingatastore.【答案】B【原文】W:Jason,thedinnerpartybeginsinjustfortyminutes.Weshouldgetgoingandyouhaven’tgotdressedyet.M:I’mconsideringwhethertowearasuitandatie.W:That’sOK.5.Whatseemstobetheman’sproblem?A.Heisdisturbedbythenoise.B.Hedislikesshoppingonline.C.Hegetsboredofreading.【答案】A【原文】W:Hi,whatareyoudoing?M:Oh,Ihadplannedtodosomereadingtoday,butIjustcan’tconcentrate.Thenoiseoutsideisveryannoying.W:Thencomeandshoponlinewithme!M:OK.Ihategoingtostores.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。6.HowwillthewomantravelaroundItaly?A.Byplane. B.Bytrain. C.Bycar.7.Wherewillthewomangofirsttomorrow?A.Theclothesshop. B.Thepostoffice. C.Thebank.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Areyougoingtotakeavacationthisyear?W:Yes.We’regoingtospendtwoweeksinItaly.M:Luckyyou.Areyouflyingaroundthecountry?W:No.We’retakingthetrain.It’sgoingtobearealadventure.M:Areyoureadytogo?W:Almost.I’mgoingtodoafewlast-minutethingstomorrow.First,I’mdrivingtobuysomesummerclothes,andthenIneedtogotothebanktoexchangesomemoney.M:Ihearthenearestbankisunderrepair.You’dbettergototheonenearthepostoffice.W:OK.Thanksforremindingmeofthat.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。8.Whatwillthewomanmajorin?A.Law. B.Engineering. C.Psychology.9.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Heroldage. B.Herkids’growth. C.Lackoftimetostudy.10.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardthewoman’sdecision?A.Supportive. B.Carefree. C.Disapproving.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【原文】M:Whenareyougoingtocompleteyourcourseinpsychology?W:I’msigninguptogobackinthespring.M:You’realready36.Aren’tyouworriedthatyou’realittletoooldtobegoingbacktoschool?W:Notreally.Myfriend’sunclejustgothisengineeringdegreeafterbeingawayforthreedecades!I’mmoreworriedaboutfindingtimetoreadmytextbooksandwritepapers.Thekidsusuallytakeupallmytimeintheevenings.Itisgoingtobeatoughtime.M:Iunderstand,butitisworthwhile.Ijusthopeyouareabletograduatesmoothly.Iwanttoseethatyouareassuccessfulasyourbrother.Ittookhimalongtimetobecomealawyer,butnowhe’shappierthanever.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。11.Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Gocycling. B.Dosomeshopping. C.Finishtheirhomework.12.WhydoesJerrysuggestgoingtotherestaurantabitearly?A.Toavoidthecrowds.B.Togetagreatdiscount.C.Toleavemoretimeforachat.13.WhenwillthewomanmeetJerry?A.At11:00. B.At11:30. C.At12:00.【答案】11.B12.A13.B【原文】W:Jerry,haveyoufinishedyourhomework?M:Well,there’snohomeworkthisweekend.W:Awesome!It’salovelydaytoday!Whatwouldyouliketodo?M:Ireallyfeellikedoingsomethingoutdoors.Perhapswecouldgocycling.W:Mm,I’mnotreallyinthemoodforcycling.Whydon’twegoshoppinginthedowntown?Wecanchatabouttheschooltripwitheachother.M:Thatsuitsme.Butitwilltakeanhourortwo.Shallwehaveamealatthenewrestaurantfirst,andthengotothemall?W:Great!So,whenshouldwemeet?Howabout12:00?M:We’dbettergettotherestaurantabitearlybecauseithasgoodbusiness.Therearealwaysmanycustomerswaitingforseats,thoughthere’snodiscountthisweek.Whataboutgettingthereby11:00?W:Er,canImakeithalfanhourlater?IhavetovisitmygrandmathismorningandIdon’tthinkIcanmakeitbythen.M:Noproblem.I’llgostraighttotherestaurantandwaitforyou.W:Great!聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。14.Whatservicedoesthewomantrytosell?A.Computerlessons.B.AnairfaretoHawaii.C.Amembershipofasportsclub.15.Whydoesthemanturndownthewoman?A.Hehasnoextramoney.B.Hedislikestelemarketing.C.Hedoesn’tneedtheservice.16.Howwillthewomandealwiththeman’snumber?A.Removeitfromthelist.B.Keepitonthecomputer.C.Giveittoanotherperson.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【原文】M:Hello,thisisCarlPhilipsspeaking.Who’sthat?W:Goodevening,Mr.Philips.Ihavegreatnewsforyou.Youareofferedaspecialreductionon…M:Oh,letmeguess.YouwanttosellmeagreatdealonairfaretoHawaii,right?Or,anunbelievablebargainoncomputerlessons?W:No,no.Actuallywewanttoofferyouamembershiptooursportsclubinthedowntown.Youonlyneedtospendfiftydollars.M:Fiftydollars?Ithoughtyousaidfree!Uh,listen.I’mnotinterested.Thereisnoneedformetoexerciseintheclub.W:Well,itincludesunlimiteduseoftheweightrooms,swimmingpooland…M:Well,ithasnothingtodowithme.IhavemyownfitnessprogramIdoaroundtheparknearby.SoIdon’tneeditatall.W:Butthisisagooddeal.M:LikewhatIsaid,I’llpassthistime.Andpleaseputmeonyour“donotcall”list.W:OK.It’lltakemeabouttwotothreemonthsbeforeyournameisremovedfromourcomputer.Youmightbecalledbyanotherpersonduringthattime.M:Oh,dear!聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whatdidthespeakerdecidetodoaftergraduation?A.MovetoChina.B.FurtherherstudyinChina.C.DoresearchonChineseculture.18.Whoencouragedthespeakertotalkmuchwiththelocals?A.Herfriends. B.Herfamily. C.Hercolleagues.19.HowdidthespeakerlearnChinesewell?A.Bytakingacourse.B.Bywatchingmovies.C.Byspeakingwiththenatives.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.HerimpressionofChina.B.HerexperienceoflearningChinese.C.TheinfluenceofChinesecultureonher.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B【原文】W:Chinaisafamouscountrywithextremelyrichculture.I’vewatchedalotofChinesemoviesandreadpicturebooksaboutthecountrysinceIwasakid.I’mdeeplyfascinatedwithChineseculture.IlovedChinesefood,too.AfterIgraduatedfromcollege,Imadeanimportantdecision.IfoundajobinChinaanddecidedtosettledowninthecountry.ThoughIcouldcommunicatewithothersinEnglishafterIcametothecountry,IknewImustspeakChinesewellifI’dliketolearnwellaboutChineseculture.Iwaseagertounderstandmysurroundingsandeverythingthatwasgoingon.Myfriendsencouragedmetohavedeeperconversationswithlocalpeople.ItriedhardtocreategoodrelationshipswithChinesepeoplearoundme.AllofthemwerefriendlytomeandImadegreatprogress.Ididn’ttakeaChinesecourseatalanguageschool.Iboughtsomebooksandwatchedlotsofrecordingvideostoteachmyselfthelanguage.Meanwhile,Iseizedeveryopportunitytotalkwithothersinit.IrealizedwhatIreallyshoulddowastotalkwithpeoplearoundme.TodaytenyearshavepassedandI’mstilllivingahappylifeinChina.NowIhavenotroubleincommunicatingwithChinesepeople.