選擇性必修Book3Unit3EnvironmentalProtection（A卷·知識通關(guān)練）一、重點短語1．對于有影響2．____________________提到；談到；涉及；參考3．____________________有助于；捐獻4．____________________把看作5．____________________另外；此外6．____________________對負(fù)責(zé)7．____________________同時；然而8．____________________滅絕；消失9．____________________代表；為了10．___________________導(dǎo)致；通向11．___________________尋找；搜尋12．___________________關(guān)于；就而論13．___________________幾十；許多14．___________________對感到敏感15．___________________沿著；與一道；連同一起【答案】1.haveanimpacton2.referto3.contributeto4.regard...as...5.inaddition6.beresponsiblefor7.atthesametime8.dieout9.onbehalfof10.leadto11.insearchof12.inreferenceto13.dozensof14.besensitiveto15.alongwith二、詞匯運用（1）.單詞拼寫1.Thousandsofbabypenguins_______（饑餓）todeathbecausethechangingclimateforcedtheirparentstoleavethemandtravellongdistancesinsearchoffood.2.Todealwithclimatechange,wemust______（抓住）theinitiativetodowhateverisnecessarytoprotectourenvironment.3.Thenovelpresentsoneaspectofthe_______（改革）inthecountryside.4.Children,when________（陪伴）bytheparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.5.LookingbackIfeel_____（祝福）someonehadwantedtohelpastranger.6.Themarkethasshown_______（每年的）growthof20percentforseveralyears.7._______（未料到）,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.8.It’s_______（不可思議的）howmuchTomhaschangedsincehemetSally.9.Shewas_______（對處以罰款）＄1,500fordrivingoffence.10.Environmentalistsadvocatepaperbagsshouldbe______（取締）somedayandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.【答案】1.starved2.seize3.reform

4.accompanied5.blessed6.annual

7.Unexpectedly8.incredible

9.fined

10.banned/prohibited【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：成千上萬的企鵝寶寶餓死了，因為氣候變化迫使它們的父母離開它們，長途跋涉尋找食物。根據(jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的時態(tài)forced可知，這里在描述過去發(fā)生的事情，主句也用一般過去時，“饑餓”翻譯為starve，是動詞，意為“挨餓”，starvetodeath“餓死”。故答案為starved。考查動詞。句意：為了應(yīng)對氣候變化，我們必須抓住主動權(quán)，采取一切必要措施保護我們的環(huán)境。“抓住”翻譯為seize，情態(tài)動詞must后跟動詞原形。故答案為seize。考查名詞。句意：這部小說反映了農(nóng)村改革的一個方面。“改革”翻譯為reform，既可以作名詞也可以作動詞，根據(jù)空前的the可知這里是名詞。故答案為reform。考查過去分詞。句意：孩子們在家長陪同下可以進入體育場。此處是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的省略，省略了與主句相同的主語和be動詞；“陪伴”翻譯為accompany，是動詞，與句子主語Children之間是被動關(guān)系，when加過去分詞在句中作時間狀語。故答案為accompanied。考查過去分詞。句意：回想起來，我為有人愿意幫助陌生人而感到慶幸。句中feel是連系動詞，“祝福”翻譯為bless，是動詞，其過去分詞為blessed，也可用作形容詞，意為“尊敬的，受祝福的，幸運的”。故答案為blessed。考查形容詞。句意：幾年來，該市場一直以每年20%的速度增長。空后growth是名詞，由形容詞修飾，“每年的”翻譯為annual

，是形容詞，在句中作定語。故答案為annual。考查副詞。句意：出乎意料的是，我與大猩猩面對面，它開始聲嘶力竭地尖叫。此處是副詞修飾整個句子；“未料到”翻譯為unexpectedly，是副詞。位于句首第一個字母要大寫。故答案為Unexpectedly。考查形容詞。句意：湯姆自從遇見莎莉后變化真大，令人難以置信。be動詞后面用形容詞作表語；“不可思議的”翻譯為incredible，是形容詞。故答案為incredible。考查過去分詞。句意：她因違例駕駛被罰款一千五百元。“對處以罰款”翻譯為fine，此處是動詞，且和主語she之間是被動關(guān)系，是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，be動詞已經(jīng)給出。故答案為fined。考查過去分詞。句意：環(huán)保人士主張有一天應(yīng)該禁止使用紙袋，并希望購物者多年都使用同一個可重復(fù)使用的袋子。“取締”翻譯為ban/prohibit，是動詞，且和從句主語paperbags之間是被動關(guān)系，是含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，shouldbe已經(jīng)給出，ban/prohibit的過去分詞是banned/prohibited。故答案為banned/prohibited。.單句語法填空Wecanbuilda_______（harmony）societyonconditionthateveryonebehaveshimself.Wheredidyoupick_____yourEnglish?You’vefailedtodowhatyou_______（expect）toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou._______（frequent）skippingbreakfastmayresultintirednessanddizziness,whichwillinfluencetheirstudies.Itissaidthatthe______（origin）ownerofthehouseisadentist.Theexperttoldusthatthisanimaldiedof______（starve）._______wewillstartschoolontimeisn’tknownyet.ThebeautyofWestLakeisso______thatit_______visitorsdeeply.（impress）Weather_______（permit），wewillgohuntingthisSundaymorning.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor______（lock）.【答案】1.harmonious2.up3.wereexpected4.Frequently5.original6.starvation7.Whether8.impressive；impresses9.permitting10.locked【解析】考查形容詞。句意：只有人人規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，我們才能建設(shè)和諧社會。空后society是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞harmony是名詞，其形容詞是harmonious，意為“和諧的”，在句中作定語。故答案為harmonious。考查動詞短語。