必修第一冊(cè)高二英語單元測(cè)試定心卷Unit5Workingtheland能力提升I.閱讀選擇1AresearchbytheNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsisseenasanimportantconfirmationofthe“Hispanicmortalityparadox(西班牙裔死亡率悖論).”O(jiān)naverage,Hispanicsoutlivewhitesby2.5yearsandblacksby7.7years.Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2006was80.6years,paredwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.ThereportshowsthattheHispanicpopulationhashigherlifeexpectancyatbirthandatalmosteveryagedespiteasocioeconomicstatuslowerthanthatofwhites.“Mortalityisverycorrelatedwithine,educationandhealthcareaccess,”saysElizabethArias,authorofthereport.“YouwouldexpecttheHispanicpopulationwouldhavehighermortality,inlinewiththeblackpopulation.”TheHispanicparadoxhasbeendocumentedformorethantwodecades,butthisisthefirsttimethegovernmenthashadenoughdatatoissuenationalnumbers.ResearchersarestrugglingtoexplainwhyHispanicslivelonger.“Wedon’tknow,”saysDavidHayesBautista,directoroftheCenterfortheStudyofLatinoHealthandCultureatUCLA’sDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicine.“Wethoughtitwasaprobleminthedata,butwecanprettymuchsaythisisreal.”Potentialfactors:·Cultureandlifestyle.Supportfromextendedfamilyandlowerratesofsmokinganddrinking.Latinogroupsinparticularhaveverystrongfamilyandsocialties.·Migration.The“healthymigranteffect”arguesthathealthypeoplearemorelikelytoemigrate.Andwhenimmigrantsbeeill,theymightreturnhomeanddiethere.“SolvingthepuzzlemayhelpthenationdealwithhealthcareissuesbecauseHispanicsusehealthservicesless—theymakefewerdoctorsvisitsandspendlesstimeinhospitals,”HayesBautistasays.“It’sclearlysomethingintheLatinoculture,”hesays.1.In2006,Hispanics’lifeexpectancyisyearslongerthantheaverageofthetotalpopulation.A.2.5 B.7.7 C.2.9 D.80.62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outlive”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Tolivelongerthan.B.Toliveshorterthan.C.Todieout.D.Toexpecttolive.3.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphthree?A.Hispanicswerebornbetterthanwhites.B.Moralityiscloselyrelatedwithhealthcareaccess.C.Whitesshouldhavelongerlifeexpectancy.D.Evenexpertscan’texplainthephenomenon.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了西班牙裔死亡率悖論，即盡管社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位低于白人，西班牙裔人壽命更長。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。有第二段中的“Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2006was80.6years,paredwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.”（2006年，他們出生時(shí)的預(yù)期壽命為80.6歲，而白人為78.1歲，黑人為72.9歲，總?cè)丝谄骄鶋勖鼮?7.7歲。）可知80.6歲77.7歲=2.9歲，西班牙裔預(yù)期壽命比總?cè)丝诘钠骄甸L了2.9年。故選C項(xiàng)。2.詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段“Onaverage,Hispanicsoutlivewhitesby2.5yearsandblacksby7.7years.Theirlifeexpectancyatbirthin2006was80.6years,paredwith78.1forwhites,72.9forblacksand77.7yearsforthetotalpopulation.”（平均來說，西班牙裔比白人多活2.5年，比黑人多活7.7年。2006年，他們出生時(shí)的預(yù)期壽命為80.6歲，而白人為78.1歲，黑人為72.9歲，總?cè)丝跒?7.7歲。）可知西班牙裔比白人活得久，outlive在此處意為“Tolivelongerthan”。故選A項(xiàng)。3.主旨大意題。由第三段“ThereportshowsthattheHispanicpopulationhashigherlifeexpectancyatbirthandatalmosteveryagedespiteasocioeconomicstatuslowerthanthatofwhites.“Mortalityisverycorrelatedwithine,educationandhealthcareaccess,”saysElizabethArias,authorofthereport.“YouwouldexpecttheHispanicpopulationwouldhavehighermortality,inlinewiththeblackpopulation.””（報(bào)告顯示，西班牙裔人口在出生時(shí)和幾乎每個(gè)年齡段都有較高的預(yù)期壽命，盡管社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位低于白人。該報(bào)告的作者伊麗莎白·阿里亞斯說：“死亡率與收入、教育和醫(yī)療保健機(jī)會(huì)密切相關(guān)。”“你會(huì)認(rèn)為西班牙裔人口的死亡率會(huì)更高，與黑人人口一樣。”）可知西班牙裔人口的死亡率會(huì)與黑人人口一樣，但事實(shí)是西班牙裔人口擁有更長的壽命，報(bào)告作者也弄不明白了，可推斷出第三段主要講即使是專家也無法解釋這種現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。2Peoplehavealwaysbeendefinedbytheirgeneration.Wehadthebabyboomersofthe1960s,followedbyGenerationXandthenGenerationY,oftenreferredtoasmillennials,andthenewkidsontheblockareGenerationZagedbetween16and22.It'seasytoclassifytheseyoungpeopleasallbeingthesame,sharingthesameattitudestowardslife—butisthatfair?PeoplefromGenerationZ,informallycalled"Zers",maybeviewedbyothersasdigitalnatives,incapableofrealworldfriendships.Buttheyactuallyviewthemselvesashardworking,ambitiousandabouttochangetheworldforthebetter.Thepreviousgeneration,bornbetweenthemid1980sandlate1990sthemillennialswerealsothoughttohavethesecharacteristics.Butmanypeopleviewthisnewgenerationas“minimillennials"becauseZersaredifferentandtheyhavetheirownsetofvaluesandpreferenceswhichconsumerbrandsneedtocaterfor.It'struetosaythattechnologyisplayinganimportantpartinthelivesofGenerationZ,particularlyintheareaofsocialmedia.Infact,theyhavenotknownlifewithoutitandusingittomunicate,shareideasandcampaignissecondnature.Itmeanstheyhavemoreofasayonwhatweeat,drinkandbuythananygenerationbeforethem.Theseyoungpeoplecertainlyneedtobelistenedtobyretailers（零售商）andbusinessestheyarethepeoplewithtimeontheirhandsandmoney.ButbeingaZereswithpressure.Oneyoungpersonsays"ManypeopleinGenerationZhavementalhealthissuesbecausethey'reunsurewhatthefuturewillbring."Thefuturealwaysbringsuncertaintiesbutmaybethereispressureforthisgenerationtobethemostsuccessfulever.4.WhenwasaZerlikelytobeborn?A.In1964. B.In1975.C.In1987. D.In1999.5.WhatdoZersseethemselvesas?A.Diligentandambitious. B.Hardworkingandincapable.C.Promisinganddifferent. D.Stressedandsuccessful.6.What'reParagraphs2&3tryingtoargue?A.Zershaveknownlifewithoutsocialmedia.B.Zerspaytoomuchattentiontodigitaldevices.C.Zersandthemillennialshavethesamepersonality.D.Zersbeeakeydrivingforceintheconsumermarket.7.WhatdocstheauthorthinkistherealcauseoftheZers'pressure?A.Theirambitiontobethebest.B.Theiruncertaintyofthefuture.C.Theiraddictiontodigitaldevices.D.Theirlackofrealworldfriendship.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了95后這一代人的特點(diǎn)，包括他們對(duì)自己的看法，壓力和對(duì)市場(chǎng)的影響。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段andthenewkidsontheblockareGenerationZagedbetween16and22（新一代是Z世代，年齡在16到22歲之間）可知，根據(jù)推算Z世代可能出生于1999年。故選D項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Buttheyactuallyviewthemselvesashardworking,ambitiousandabouttochangetheworldforthebetter（但實(shí)際上，他們認(rèn)為自己努力工作，雄心勃勃，即將把世界變得更美好）可知，95后認(rèn)為自己是勤奮的，有抱負(fù)的。A.Diligentandambitious勤奮有抱負(fù)；B.Hardworkingandincapable努力的和不能勝任的；C.Promisinganddifferent有前途和不同的；D.Stressedandsuccessful有壓力和成功的。故選A項(xiàng)。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段Theseyoungpeoplecertainlyneedtobelistenedtobyretailersandbusinessestheyarethepeoplewithtimeontheirhandsandmoney（零售商和企業(yè)當(dāng)然需要聽取這些年輕人的意見——他們有的是時(shí)間，有的是錢）可知，95后是消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。故選D項(xiàng)。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Thefuturealwaysbringsuncertaintiesbutmaybethereispressureforthisgenerationtobethemostsuccessfulever（未來總是會(huì)帶來不確定性，但也許這一代人有壓力要成為有史以來最成功的一代）可知，95后真正的壓力時(shí)他們渴望做到最好。故選A項(xiàng)。3Agricultureplaysanessentialroleintheriseofthehumancivilization.Eventhoughagricultureiscontributingtoemploymentofasignificantpartofthepopulationinmajoritynations,overtheyears,thepercentageofworkershaswitnessedasteepdecline.Accordingtoworldwideestimations,notevenfivepercentageofthepopulationinrichnationsisemployedintheagriculturalsector.AgricultureisstillthebackboneoftheeconomyinseveralnationsofAfrica.AccordingtodatareleasedbytheWorldBankin2017,thetoptencountrieswhereagricultureplaysavitalroleinemploymentareinAfrica.Burundi,thelandlockednationontheeasternsideofthecontinent,has91%ofitspopulationdependentonit.However,only15%ofthetotalagriculturalproductiongoestothemarket.Sweetpotatoes,beans,bananasandcorn,aresomemajorcropsproducedontheland.ThesecondlargestemploymentinagriculturewasalsoregisteredinanAfricancountry；Chadwith87%populationworkingonthefield.Othernationswhichfollowonthelistare：Somalia,CentralAfricanRepublic,Malawi,Eritrea,GuineaBissau,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Niger,Mauritania,MadagascarandMozambique.AmidthedevelopingcountriesofBRICS,itisIndiawheremorepeopleareemployedbyagriculture.TheagricultureinIndiacanbetracedbacktotheeraofIndusValleyCivilization.By2017,43%oftheIndianpopulationisdependentontheagriculturesectorforemployment.Meanwhile,manydevelopedcountrieswitnesslessthan15percentoftheirpopulationengagedintheagriculturesector.ThesenationsincludeGreece,Malaysia,Russia,NewZealand,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Germany,Canada,Australia,France,Italy,Japan,SaudiArabia,SouthAfrica,andmanyothers.AtthebottomoftheliststandUnitedArabEmirates,SingaporeandHongKong,with0%ofitspeopleemployedinagriculture.8.Whatdoesthewriterwanttohighlightinthefirstparagraph?A.Agricultureisthefoundationofcivilization.B.Agricultureisthemainsectorofemployment.C.Agricultureisthebackboneoftheeconomy.D.Theagriculturalpopulationisinsharpdecline.9.MostpartoftheagriculturalproduceinBurundi________.A.isforfamilyuse B.goestothemarketC.isusedforexport D.goestothegovernment10.WheredoesCentralAfricanRepublicrankinemploymentinagricultureintheworld?A.Second. B.Third.C.Fourth. D.Fifth.11.Wecaninferfromthetextthatthelargerpopulationinagriculture________.A.themoredevelopedthecountry B.thelessdevelopedtheeconomyC.themoreadvancedthecivilization D.thelongerthehistoryofacountry【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述世界農(nóng)業(yè)人口的變化以及某些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)人口比例。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的第二句“Eventhoughagricultureiscontributingtoemploymentofasignificantpartofthepopulationinmajoritynations,overtheyears,thepercentageofworkershaswitnessedasteepdecline.”可知，即使農(nóng)業(yè)年在大多數(shù)國家人口的就業(yè)做出重要貢獻(xiàn)，但是近幾年，農(nóng)業(yè)人口已經(jīng)在急劇下降。由此可見，作者在第一段想要強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)人口在急劇下降。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。9.推理判斷題。由第二段的第三句“Burundi,theontheeasternsideofthecontinent,has91%ofitspopulationdependentonit.”和第四句“However,only15%ofthetotalagriculturalproductiongoestothemarket.”