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APROMYSisasummerprograminmathematicsforstronglymotivatedhighschoolstudentswhoarecarefullyselectedfromacrosstheU.S.andaroundtheworld.Foundedin1989,PROMYSisaresidentialprogramheldonthecampusofBostonUniversity.KeyDatesPROMYS2025:June29-August9,2025AdmissionsDecisions:byApril30,2025ApplicationDeadline:March3,2025at11:59pmESTCostandFinancialAid&ScholarshipsPROMYSisFREEfordomesticstudentswhosefamiliesmakeunder$80,000peryear.PleaseseetheFinancialAid&Scholarshipspagetolearnaboutfullandpartialneed-basedfinancialaid(includingroomandboard),scholarships,fellowships,andotherawards.Financialaidforinternationalstudentsisconsideredonacase-by-casebasis.Costin2025:Upto$7,000fortheresidentialprogram,dependingonfinancialaidaward.QualificationCriteriaStudentsmustsatisfyALLthefollowingcriteriabythefirstdayoftheprogram:※Beatleast14yearsold※Havecompleted9thgrade※Notyetenrolledasafull-timecollegeoruniversitystudentApplicationProcessFourcomponentsoftheapplicationmustbesubmittedbythedeadline:※solutionstoachallengingmathsproblemset※letterofrecommendation※highschoolreportcard※applicationformwhichincludesshortanswers21.WhoisthemostsuitablecandidatetoapplyforPROMYS2025?A.A14-year-oldpart-timecollegestudent.B.A15-year-oldU.S.student,completed9thgrade.C.A16-year-oldinternationalstudentinfull-timecollege.D.A13-year-oldU.S.student,completed9thgrade,skippedagrade.22.WhatdoesPROMYSrequirestudentstodo?A.Putforwardamathproblem. B.Respondtocertainquestions.C.Finishseniorhighschoolstudies. D.Submitpersonalfinancialreports.23.Whatispassageintendedtodo?A.Todocument. B.Tocompare.C.Toanalyze. D.Toinform.【答案】21.B22.B23.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了PROMYS，一項(xiàng)針對(duì)有強(qiáng)烈學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的高中生的數(shù)學(xué)暑期項(xiàng)目。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)QualificationCriteria部分“※Beatleast14yearsold(至少14歲)”；“※Havecompleted9thgrade(已完成九年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè))”以及“※Notyetenrolledasafull-timecollegeoruniversitystudent(尚未注冊(cè)成為全日制大學(xué)生)”可知，合適的申請(qǐng)者需滿(mǎn)足至少14歲、完成九年級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)且未成為全日制大學(xué)生的條件。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ApplicationProcess部分“※applicationformwhichincludesshortanswers(※包含簡(jiǎn)短回答的申請(qǐng)表)”可知，PROMYS要求學(xué)生對(duì)某些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回應(yīng)，比如申請(qǐng)表中的簡(jiǎn)短回答。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“PROMYSisasummerprograminmathematicsforstronglymotivatedhighschoolstudentswhoarecarefullyselectedfromacrosstheU.S.andaroundtheworld.Foundedin1989,PROMYSisaresidentialprogramheldonthecampusofBostonUniversity.(PROMYS是一個(gè)面向數(shù)學(xué)的暑期項(xiàng)目，專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)那些來(lái)自美國(guó)及世界各地、經(jīng)過(guò)精心選拔的、有強(qiáng)烈學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)的高中生。該項(xiàng)目成立于1989年，是一個(gè)寄宿制項(xiàng)目，地點(diǎn)設(shè)在波士頓大學(xué)校園內(nèi)。)”可知，此處介紹了PROMYS項(xiàng)目的基本情況，結(jié)合下文介紹的其關(guān)鍵日期、費(fèi)用與資助、資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及申請(qǐng)流程等信息可知，本文的目的是告知讀者關(guān)于該項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。