句意：你在哪兒學(xué)的英語?動詞短語：pickup意為“偶然學(xué)到；撿起；獲得；中途搭車”。故答案為up。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：你沒有做到要求你做的事，我擔(dān)心老師會責(zé)備你。并列連詞and前面的分句中含what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句主語you和謂語動詞expect之間是被動關(guān)系，且在描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)中的be動詞與you保持一致，用were。故答案為wereexpected。考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)常不吃早餐會導(dǎo)致疲勞和頭暈，從而影響學(xué)習(xí)。空后skipping是動詞的-ing形式，由副詞修飾，所給詞frequent是形容詞，其副詞是frequently。故答案為frequently。考查形容詞。句意：據(jù)說這所房子原來的主人是個牙醫(yī)。空后owner是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞origin是名詞，其形容詞是original，意為“起初的，原創(chuàng)的，獨特的”，在句中作定語。故答案為original。考查名詞。句意：專家告訴我們這只動物是餓死的。動詞短語：dieof意為“死于”，后面用名詞、動名詞或代詞賓格作賓語；所給詞starve是動詞，其名詞是starvation。故答案為starvation。考查連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。句意：我們是否會準(zhǔn)時開學(xué)還不知道。此處是連詞whether“是否”引導(dǎo)的主語從句，位于句首第一個字母要大寫；if雖然也有“是否”的意思，但不能引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和介詞的賓語從句，只能引導(dǎo)動詞的賓語從句。故答案為Whether。考查形容詞和一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：西湖的美麗令人印象深刻，給游客們留下了深刻的印象。be動詞后面用形容詞作表語，所給詞impress是動詞，其形容詞是impressive，意為“給人印象深刻的”；這里在描述客觀事實，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中it是主語，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，第二空應(yīng)該填impresses。故答案為impressive；impresses。考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：天氣允許的話，我們這個星期天上午去打獵。willgo是謂語動詞，所給動詞permit應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞；permit的邏輯主語是weather，且之間是主動關(guān)系，但句子主語是we所以這里是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，permit的現(xiàn)在分詞是permitting。考查過去分詞。句意：整個下午他都鎖著門工作。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，thedoor和lock之間是被動關(guān)系，是過去分詞作賓語補足語。故答案為locked。三、重點句型這條繩子是那條的三倍長。（倍數(shù)的表達法）Theropeisthree______the____________thatone.昨天晚上我是在大街上遇見他的。（強調(diào)句型）____________inthestreet______I_____himyesterday.動動腦筋你就會想出一個好辦法。（祈使句+and結(jié)構(gòu)）Useyourhead,_____you__________agoodway.說實話，陪伴全家對他來說是春節(jié)最重的部分。（動名詞短語作主語）Honestlyspeaking,______hisentirefamily______the___________partoftheSpringFestival.到處生長著樹木和花，這公園在不同的季節(jié)展示出不同的美。（介詞with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語）_____treesandflowers__________,theparkshowsdifferentsidesbeautyindifferentseasons.【答案】1.times；lengthof2.Itwas；thatmet3.and；willfind4.accompanying；is；mostimportant5.With；growingeverywhere【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達法。倍數(shù)的表達法：表示“A是B的多少倍”（1）A+be+倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height/depthof+B；（2）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+B；（3）A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+B。此處表示“三倍長”用threetimesthelengthof。故答案為times；lengthof。考查強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句型：Itis/was+強調(diào)部分+that+其他，如果強調(diào)部分指人，也可用who代替that，此處強調(diào)地點狀語inthestreet，再根據(jù)yesterday可知，句子用一般過去時態(tài)。故答案為Itwas；thatmet。考查固定句型。固定句型：祈使句或名詞詞組，and（和，然后）/or（否則）+主語+表示一般將來時的陳述句。“你就會想出一個好辦法”翻譯為youwillfindfindaway.故答案為and；willfind。考查動名詞作主語和形容詞最高級。該句在描述客觀事實，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時；“陪伴全家”翻譯為accompanyinghisentirefamily，是動名詞短語作主語，后面的謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式is；“最重的部分”翻譯為themostimportantpart。故答案為accompanying；is；mostimportant。考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該句是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞/代詞+賓語補足語；“到處生長著樹木和花”翻譯為withtreesandflowersgrowingeverywhere，其中treesandflowers和動詞grow之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，且with位于句子開頭，首字母用大寫。故答案為With；growingeverywhere。四、語法精練（1）.單句語法填空1.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry______（reform）in1978.2.Ican’tworkwithallthatnoise______（go）on.3._______（be）abletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreatadvantagewhenyouarelookingforajob.4.Thereasonwhysomanyteenagersareaddictedtocomputergamesisthattheyfindthem_____（appeal）.5.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.