PAGEPAGE42專題十八閱讀理解第10講閱讀理解解題方法指導教學目標教學目標1.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的命題規律；2.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的解題方法；3.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的高頻詞。名師點撥名師點撥北京中考閱讀理解CD篇命題規律總結 閱讀理解實力的培育是中學英語學習的一項重要任務，也是中考的一項重要內容。中考閱讀理解主要考察學生的語篇閱讀實力、分析和推斷實力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲得其中的主要信息，能做出正確推斷，然后依據試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。近年來漸漸顯現出文章易懂，但選題較難的趨勢，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘約40-50詞。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個原則：1.閱讀量約在350-450字之間；2.題材廣泛，包括日常生活類、人生百味類、科普環保類、教化類和社會現象類等；3.體裁多樣，以爭論文和說明文為主。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇考察的主要內容是：1.考查把握文章的事實和細微環節的實力；2.考查依據短文內容和考生應有的常識進行推理和推斷的實力；3.考查依據上下文揣測生詞的含義的實力；4.考查推斷作者意圖和看法的實力；5.考查駕馭所讀材料的主旨和大意的實力。 建議：平常閱讀理解要加強科普類、爭論類文章的閱讀，做題方法不要只停留在機械找尋信息上，留意文章寫作結構、主旨大意、觀點看法的理解上，閱讀英文原著，不要局限于中考試題。北京中考閱讀理解CD篇解題方法指導一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結尾，重要的情節句子，假如遇到未學或不相識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內容看明白，這樣又能協助進一步理解文章的主要內容，詳細做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中準確表達所要回答問題的關鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設計都是依據文章內容自上到下依次設計的，依據難度先解決簡潔的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細致閱讀一遍全文，進一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧題型題型一：細微環節理解題說明本類試題主要考察學生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環節或文章的主要事實的理解實力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、緣由（cause）、結果（effect）、文中的數據（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經常考察這些細微環節。設題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉述找答案3.多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題練習1.AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.（北京東城一模C篇）HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.It’snotajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.TheyareusingthesechickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfectsbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadamonghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.（北京海淀一模C篇）WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?A.Tohelpcleanuptheborder. B.Toseeifthevirusisstillaround.C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill. D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.3.FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(損害）byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.（北京朝陽一模C篇）Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10% B.30% C.40% D.50%參考答案：BBD題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學生的邏輯思維實力，即要求學生依據文章的邏輯關系進行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實進行推斷2.依據文章所供應的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷3.依據作者的意圖和看法進行推斷典題練習1.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滾屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.（北京東城一模D篇）Thewriteragrees . A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly2.“Perfectionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmakeasinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolseveryday?Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?“Youcanaskyourchild,‘WhydoyouthinkyouhavetogetstraightA's?”,Franksays.There'smoretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelhardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”（北京東城二模D篇）Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?A.Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.C.Preventingtheirchildrenfrommakingmistakes.D.Offeringalotofhelpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.3.WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whataboutyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?（北京海淀二模C篇）Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmartphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime參考答案：BBD題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實力是閱讀理解實力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據文中語境來推斷。設題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系揣測詞義3.通過構詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據上下文的指代關系揣測詞義典題練習1.Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.（北京東城一模D篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.2.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?（北京海淀一模D篇）A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.3.Bothcompaniesandindividuals（個人）canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesisthatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowtheyworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelytodobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdowntheirtransportationcosts.Theyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommuterscansavebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.