BI’dassumedADHDwasaboutnaughty(淘氣的)childrenperformingbadlyatschool.Ihad,however,alwayshadanoveractivebrain.Iexperiencedaconstantandrapidstreamofideas,annoyingmymother,whowasoftentellingmeto“switchthatbrainoff”.Iwasalsoadaydreamerandveryemotionallysensitive.Thisinternalizedenergyhadnowheretogo,soitpresentedasanxiety.Ididn’tknowthesesymptomsaremarksofADHDinfemales.Itwasn’tuntilanunluckyattemptataPh.D.thattheanxietybecameproblematic.Iwasunabletofinishthework,sowroteitupasamaster’s.Emotionallydamaged,Iescapedfromacademia.Iwasmisdiagnosed(被誤診)withgeneralizedanxietydisorder.Yetmyloveforsciencedidn’tgoaway.IeventuallywentbacktocompletemyPh.D.inatopicIfeltpassionateaboutandthenpursuedaresearchcareer.Oneday,mymothertoldmeaboutafriend’schildwhowasanadultwithADHD,whichsoundedalotlikeme.Withintheyear,Ireceivedanofficial,accuratediagnosis.IbitterlythoughttomyselfthatifmyADHDhadbeendetectedearlier,ImighthavedealtbetterwiththenegativefirstPh.D.experienceandcontinuedmystudiesratherthanleavingacademia.ButIalsocametounderstandhowADHDhasgivenmeuniquestrengths.I’vesincerealizedmydiverseabilitiesandcreativitymakemeaninnovativeinterdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科的)thinker,whichisahugebenefitinacademia.Ialsorealizedmyemotionalintelligenceandinfectiousenergymakemeagoodleader,whilemytendencytobecomeintenselyabsorbedininterestingactivitiesmeansIworkwelltomeetdeadlines.AyearintomyADHDdiagnosis,I’veestablisheddailywell-beinghabitsandI’mtakingmedication.Thankstothese,combinedwithmyADHDsuperpowers,I’mnowmakingprogressinmycareerandfinallybeginningtobelieveIhavewhatittakestosucceedinscience.24.WhatdoweknowaboutADHD?A.Itmakesthinkingpatternsrigid. B.Itharmspatients’sleepquality.C.Itresultsfromchildhoodpains. D.Itleadstounrealisticthoughts.25.Whathappenedtotheauthorafterthemisdiagnosis?A.Herpassionforsciencegrew. B.Heranxietybecameapparent.C.Shereturnedtoacademiccircles. D.Sheacquiredhermaster’sdegree.26.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontoanADHDdiagnosis?A.Regret. B.Anxiety.C.Helplessness. D.Awkwardness.27.Whatcontributestotheauthor’scareerprogress?A.Strongphysicaladaptability. B.Positivethinkingadjustment.C.Couragetopushthelimits. D.Confidenceinherwisdom.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從對(duì)ADHD的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知,到經(jīng)歷誤診,再到最終被準(zhǔn)確診斷出患有ADHD的經(jīng)歷和感悟?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Iwasalsoadaydreamerandveryemotionallysensitive.Thisinternalizedenergyhadnowheretogo,soitpresentedasanxiety.Ididn’tknowthesesymptomsaremarksofADHDinfemales.(我也是一個(gè)做白日夢(mèng)的人，情緒非常敏感。這種內(nèi)化的能量無(wú)處可去，因此表現(xiàn)為焦慮。我不知道這些癥狀是女性ADHD的標(biāo)志)”可知,作者患有ADHD，是個(gè)空想家，會(huì)有不切實(shí)際的想法。故選D?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yetmyloveforsciencedidn’tgoaway.IeventuallywentbacktocompletemyPh.D.inatopicIfeltpassionateaboutandthenpursuedaresearchcareer.(然而，我對(duì)科學(xué)的熱愛(ài)并沒(méi)有消失。我最終回去完成了我感興趣的一個(gè)主題的博士學(xué)位，然后開(kāi)始了研究生涯)”可知，盡管離開(kāi)，作者對(duì)科學(xué)的熱愛(ài)未消失，最終重返學(xué)術(shù)界完成博士并從事科研。即作者在被誤診后還是回到了學(xué)術(shù)界。故選C?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“IbitterlythoughttomyselfthatifmyADHDhadbeendetectedearlier,ImighthavedealtbetterwiththenegativefirstPh.D.experienceandcontinuedmystudiesratherthanleavingacademia.(我痛苦地想，如果我的ADHD早點(diǎn)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，我可能會(huì)更好地處理第一個(gè)博士學(xué)位的負(fù)面經(jīng)歷，繼續(xù)我的研究，而不是離開(kāi)學(xué)術(shù)界)”可推知，作者最初得知自己患有ADHD時(shí)充滿(mǎn)了遺憾，覺(jué)得如果早被診斷出來(lái)，就可以更好地處理之前的問(wèn)題。故選A。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButIalsocametounderstandhowADHDhasgivenmeuniquestrengths.(但我也開(kāi)始明白ADHD是如何給我?guī)?lái)獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)的)”和最后一段“AyearintomyADHDdiagnosis,I’veestablisheddailywell-beinghabitsandI’mtakingmedication.Thankstothese,combinedwithmyADHDsuperpowers,I’mnowmakingprogressinmycareerandfinallybeginningtobelieveIhavewhatittakestosucceedinscience.(在我被診斷為ADHD一年后，我已經(jīng)建立了日常的健康習(xí)慣，并且正在服用藥物。多虧了這些，再加上我的ADHD超能力，我現(xiàn)在在職業(yè)生涯中取得了進(jìn)步，終于開(kāi)始相信我有能力在科學(xué)上取得成功)”可推知，作者認(rèn)識(shí)到ADHD給她帶來(lái)的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且通過(guò)建立日常健康習(xí)慣、服藥，加上對(duì)ADHD的積極認(rèn)識(shí)和思維調(diào)整，使她在事業(yè)上取得了進(jìn)步。故選B。CAteamfromRutgersNewJerseyMedicalSchoolfoundthatmicelackingaspecificgenedevelopedanunusuallypowerfulformofbrownfattissue,whichimprovedlongevityandincreasedexercisecapacitybyapproximately30%.Theteamisnowworkingonadrugtoreplicatetheseeffectsinhumans.“Exercisecapacityreducesasyougetolder,andtohaveatechniquethatcouldenhanceexerciseperformancewouldbeverybeneficialforhealthfulaging,”saidStephenVatner,seniorauthorofthestudyinAgingCell.Thisstudyrevealedbrownfatimprovesbloodflowtomusclesduringphysicalactivity.Thegeneticallymodifiedmiceproducedunusuallyhighamountsofactivebrownfatandshowedabout30%betterexerciseperformancethannormalmice,bothinspeedandtimetoexhaustion.Themodifiedmice,whichlackaproteincalledRGS14,liveabout20%longerthannormalmice,withfemaleslivinglongerthanmales.Evenatadvancedages,theymaintainahealthierappearanceandwitnessnolossofhairandgrayingthatappearinnormalelderlymice.Theirbrownfattissuealsoprotectsthemfromcertaindiseases.Theresearchersalsotransplanted(移植)thebrownfattonormalmice.Theynotedthattherecipientsgainedsimilarbenefitswithindays.Transplantsusingregularbrownfatfromnormalmice,bycontrast,tookeightweekstoproducemuchslighterimprovements.Thediscoverycouldeventuallyprolongthetotaltimewhenpeopleenjoygoodmentalandphysicalhealth.Ratherthandevelopatreatmentthataddressesagingbroadly,Vatnersaidhisteamplanstotestforspecificbenefitssuchasimprovedexercisecapacityandmetabolism(新陳代謝).Inthemeantime,techniquessuchasicebathscanincreasebrownfatnaturally.Studieshavefoundsucheffortsproducedshort-termbenefitsthatrangefromenhancedimmunesystemfunctiontoimprovedmetabolichealth,butVatnersaidnoneofthestudieshaverunlongenoughtofindanyeffectonhealthfulaging.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“replicate”meaninparagraph1?A.Exam. B.Copy. C.Lighten. D.Explain.29.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutbrownfat?A.Itisproducedbyacertainprotein. B.Itisusedtotreatspecificillnesses.C.Itreducesexercise-relatedinjuries. D.Ithelpsmaintainexercisetolerance.30.Whyweretwodifferenttransplantsconducted?A.Tostresstransplantingbrownfatishard. B.Toshowtheunderlyinglogictransplants.C.Tocomparefunctionsoftwotransplants. D.Toprovebrownfatbenefitsnormalmice.31.WhatisVatner’sattitudetowarddeliberatecoldexposure?A.Mindful. B.Unclear. C.Pessimistic. D.Approving.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要揭示缺失RGS14蛋白的小鼠因棕色脂肪異?；钴S獲得運(yùn)動(dòng)與壽命雙重提升，該脂肪移植可快速改善受體健康，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)正開(kāi)發(fā)靶向藥物，同時(shí)指出自然激活棕色脂肪的短期效益明確但長(zhǎng)期抗衰效果待驗(yàn)證。【28題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“AteamfromRutgersNewJerseyMedicalSchoolfoundthatmicelackingaspecificgenedevelopedanunusuallypowerfulformofbrownfattissue,whichimprovedlongevityandincreasedexercisecapacitybyapproximately30%.Theteamisnowworkingonadrugtoreplicatetheseeffectsinhumans.(羅格斯大學(xué)新澤西醫(yī)學(xué)院的一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏特定基因的小鼠會(huì)發(fā)育出一種異常強(qiáng)大的棕色脂肪組織，這可以延長(zhǎng)壽命，并將運(yùn)動(dòng)能力提高約30%。該團(tuán)隊(duì)目前正在研發(fā)一種藥物，以在人體內(nèi)replicate這些效果。)”可知,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少特定基因的老鼠產(chǎn)生了一種強(qiáng)大的棕色脂肪組織，帶來(lái)了提高壽命和運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的效果，現(xiàn)在團(tuán)隊(duì)正在研制一種藥物，目的應(yīng)該是在人類(lèi)身上實(shí)現(xiàn)同樣的效果，也就是“復(fù)制”這些效果，劃線(xiàn)單詞表示“復(fù)制”，與Copy意義相近。故選B。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisstudyrevealedbrownfatimprovesbloodflowtomusclesduringphysicalactivity.Thegeneticallymodifiedmiceproducedunusuallyhighamountsofactivebrownfatandshowedabout30%betterexerciseperformancethannormalmice,bothinspeedandtimetoexhaustion.(這項(xiàng)研究表明，棕色脂肪可以在體育活動(dòng)中改善肌肉的血液流動(dòng)。轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠產(chǎn)生了異常高的活性棕色脂肪，在運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和疲勞時(shí)間方面比正常小鼠高出約30%。)”可知，該研究表明棕色脂肪在身體活動(dòng)時(shí)能改善肌肉的血液流動(dòng)，經(jīng)過(guò)基因改造的老鼠產(chǎn)生大量活躍的棕色脂肪，其運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)比正常老鼠好約30%，無(wú)論是速度還是到筋疲力盡的時(shí)間上。由此可知，棕色脂肪有助于維持運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersalsotransplanted(移植)thebrownfattonormalmice.Theynotedthattherecipientsgainedsimilarbenefitswithindays.Transplantsusingregularbrownfatfromnormalmice,bycontrast,tookeightweekstoproducemuchslighterimprovements.(研究人員還將棕色脂肪移植到正常小鼠身上。他們指出，受助者在幾天內(nèi)獲得了類(lèi)似的福利。相比之下，使用正常小鼠的常規(guī)棕色脂肪進(jìn)行移植需要八周的時(shí)間才能產(chǎn)生輕微的改善。)”可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠的棕色脂肪移植后，正常小鼠幾天內(nèi)獲得顯著益處：普通小鼠的棕色脂肪移植后，需八周才出現(xiàn)輕微改善。原文明確提到兩種移植方式的結(jié)果對(duì)比，這種對(duì)比旨在比較兩種移植的功能差異。故選C。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inthemeantime,techniquessuchasicebathscanincreasebrownfatnaturally.Studieshavefoundsucheffortsproducedshort-termbenefitsthatrangefromenhancedimmunesystemfunctiontoimprovedmetabolichealth,butVatnersaidnoneofthestudieshaverunlongenoughtofindanyeffectonhealthfulaging.(與此同時(shí)，冰浴等技術(shù)可以自然增加棕色脂肪。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些努力產(chǎn)生了短期效益，從增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)功能到改善代謝健康，但Vatner表示，這些研究都沒(méi)有足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)健康衰老的任何影響。)”可知,Vatner提到像冰浴這樣的技術(shù)可以自然增加棕色脂肪，并且這些努力能帶來(lái)短期益處，但同時(shí)也指出相關(guān)研究持續(xù)時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng)，還不能確定對(duì)健康衰老的影響。由此推知，他對(duì)刻意暴露在寒冷環(huán)境(如冰浴)這種方式是持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度的。故選A。DSocialexchangetheory(SET)posits(假設(shè))thatsocialbehavioremergesfromanexchangeprocess.Aprominenttheoreticalframeworkinsociology,SETconceptualizes(使形成概念)interactionsasabilateralprocessinvolvingtworeciprocalactions:givingandreceiving.ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations,governedbytheformula(公式):Profit=RewardofInteraction—CostofInteraction.DevelopedbyGeorgeHomansin1958,SETcentersontwocoreprinciples:self-interestandinterdependence.Duringexchanges,individualsprioritizetheireconomicandpsychologicalneeds,whilemutualreliancebetweenpartiesformsthebasisofsocialinteractions.Theoutcomeofthisinterdependenceshapesrelationaldynamics:positiveresultssustaincooperation,whereasnegativeoutcomesendpartnerships.SETexplainsthebehaviorofpeoplewhileexchangingsomething.Itisthestudyofhumanbehavioraccordingtosituations.Therearevarioustakeawaysofthistheory.Costsrefertoanything,includingtime,effort,andmoney.Rewardscanbeanything,suchasthesenseofacceptance,support,andcompanionship.Resourcesareanygoods,materialorsymbolic,whichcanbeconveyedthroughinterpersonalbehaviorandgiveonepersonthecapacitytorewardanother.UnderstandingSETfostersbalancedrelationshipsbyclarifyingpersonalinvestmentsandothers’costs.However,criticsnotethetheoryoveremphasizesrewardswhileoverlookingculturalvariability,portrayingindividualsasinherentlyself-interestedandreward-driven.32.Whatistheprimarypurposeofexchangetheory?A.Tofacilitatesocialharmony. B.Tomaximizepersonalbenefits.C.Torespecteveryone’suniqueness. D.Toforeseeinterpersonalconflicts.33.WhatmightbethefeatureofSET?A.Itisbasedonsympathy. B.Itgainswidepopularity.C.Itexploresone’sinnermotives. D.Itseekslastingcooperation.34.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocusonaboutSET?A.Itsbasicconcepts. B.Itscomplexsteps.C.Itsvitalprinciples. D.Itsusualexamples.35.WhatisthestrengthordrawbackofSET?A.Itfailstoprovideamicroview. B.Itoversimplifieshumannature.C.Itshowcasesculturalrelativity. D.Itestablishesafairglobalorder.【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了社會(huì)交換理論?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations,governedbytheformula(公式):Profit-RewardofInteraction-CostofInteraction.(許多心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為該理論具有強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義傾向，因?yàn)樗鲝垈€(gè)體會(huì)基于個(gè)人收益評(píng)估社交互動(dòng)。根據(jù)該理論，決策和行為受利己動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，遵循公式：利潤(rùn)=互動(dòng)回報(bào)－互動(dòng)成本。)”可知,社會(huì)交換理論中個(gè)人以自身獲得的利益來(lái)衡量所有社會(huì)互動(dòng),個(gè)人的決策和行動(dòng)都基于自我服務(wù)的動(dòng)機(jī)，其預(yù)測(cè)行為的公式也是圍繞互動(dòng)的收益和成本來(lái)計(jì)算“利潤(rùn)”，由此推知,該理論的主要目的是使個(gè)人利益最大化。故選B。【33題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ManypsychologistsarguethatSETisdeeplyindividualistic,asitsuggestsindividualsevaluatesocialinteractionsbasedonpersonalgains.Accordingtothistheory,decisionsandbehaviorsaredrivenbyself-servingmotivations(許多心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為該理論具有強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義傾向，因?yàn)樗鲝垈€(gè)體會(huì)基于個(gè)人收益評(píng)估社交互動(dòng)。根據(jù)該理論，決策和行為受利己動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng))”和第二段中“Duringexchanges,individualsprioritizetheireconomicandpsychologicalneeds,whilemutualreliancebetweenpartiesformsthebasisofsocialinteractions.(交換過(guò)程中，個(gè)體優(yōu)先考慮自身經(jīng)濟(jì)與心理需求，而雙方的相互依賴(lài)構(gòu)成了社會(huì)互動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。)”可知,社會(huì)交換理論探討的是個(gè)人在社會(huì)互動(dòng)中基于自身利益和需求的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)。故選C。【34題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“SETexplainsthebehaviorofpeoplewhileexchangingsomething.Itisthestudyofhumanbehavioraccordingtosituations.Therearevarioustakeawaysofthistheory.Costsrefertoanything,includingtime,effort,andmoney.Rewardscanbeanything,suchasthesenseofacceptance,support,andcompanionship.Resourcesareanygoods,materialorsymbolic,whichcanbeconveyedthroughinterpersonalbehaviorandgiveonepersonthecapacitytorewardanother.(SET理論解釋人們?cè)诮粨Q物品時(shí)的行為。它研究的是人類(lèi)在不同情境下的行為。該理論包含許多要點(diǎn)。成本指任何事物，包括時(shí)間、精力和金錢(qián)。獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以是任何事物，例如被接納、被支持和被陪伴的感覺(jué)。資源指任何可以通過(guò)人際行為傳遞，并賦予一個(gè)人獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他人的能力的商品，無(wú)論是物質(zhì)的還是象征性的。)”可知,本段詳細(xì)解釋了SET的基本構(gòu)成要素,包括成本（時(shí)間、精力、金錢(qián)）、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（接納感、支持等）和資源（物質(zhì)或象征性商品）。這些內(nèi)容屬于理論的基礎(chǔ)概念，而非步驟或例子。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,criticsnotethetheoryoveremphasizesrewardswhileoverlookingculturalvariability,portrayingindividualsasinherentlyself-interestedandreward-driven.(但批評(píng)者指出，該理論過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)回報(bào)，忽視文化差異性，將人描繪為本質(zhì)上的利己主義和利益驅(qū)動(dòng)者。)”可知,整個(gè)社會(huì)交換理論只關(guān)注獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，忽視了文化背景和文化差異，把人簡(jiǎn)單地描述成個(gè)人主義和追求獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的人。由此推知，SET過(guò)度簡(jiǎn)化了人性。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.___36___Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.___37___Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.Accordingtothearticle,GuessWhoDoesn’tFitInatWorkbyresearcherLaurenRivera,“Theoriginalideawasthatifcompanieshiredindividualswhosepersonalitiesandvalues(andnotjusttheirskills)wereinlinewithanorganization’sstrategy,workerswouldfeelmoreattachedtotheirjobs,workharderandstaylonger.”___38___Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.___39___Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.___40___A.Ofcourse,culturalfitisnotabsolutebutrelative.B.Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.C.Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.D.Manyfirmsfeltastrongconnectionwiththeideasinthisarticle.E.Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.F.Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.G.In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.【答案】36.F37.E38.G39.C40.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要章介紹了公司文化作為包含員工、技術(shù)等要素的復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，闡述了文化契合的概念內(nèi)涵、歷史起源、學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展及其對(duì)員工行為適配性與組織穩(wěn)定性的重要影響。【36題詳析】上文“Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.(一家公司的文化就像一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，涉及一個(gè)復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其中包括員工，以及我們需要使用的技