______youdowillbeofgreathelptous.6.It’ssocoldthatyoucan’tgooutsideunlessfully______（cover）inthickclothes.7.Themen_______（seize）assoonastheyleftthebuilding.8.Itisuptoyou______（decide）whethertogoshoppingornot.9.Thechemistrylabistwice______（large）thanthatphysicslab.10.Thereare______（dozen）ofpeopleinthehall.【答案】1.reformed2.going3.Being4.appealing5.Whatever6.covered7.wereseized8.todecide9.larger10.dozens【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：自1978年改革以來，我國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。該句是復(fù)合句，含since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。故答案為reformed。考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：這么吵，我沒法工作。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，with后面的allthatnoise和go之間是主動關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。故答案為going。考查動名詞作主語。句意：在找工作的時候，能流利地說另一種語言是一個很大的優(yōu)勢。此處是動名詞短語作主語，且位于句首，第一個字母要大寫開頭。故答案為Being。考查形容詞。句意：這么多青少年沉迷于電腦游戲的原因是他們覺得電腦游戲很吸引人。動詞find+賓語+形容詞，其中形容詞作賓語補足語；所給詞appeal是動詞，其形容詞是appealing，意為“吸引人的”。故答案為appealing。考查主語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：你的支持對我們的工作很重要。無論你做什么都將對我們有很大幫助。willbe是謂語部分，所以youdo應(yīng)該是一個主語從句，從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和賓語，連接代詞whatever符合句意，且位于句首，第一個字母要大寫。故答案為Whatever。考查過去分詞。句意：天氣太冷了，除非你穿上厚厚的衣服，否則你不能出去。該句是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略，省略了相同的主語和be動詞，且主語you和cover之間是被動關(guān)系，所以這里用過去分詞。故答案為covered。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這些人一離開大樓就被抓住了。該句是復(fù)合句，含assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；主句主語Themen是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和謂語動詞seize之間是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合從句時態(tài)left，主句是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，be動詞用were。故答案為wereseized。考查動詞不定式。句意：去不去購物由你來決定。此處it作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正主語。故答案為todecide。考查比較級。句意：化學(xué)實驗室比物理實驗室大兩倍。根據(jù)than可知，設(shè)空處用比較級。故答案為larger。考查固定短語。句意：大廳里有幾十個人。固定短語：dozensof“許多，大量”。故答案為dozens。.單句寫作1．這所新校比老校大三倍。（倍數(shù)的表達）__________________________________________________站在樹下的是我們的班主任，他要給我們作報告。（倒裝句）__________________________________________________是他媽媽回來之后他才離開家的。（not...until的強調(diào)句型）__________________________________________________4．無論你做什么，我都會支持你。（讓步狀語從句）_________________________________________________5．湯姆住在亮著燈的那個房間里。（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語）_________________________________________________【答案】1.Thenewschoolisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone./Thenewschoolisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.2.Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher,whoisgoingtogiveusareport.3.Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathelefthome.4.Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou.5.Tomlivesintheroomwiththelightburning.【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達。倍數(shù)的表達法：（1）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+B；（2）A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+B。故答案為Thenewschoolisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone./Thenewschoolisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.考查倒裝句。該句使用了倒裝句，“站在樹下的是我們的班主任”翻譯為Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher，其中ourclassteacher是句子主語；“他要給我們作報告”翻譯為heisgoingtogiveusareport；ourclassteacher作先行詞，用關(guān)系代詞who代替he，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其補充說明的作用。故答案為Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher,whoisgoingtogiveusareport.考查not...until的強調(diào)句型。not...until的強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...+that+其他。“他媽媽回來”翻譯為hismothercameback；“他才離開家的”翻譯為helefthome。故答案為Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathelefthome.考查讓步狀語從句。“無論你做什么”翻譯為Nomatterwhatyoudo/Whateveryoudo；“我都會支持你”翻譯為Iwillsupportyou。故答案為Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou./Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該句描述目前的事情，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時，句子主語是是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；“亮著燈的那個房間”翻譯為theroomwiththelightburning。故答案為Tomlivesintheroomwiththelightburning.