（北京東城二模C篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?A.Health. B.Abilities. C.Spirits. D.Wealth.參考答案：ABC題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領悟和理解實力。設題方式1.問標題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題練習1.Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects（方面）ofthenewdevice.Isitapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?（北京海淀二模C篇）Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch：AConvenientWaytoExercise?2.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.（北京東城一模D篇）What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMalaysiathannow.Justturnthepagetoseesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.AndformoreinformationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisit.my.（北京朝陽二模C篇）Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?A.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia. B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehisownexperience. D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.參考答案：CDA語篇練習語篇練習北京中考閱讀理解CD篇分類練習日常生活類（北京中考C篇）AreYouRightHandedorLeftHanded?Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Whatcausespeopletobelefthandedorrighthanded?Expertshavesearchedlongandhardonthis.Theyconclude（得出結論）thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-hander.It’ssimplylikethecolorofoureyes–somepeoplehavebrowneyes,whilesomeothershaveblackeyes.However,mayresearchersthinkthatleft-handersandright-handersaredifferentinsomeaspects.Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.Manyright-handedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.Right-handersaregoodatorganizingpeople,too.Theyarealsobetterbasketballguards.JustaskYaoMing.Researchshowsthatleft-handersarecreativeandartistic.Manyfamousperformers,likeJimCarreyandPaulMcCartney,arelefthanded.Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually（在視覺方面）.Inart,bothLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelowerelefthanded.Inmusic,LudwigvanBeethovenwaslefthanded.Inscience,youfindNewtonandEinstein.Theleft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.Ifyoupreferonehand,butyouarestillgoodatwritingwiththeother,youaremixed.Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.Whatdidyoueatforlunchtwoweeksago?Ifyou’remixedhanded,youcanprobablyremember.1.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcuttingC.feelawkward D.changetheirtools2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.3.Accordingtothepassage,right-handers.A.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatleft-handers.A.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouseright-handedtools北京中考D篇ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilitytobecreative.Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwindow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.Thatcanbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,andstayoff-linefromtimetotime.”1.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.2.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.北京東城一模C篇Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.北京西城一模C篇Askids,welearnhowtowrite,maybeplayamusicalinstrumentanddraw.Sowhydon’twelearntocode(編碼)computerprogramstoo?Whatcodinghasincommonwithwriting,playingmusicandcreatingartisthatitletsyoubringyourideastolife.Codingisallaboutcreativityandthat’swhyIloveit.CreatingwithcodeCoderDojohelpsyoungpeoplearoundtheworldtolearncomputerprogrammingforfree.WhenIwenttomyfirstCoderDojoclassinDublinCityUniversityinIreland,atagenine,Ididn’tknowanythingaboutcodingorevenwhatitwas.ButIremembermakingmyveryfirstwebpagethatfirstday,andbeingsurprisedthatIcouldcreatesuchathing.ItwasagreatfeelingthatIthinkeveryyoungpersonshouldexperience!BygoingtoCoderDojoeveryweek,Ilearnedhowtomakewebsites,appsandgames.OneofmyappsiscalledAuto-Journalist.Itcanhelpjournalists(記者)andintervieweesdointerviewseveniftheyarebothreallybusyorliveindifferenttimezones.Itisstillindevelopment,andIhaveshoweditatalleventcalledCoolestProjectsAwards,whereyoungpeoplegettoshowthepublicwhattheyhavecreatedwithcode.It’ssomuchfuntoshareone’screations,andtoseewhateveryoneelsehasmadetoo.LearningenvironmentForthepastthreeyearsIhavealsobeenhelpingtoteachotheryoungpeopleatCoderDojoDCU.InrecentyearsIhavealsonoticedmanymoregirlsattendingCoderDojoDCUtotryoutcoding.ThishasalottodowiththeCoderDojogirls’classes—girlsandyoungwomentakepartinitwiththeirfriends，anditdoesn’tfeellikecodingisa“boything”.Itisreallywonderfultoseethis,becauseweneedmoregirlsandwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMaths).It’sagoodwaytolearnmoreabouttechnology.StartearlyOneofthemainthingsIhavelearnedinthelastfewyearsisthatcodingisnotonlyforadults,codingisforyoungpeople,too.Andwhenyouareachilditisagreattimetostartcoding,becauseyourimaginationisthelimitforwhatyoucancreate!Wanttolearnmore?FindoutifthereisaCoderDojonearyouatCoderdojo.comorsetoneupyourself!AlsocheckoutCode.orgwhichhaslotsoffundrag-and-dropcodinggames.1.Inthewriter’sfirstcodingclass,she_______.A.madeappsandgames