可知，布隆迪，這個(gè)非洲大陸東邊的內(nèi)陸國家，它91%的人口依賴于農(nóng)業(yè)。但是，所有農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中只有的5%進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。由此可見，布隆迪的大部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都是用于家庭消費(fèi)使用。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的第一句“ThesecondlargestemploymentinagriculturewasalsoregisteredinanAfricancountry；Chadwith87%populationworkingonthefield.”和第二句“Othernationswhichfollowonthelistare：Somalia,CentralAfricanRepublic,Malawi,Eritrea,GuineaBissau,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Niger,Mauritania,MadagascarandMozambique.”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)第二大的也是在一個(gè)非洲國家：有87%的人口在田地工作的乍得國家。名單上其他緊隨其后的國家分別是：索馬里，中非，馬拉維，厄立特里亞，幾內(nèi)亞比紹，剛果，尼日爾，毛里塔尼亞，馬達(dá)加斯加和莫桑比克。由此可見，中非在世界農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)排名第四。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。11.推理判斷題。由第二段的第一句“AgricultureisstillthebackboneoftheeconomyinseveralnationsofAfrica.”和第四段的第一句“Meanwhile,manydevelopedcountrieswitnesslessthan15percentoftheirpopulationengagedintheagriculturesector.”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)在非洲的幾個(gè)國家中仍然是經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱。與此同時(shí)，很多發(fā)達(dá)國家參與農(nóng)業(yè)部分的人口少于15%。由此可見，農(nóng)業(yè)人口的比例越大，經(jīng)濟(jì)越不發(fā)達(dá)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。4Inanearlysurveyconductedin1888,abillionandahalfpeopleinhabitedtheearth.Now,thepopulationexceedssevenbillion.ThismeansthattheworldmustacmodateanewpopulationroughlyequaltothatoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaeverythreeyears.Eventhoughtherateofgrowthhasbeguntoslowdown,mostexpertsbelievethepopulationsizewillstillpasseightbillionsoon.Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthiseverincreasingpopulation,webegintoseetheproblem.Everyoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremetres.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminethetypeoflandwewouldhave.Notalllandisusefultohumansasitcannotproducefood.Wecancutoutaboutonefifthofitbecauseitispermanentlycoveredbysnowandice.Thenwecancutoutanotheronefifthbecauseitisdesert.Anotherfifthistoomountainousoristoogreataheightabovesealevel.Atenthdoesn’thaveenoughsoilforcropstogrowitisbarerock.Nowthepositionbeginstolookrathermombleak(荒涼)!Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butarewe?Weareconsumingits“capital”,whichmeansitsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatshareearthwithus.Thebirthofababyin,forexample,HongKong,imposesmorethanahundredtimestheamountofstressontheworld'sresourcesasababyinIndia.MostpeopleinIndiadonotgrowuptoowncarsorairconditioners.NordotheyeatthehugeamountofmeatandfishthattheHongKongchilddoes.Theirlifestylesdonotrequirevastquantitiesofmineralsandenergy.Also,theyareawareoftherequirementsofthelandaroundthemandtrytoputsomethingbackintonaturetoreplacewhattheytakeout.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofAmericaandCanada?A.Toemphasizethatworldpopulationhastobereduced.B.Togiveabriefhistoryofthepopulationgrowth.C.Tostresshowquicklytheworldpopulationisrising.D.Topointoutwhatalargepopulationtheyhave.13.Accordingtotheauthor,howmuchperpersonoftheearthssurfacecanbeusedtoproducefood?A.15,000squaremetres. B.25,000squaremetres.C.30,000squaremetres. D.40,000squaremetres.14.Whichofthefollowingbelongstovitalresources?A.Fossilfuels. B.Mineraldeposits.C.Chemicalfertilizer. D.Groundwater.15.Whencanlearnfromthepassagethat_____.A.differentlifestylesrequiresimilarquantitiesofresourcesB.aHongKongbabyconsumesmoreresourcesthananIndianbabyC.tropicalforestarebeingbetterusedforpasturelandD.natureispowerfulenoughtodestroyanaggressiveman【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界人口的快速增長，還有由于我們能用來生產(chǎn)食物的土地太少，所以我們要保護(hù)土地。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThismeansthattheworldmustacmodateanewpopulationroughlyequaltothatoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaeverythreeyears.Eventhoughtherateofgrowthhasbeguntoslowdown,mostexpertsbelievethepopulationsizewillstillpasseightbillionsoon.”可知，這意味著，世界每三年必須容納大約相當(dāng)于美國和加拿大的新人口。盡管人口的增長速度已經(jīng)開始放緩，但大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為人口規(guī)模仍將很快超過80億。由此可知，作者提到美國和加拿大的例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)世界人口的快速增長。故選C項(xiàng)。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Everyoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremetres.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminethetypeoflandwewouldhave.Notalllandisusefultohumansasitcannotproducefood.Wecancutoutaboutonefifthofitbecauseitispermanentlycoveredbysnowandice.Thenwecancutoutanotheronefifthbecauseitisdesert.Anotherfifthistoomountainousoristoogreataheightabovesealevel.Atenthdoesn’thaveenoughsoilforcropstogrowitisbarerock.”可知，每人能用來生產(chǎn)食物的土地面積是50，000*（11/51/51/51/10）=15，000。故選A項(xiàng)。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatshareearthwithus.”可知，我們還對(duì)其他通常不被認(rèn)為是不可再生的重要資源，如肥沃的土壤、地下水和與我們共享地球的數(shù)百萬其他物種，采取同樣的行動(dòng)。由此可知，地下水屬于重要資源。故選D項(xiàng)。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thebirthofababyin,forexample,HongKong,imposesmorethanahundredtimestheamountofstressontheworld'sresourcesasababyinIndia.”可知，例如，在香港出生的嬰兒，是印度嬰兒的世界資源消費(fèi)量的一百倍以上。故選B項(xiàng)。II.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeinglivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.16.Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.17.Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(遷徙)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.18.Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.19.Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplus（過剩）foodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.20.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.A20.F【解析】本文是說明文。文章的主題是城市化。文章講述了過去城市規(guī)模小，農(nóng)民人口多，到現(xiàn)代化之后，農(nóng)民人口變少，但農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量反而增加，更多的人住在城市，體現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的變遷。16.根據(jù)前一句“Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago”可知，此處講的是以前城市的情況，即第一座城市僅僅是5500年才出現(xiàn)的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有關(guān)于以前城市的描述。故選擇E。17.根據(jù)前一句的“Britainwasonlythebeginning”可知，英國只是個(gè)開始，關(guān)鍵詞beginning，因此后面出現(xiàn)的是soon，句意：英國只是個(gè)開始，很快，其他工業(yè)國家也變成了城市化社會(huì)。故選擇D。18.根據(jù)前一句的“Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms”可知，目前，超過82%的美國人住在城市，只有2%的人住在農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在講完了82%和2%之后，還有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推斷出，下一句講述的是therest即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，選擇B，其余的人住在城鎮(zhèn)里。故選擇B。19.根據(jù)前一句的“Ittookaboutninetyfivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities”可知，要有95個(gè)人在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作，才能養(yǎng)活5個(gè)城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，規(guī)模肯定很小，因此選擇A項(xiàng)，這種原因?qū)е铝顺鞘幸?guī)模很小。故選擇A。20.根據(jù)后面的“Today,insteadofneedingninetyfivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednonfarmers”可知，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)美國人在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作，可以養(yǎng)活100多個(gè)非農(nóng)美國人，因此現(xiàn)代化讓農(nóng)民更加多產(chǎn)，讓更多的人可以居住在城市里。故選擇F。III.完形填空In2000areportwaspublishedaboutwhattheearthmightbelike20yearsfromthenon.Thereportwasaresultofathreeyear21Accordingtothereport,thepictureoftheearthintheyear2020isnota22one.Theworldwillbemore23becausethepopulationwillcontinuetogrow.Thepopulationcouldbe246900million,almost2450millionmorethanin1995.Morepeoplewouldmoveintocities,especiallycitiesin25countries.CitieslikeCairoandJakartaprobablywould26have15millionbythen.Foodproductionwill27,butnotenoughtofeedallthepeople.Farmerswillgrow90%morefoodthantheydidin1995,28mostoftheincreasewouldbeincountriesthat29produceenoughfoodfortheirpeople.Littleincreaseis30inSouthAsia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Poorfarmingwaysare31largeareasofcropland,changingfarmsintodeserts.Morefarmlandis32ascitiesbeelargerandmorehousesarebuilt.33willgetworseasindustrialcountriesburnmorecoalandoil.Manyoftheworld’s34coulddisappearasmoreandmoretreesarecutdown.Energywillcontinuetobeaseriousproblem.Theexpertssaytheirpictureoftheearthfortheyear202035Theyonlycarriedoutthesituationthat36today.Bychangingthesituation,by37theproblems,thepicturecanbechanged.Thereis38timeforthenationsoftheworldtowork39aplanofaction.Buttheywarnedthat40toolongtomakedecisionswouldgreatlyreducethechancesofsuccess.21.A.learning B.project C.notice D.study22.A.pleased B.pleasant C.safe D.blue23.A.dangerous B.beautiful C.crowded D.terrible24.A.nomorethan B.asmanyas C.asmuchas D.aslargeas25.A.developing B.developed C.big D.mountainous26.A.none B.each C.all D.neither27.A.insist B.reduce C.increase D.continue28.A.so B.but C.or D.however29.A.already B.hardly C.partly D.never30.A.wanted B.lacked C.found D.expected31.A.destroying B.protecting C.disturbing D.interrupting32.A.saved B.lost C.discovered D.found33.A.Airpollution B.Waterpollution C.Somediseases D.Allfarmland34.A.animals B.plants C.forests D.people35.A.mustbetrue B.willetrue C.can'tbetrue D.maybewrong36.A.happens B.develops C.exists D.appears37.A.settling B.workingout C.answering D.dealing38.A.no B.still C.less D.plentyof39.A.about B.in C.out D.for40.A.working B.suggesting C.spending D.waiting【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D36.C37.A38.B39.C40.D【解析】試題分析：文章講述的是人口迅速增長帶來的一系列問題，號(hào)召我們一定要盡快采取行動(dòng)。21.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.project項(xiàng)目；C.notice注意；D.study學(xué)習(xí)；study意為“研究”，根據(jù)下文，這是指對(duì)未來20年地球上的情況變化所作的研究，故選D項(xiàng)。22.B考查形容詞辨析A.pleased高興的；B.pleasant令人愉快的；C.safe安全的；D.blue藍(lán)色的；與后面的人口增長，環(huán)境污染等聯(lián)系起來看，在2010年地球上的狀況將會(huì)令人不愉快，故選B項(xiàng)。23.C考查形容詞辨析A.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；B.beautiful漂亮的；C.crowded擁擠的；D.terrible可怕的；因?yàn)槿丝诶^續(xù)增長，所以世界會(huì)越來越擁擠，故選C項(xiàng)。24.D考查短語辨析A.nomorethan不在；B.asmanyas一樣多；C.asmuchas一樣多；D.aslargeas一樣大；指人口數(shù)目的多用large，不用small。指人口達(dá)到某一數(shù)目用“aslargeas+數(shù)詞”，故選D項(xiàng)。25.A考查形容詞辨析A.developing發(fā)展中；B.developed發(fā)達(dá)的；C.big大的；D.mountainous多山的；從現(xiàn)狀來看，人口增長快的國家多為發(fā)展但不發(fā)達(dá)的國家；而城市人口急劇增長的則是一些發(fā)展中的國家(developingcountries)，故選A項(xiàng)。26.B考查代詞辨析A.none沒有；B.each每一個(gè)；C.all所有；D.neither兩個(gè)中一個(gè)也沒有；前面提到了兩個(gè)城市，故此空只能填each。neither具有否定意義，不合句意，不能插入謂語之中，故選B項(xiàng)。27.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.insist堅(jiān)持；B.reduce減少；C.increase增加；D.continue繼續(xù)；相臨幾句是講糧食增長問題，故選increase“增長”。28.B考查連詞辨析A.so因此；B.but但是；C.or否則；D.however然而；前后兩句具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義：農(nóng)民所生產(chǎn)的糧食將比1985多90%，但多數(shù)增產(chǎn)糧食的國家是已經(jīng)有足夠糧食供人們生活的國家，故選B項(xiàng)。29.A考查副詞辨析A.already已經(jīng)；B.hardly幾乎不；C.partly部分地；D.never從不；由下句可知：是指已經(jīng)有足夠糧食供人們生活的國家，故選A項(xiàng)。30.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.wanted想；B.lacked缺少；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.known知道；句意為：在亞洲南部的國家預(yù)計(jì)增產(chǎn)幅度不大，故選C項(xiàng)。31.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.destroying破壞；B.protecting保護(hù)；C.disturbing打擾；D.interrupting打斷；由changingfarmsintodeserts可知：不當(dāng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式毀壞(destroy)了大片生產(chǎn)糧食的土地，故選A項(xiàng)。32.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.saved救；B.lost失去；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；由于擴(kuò)建城市，修建房屋，必然侵占大量農(nóng)田，故選lost33.A考查名詞辨析A.Airpollution空氣污染；B.Waterpollution水污染；C.Somediseases一些疾病；D.Allfarmland所有的耕地；由burncoalandoil必然排放大量煙霧，可推知：此處指空氣污染，故選A項(xiàng)。34.C考查名詞辨析A.animals動(dòng)物；B.plants植物；C.forests森林；D.people人；由moreandmoretreesarecutdown可推知：此處指森林(forests)可能消失，故選C項(xiàng)。35.D考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)A.mustbetrue一定是真的；B.willetrue將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.can'tbetrue不可能是真的；D.maybewrong可能是錯(cuò)誤的；此句意為：專家說地球到2010年的狀況可能會(huì)不好，故選B項(xiàng)。36.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.happens發(fā)生；B.develops發(fā)展；C.exists存在；D.makes使；由上下文可知：環(huán)境正遭受污染和破壞，專家們只是想保存今天的狀況，故選C項(xiàng)。37.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.settling定居；B.working工作；C.answering回答；D.dealing處理；句意，通過解決問題，這幅圖畫可以被改變。settletheproblems意為“解決問題”，故選A項(xiàng)。38.D考查形容詞辨析A.no沒有；B.still仍然；C.less比較少；D.plentyof許多；句意為：現(xiàn)在還有時(shí)間給世界各國制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，故選D項(xiàng)。39.C考查介詞辨析A.about關(guān)于；B.in在，里；C.out出去；D.for為了；句意為：現(xiàn)在還有時(shí)間給世界各國制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，workoutaplan意為“制定計(jì)劃”，故選C項(xiàng)。40.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析A.working工作；B.suggesting建議；C.spending花費(fèi)；D.waiting等待；句意為：專家們警告說等待太長的時(shí)間作出決定將會(huì)極大地減少成功的機(jī)會(huì)來源，故選C項(xiàng)。IV.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasallowedallcouplestohavetwochildren,41.(abandon)itsdecadeslongonechildpolicy.Thechangeofpolicy42.(intend)tobalancepopulationdevelopmentandaddressthechallengeofanagingpopulation.Withreferencetothenewpolicy,somesinglechildparentscan’twaittowelenewbabies.However,manyfactors43.(consider),somefeeladilemma,associatedwiththeirdecisiontohaveonemorechild.Foronething,itseems44.(benefit)astherearenootherchildreninthefamilyfortheonlychildtoassociatewith,45.mayleadtothechildfeelinglonelyattimes,especiallyduring46.(vocation).Foranother,amonargument47.havingjustonechildmaybemorespoiledthanonewithbrothersorsisters.Manypeoplebelievethatasinglechildwon'thavetolearntonegotiatewithothers,andrespectthegiveandtakeinvolvedinmanyrelationships.Somethinkthismayleavethechildlessabletointeract48.(good)withpeoplehisorherownagethanonewhohasbeenraisedwithbrothersorsisters.However,thepressureofgivingtimeandenergytoasecondchildcanseemtoogreat,particularlyforthosewithbusycareers,resultingin49.(they)selectingtohavenomorechildren.Forsomeotherparents,50.financialburdenofhavingasecondchildmaybetheprimeconsideration.【答案】41.abandoning42.isintended43.considered44.beneficial45.which46.vocations47.against48.well49.their50.the【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了不同的家庭就是否應(yīng)該有兩個(gè)孩子的不同的考慮和看法。41.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，邏輯主語China和abandon之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填abandoning。42.考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是句子謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)前文的hasallowed判斷為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，intend和主語thechangeofthepolicy之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)，故填isintended。43.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，consider和邏輯主語factors之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，故填considered。44.考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填形容詞作為seem的表語，故填beneficial。45.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞therearenootherchildreninthefamilyfortheonlychildtoassociatewith在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。46.考查名詞的數(shù)。vocation為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合句意可知，此處的“假期”不止一個(gè)，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填vacations。47.考查介詞。根據(jù)后文havingjustonechildmaybemorespoiledthanonewithbrothersorsisters.可知，這里表示“反對(duì)”，故填against。48.考查副詞。此處應(yīng)填副詞修飾動(dòng)詞interact，故填well。49.考查代詞。本句考查one’sdoingsth作賓語的用法，theirselectingtohavenomorechildren(他們選擇不要更多的孩子)，故填their。50.考查冠詞。句意：對(duì)于其他父母來說，再養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力或許是首要考慮的。此處特指養(yǎng)孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，故用定冠詞，故填the。V.應(yīng)用文寫作根據(jù)下列提示為21stCenturyTeens寫一篇題為DevelopmentofagricultureinChina的小短文。（詞數(shù)120左右）1.中國是一個(gè)有十三億人口的大國。2.在過去的二十多年間，中國發(fā)生了巨大變化，尤其在農(nóng)業(yè)方面。3.中國僅有世界7%的土地，卻成功地養(yǎng)活了世界22%的人口。4.其耕地(farmingland)的灌溉面積是世界上最大的。種植了世界三分之一的大米。漁業(yè)也非常重要，淡水魚隨處可見。5.廢棄的蔬菜(vegetablewaste)被用來養(yǎng)豬、養(yǎng)雞；人和動(dòng)物的糞便(waste)產(chǎn)生的氣體被用來供熱和做飯。6.如果世界上其他地方也像中國一樣重視和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，就不會(huì)再有饑餓。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DevelopmentofAgricultureinChinaChinaisalargecountrywithapopulationof1.3billion.Inthepasttwentyyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,especiallyinagriculturewheremodernbiotechnologyplaysaanimportantpart.Chinaonlyhasoccupiedtheworld7%lands,whichhassupported22%populationsintheworld.Theirrigationareaoffarminglandisthelargestintheworld,whichactuallyhasplantedtheworld’s1/3rice.Besides,fishingisalsoimportant.Freshwaterfishcanbeseeneverywhere.Vegetablewasteisusedtofeedpigsandchickens.Gasproducedfrom