五、課內(nèi)語法填空___1___iswell-knowntoallisthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer,whichresults___2__meltingiceandrisingsealevels.In2013,adeadpolarbear___3___（find）onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Expertssaidthatitwaslowsea-icelevels___4___（cause）byclimatechangethatkilledthepolarbear.Scientistsmentionthatthe“man-made”greenhouseeffectis___5___bigproblem.Theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherand___6___（nature）disastersworldwide,causingseriousdamageandcostinghumanlives.Theglobalclimate’sfurtherwarmingresultedfromthecontinuedgreenhousegasemissions____7___（require）theattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtomakepoliciesandtakemeasures___8___（reduce）greenhousegasemissions.As___9___（individual）,weshouldalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxide___10___ourlifestylesproduce.【答案】1.What2.in3.wasfound4.caused5.a6.natural7.requires8.toreduce9.individuals10.that/which【解析】考查主語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：眾所周知，地球正變得越來越暖，這導(dǎo)致冰層融化和海平面上升。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二個is是主句的謂語動詞，后面是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，is前面應(yīng)該是一個主語從句，主語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語，what符合句意，且位于句首，開頭字母大寫。故答案為What。考查固定搭配。句意：眾所周知，地球正變得越來越暖，這導(dǎo)致冰層融化和海平面上升。固定搭配：resultin“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是”。故答案為in。考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意：1913年，人們在挪威北極的斯瓦爾巴群島發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只死去的北極熊。句子主語adeadpolarbear是單數(shù)第三人稱，和謂語動詞find之間是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)In1913可知，句子用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故答案為wasfound。考查過去分詞。句意：專家說，是氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰水平低導(dǎo)致了北極熊的死亡。that從句中，was是謂語動詞，所給詞cause應(yīng)該是非謂語動詞，且levels和cause之間是被動關(guān)系，是過去分詞作后置定語，后面的介詞by也是用過去分詞的明顯表示。故答案為cause。考查不定冠詞。句意：科學(xué)家提到“人為的”溫室效應(yīng)是一個大問題。此處“泛指”一個大問題。故答案為a。考查形容詞。句意：氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增加，造成嚴(yán)重破壞和生命損失。disasters是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞nature是名詞，其形容詞是natural，在句中作定語。故答案為natural。考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。句意：溫室氣體的持續(xù)排放導(dǎo)致全球氣候進一步變暖，需要世界各國人民的關(guān)注。該句在描述目前的客觀事實，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時；Theglobalclimate’sfurtherwarming是句子主語，單數(shù)形式，resultedfromthecontinuedgreenhousegasemissions是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾主語，謂語動詞require用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案為requires。考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：政府需要制定政策和采取措施來減少溫室氣體排放。此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語。故答案為toreduce。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：作為個人，我們還應(yīng)該通過限制我們生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳數(shù)量來減少我們的”碳足跡”。individual可以作名詞，意為“個人，個體”，也可以作形容詞，意為“單獨的，個別的，個人的”，在這里用作名詞，前面沒有冠詞之類的限制詞，所以用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為individuals。考查定語從句。句意：作為個人，我們還應(yīng)該通過限制我們生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳數(shù)量來減少我們的”碳足跡”。此處carbondioxide是先行詞，指物，后面的定語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語，所以定語從句由關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)，且做主語。故答案為that/which。六、書面表達假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim聽說外賣點餐(orderingmealsonline)在中國很流行，發(fā)來郵件詢問相關(guān)信息。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括:1.你是否經(jīng)常外賣點餐；2.你對外賣點餐的看法或感受。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua參考范文DearJim,You’requiterightaboutorderingmealsonlinebeingpopularinChina,especiallyforpeoplewhoaretoobusy(orjusttoolazy)tocook.Ioftenorderfoodonlinewhenmyparentsareatwork,orwhenmyfamilywantstotrysomethingthattastesdifferent.Thebestaboutitisthatit’sconvenient.Onejustneedstoplaceanorderandpayforitonline.Then,steaming-hotfoodarrivesatyourdoorstepwithinanhour.Moreover,therearemanychoices.Wecanorderandtastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants.Ithasalsocreatedmillionsofjobsandboostedthecateringindustry.Doesitsoundattractive?WecangiveitatrywhenyoucometoChina!Yours,LiHua七、對接高考1.閱讀理解第一節(jié)2022年高考英語全國乙卷閱讀理解C篇Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D【解析】28.A事實細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們在鐵路方面完全可以做同樣的事情，比如檢查鐵路線以及鐵軌和鐵路道岔的位置是否有問題等，使無人機在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能。故選A。29.C詞義猜測題根據(jù)第三段第二句…sendingmaintenancestaff…toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.可知maintenance是“維護，保養(yǎng)”的意思，C項Inspectionandrepair與句中的inspectandrepair對應(yīng)。故選C。30.A事實細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)最后一段第一句…detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.以及最后一句…theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.可知，無人機在鐵路出現(xiàn)任何安全問題之前可以檢測其故障，提前預(yù)警，以便高速行駛的火車能及時做出反應(yīng)。故選A。31.D主旨大意題通讀文章可知，本文介紹了無人機在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用，講述無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，包括使鐵路變得更安全、更可靠、更省錢等。故選D。2022年高考英語全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】32.C事實細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第二段中的FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.可知，征收糖稅的目的是減緩兒童肥胖癥問題，也就是保護兒童健康，故選C項。33.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第四段中的Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.可知，為應(yīng)對糖稅政策，一些飲品公司降低產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅，故選D項。34.D事實細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第五段However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax…可知，可口可樂公司接受了糖稅，而果汁、牛奶飲料和大多數(shù)的酒精飲料都是免稅的，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌，故選D項。35.B推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段第一句Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.可知，糖稅政策的實施，產(chǎn)生了積極的影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊，由此推斷出該政策是成功的，故選B。2021全國乙卷閱讀理解BWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede"inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】本文是一篇是以介紹了在手機普及的年代，55%的澳大利亞人家里仍有固定電話座機的使用情況說明文。同時文章簡要分析了這些家庭的固定電話使用情況，以及人們家備固定電話不同原因。24.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后二句話，重點緊扣“Infact”和“Practically”明確了“很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地?fù)艽蚝徒勇犽娫挕保卣f明手機在澳大利亞非常普遍。選項中A是目標(biāo)用戶；B是廣受歡迎；C是主要功能；D是復(fù)雜設(shè)計。故選B項。25.詞句猜測題。做題要根據(jù)具體語境。對應(yīng)劃線部分的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline”可以明確在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中三分之一的人承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性，保留固定電話只是多了一個安全保障。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認(rèn)”。選項A為承認(rèn)；B爭吵，爭辯；C記住；D評論，言論。故選A項。26題.推理判斷題。采用定位法。定位到第四段“BabyBoomers”,“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(嬰兒潮時代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號碼了)”和第五段“ourBabyBoomersparents”，“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是說，老實說，唯一打過我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項。27.推理判斷題。題目的對應(yīng)句“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”說明了固定電話總有一天會廢棄的。故選B項。第二節(jié)七選五2021全國乙卷英語七選五真題根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.___36___,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?",you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.____37___.itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle"or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.____38___?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.___39_____Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚).__40___.Justquicklytunaroundandsay,"Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion"Howdidyougethere?D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】36.B37.C38.F39.E40.G【解析】36.本題在段落之首，考查主題句。分析時找它承接上文的第一段中的it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty的內(nèi)容。同時本段中justshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers對這一段主旨作了細(xì)節(jié)呼應(yīng)。選項中的goxploring與該段中的beadventurous相對應(yīng)。故選B。37.從空后的itcanbringin“Ihavethisoldbroken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback”與C項“如果你問"你怎么來的?"對應(yīng)。此外，C項中的Ify