B.createdawebpageC.wrotefornewspapers D.didsomeinterviews2.Whydomoregirlsbegintolearncoding?A.Therearecodingclassesforgirls.B.Girlswanttolearna“boything”.C.TherearemoregirlsinSTEM.D.Girlscanmeetcoolboysthere.3.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofcoding?A.Itisbetterthanplayingmusic.B.Itlimitschildren’simagination.C.Itstopspeoplefromlearningfast.D.Ithelpschildrenwiththeircreativity.4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.StartCodingasEarlyasPossibleB.ComeforFuninCoderDojoClassC.KidsShouldHaveChancestoLearntoCodeD.STEMISCallingforMoreGirlsandWomen北京海淀一模D篇Livingnexttonextistheprinciple(原則)ofaneighbor.Goodneighborlinessistheidealtobeaimedat.Asthesayinggoes,nomanisanisland;hehastolivewithhisneighbors.Tomakelifeeasyandpleasant,hemustcooperatewithhisneighbors.Whetheronelikesitornot,onecannotdowithoutneighbors.Normallyonemaythinkhecandowithoutneighborsbecausehecanmanageallcomfortsandservices,sotheservicesortheneedforafriendmaynothappen.However,thesympathy(憐憫),admirationandappreciationwhichaneighbormayofferwillhaveagreathumanizinginfluence.Toshareone’sviewandsometimesevensadness,oneneedssomeneighbors.Butallneighborsarenotalwayskeepingthefriendlyrelationship.Stressesandtension(驚慌)developbecauseofmisunderstanding.Veryoftenchildrenmaybethecausefortensefeelings.Theneighbor’ssonmaypickaflowerorafruitfromyourgardenandanargumentmayfollow.Againhemaythrowhisballatyourwindowbreakingit.Thesearecommoncasessofarastheyoungeroneisconcernedbutitisfortheelderstoviewthemwithcalmnessandmakeupforit.Thismayreadeasyonpaperbutnotsoinreallife.Butbeingbroadminded,onemustbeabletotolerate(容忍).Anotherreasonfortensionmaybetheanimals.Yourneighbor’sdogmaybearealtroubleorhischickenswouldcomeintoyourgardenandeatawayyourplants.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Neighborlinessisnotonlyforpeoplebutitisalsolargelyimportantbetweenneighboringcountries.Historyhasgotalottoteachonthis.Unlesscountrieslearntoliveasgoodneighbors,therecannotbepeaceonearth.Sochildrenmustbetaughtathomeandintheschooltocooperatewiththeneighborsandbefriendlywiththem.Thebasicruleistogiveandtakeandtodevelopasensethattheothermanhasasmuchrightasyoudo,andsomedegreeoftoleranceisverynecessary.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Oneisoftenneededbyhisfamily.B.Noonelikestobealoneonanisland.C.Everyonehastolivewithhisneighbors.D.Everyonelivesaneasyandpleasantlife.2.Whichofthefollowingmaycausemisunderstanding?A.Hobbiesandhabits. B.Childrenandpets.C.Sportsandgames. D.Likesanddislikes.3.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.4.Inthepassage,thewritertriesto____.A.showtheimportantofgettingonwithneighborsB.teachthebasicrulesofbehavingwellathomeC.explainthereasonsoflearningteamworkD.introducewaysofbeingabetterperson北京朝陽一模D篇EatingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNewZealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.MyfatherandIbeganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afewweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforuniversity,myfatherwalkeddownstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmotherwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswemadeweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Buttherewassomethingspecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays：anexcusetotalk,tothinkabouttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,Americanshardlyeattogetheranymore.Infact,mostAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.It’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消極的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地）.Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeoverweightcomparedtothosewhodo.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirparentsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUniversity.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(養分角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanopportunitytogetawaywithstress,achancetocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettershape,andbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogetheralsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsands