第第頁浙江省衢州市2022-2023學年高二下學期期末英語試題一、閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項.CHI'sAcademicYearProgram(AYP)isyourchancetostudyinAmericaandspendeitheranacademicyearorasemesterlivingwithavolunteerhostfamily.TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica:●Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18●Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam●ApplicationContactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered.●AdmissionandvisaOurAdmissionsDepartmentreviewsandacceptsyourapplication.WeissueandsendyouragencytheFormas-2019,whichistheofficialUSDepartmentofStatedocumentthatallowsyoutoapplyforandreceiveyourJ-1visa.OnceyoureceivetheDS-2019,youcanmakeyourvisaappointment.Whenthevisaisgranted,youareallsettotraveltoAmerica.●HomestayzksqMeanwhile,ourFieldandOperationsstaffworkhardtofindyoutheperfectfamilyandschoolassoonaspossible!Oncewefindtherighthostfamilyforyou,youcanstarttogettoknowyourfamilybyemail.●DeparttotheUSandmeetyourfamilyandfriendsYouragencywillbookyourflightaccordingtoyourschoolstartdate.Whenyouarrive,wewillgiveyouastudentorientation(迎新會)andintroduceyoutootherexchangestudentsandthesurroundingcommunity.Whenschoolstarts,youwillbegintheprocessofculturalexchange!Contactus:1-800-432-4643;1-415-459-5397Location:255WEndAvenueSanRafael,CA949011．Whocantakepartinthishomestayproject?A．ThoseinterestedinAmericanculture.B．Collegestudentswith220ontheELTISexam.C．14-year-oldstudentswithgoodgradedatschool.D．17-year-oldhighschoolstudentswith212ontheELTISexam.2．Howdothestudentsapplyforthisproject?A．Call-800-432-4643.B．Contactapartneragencyintheircountry.C．VisitCHI'swebsiteandfilloutanonlineapplication.D．ApplyinpersonatCHI'sheadquartersinSanRafael.3．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyfindthearticle?A．Tourism. B．Science. C．Education. D．Entertainment.閱讀理解Theotherday,Dino,ourneighboracrosstheroad,sawmeinfrontofournewhomeinItalyandcalledout,"Goodevening!"HisEnglish,thoughlimited,ismuchbetterthanmyItalian."YouOK?"heasked.Hehadgreetedmebefore,usuallywithagoodmorningoragoodevening.Once,seeinghimtryingtofixatallstreetlamp,I'dheldtheladderforhimtoclimb.Butthatwasprettymuchitforus:ageneralairoffriendliness,nothingmore.I'djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI'mlivinginatowninItaly'sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I'vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected.ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle.Icouldhavestayedbehindourgatestotalkwithhimthroughhisgates.ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour.Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid."Delicious!"Ideclared.IoncesawawonderfuldocumentaryaboutGregoryPeck.Init,theolderactortravelstoIrelandtomeethisnewgrandson.Butfirst,wanderingafield,hehappensuponafigtree.Hepicksafigandeatsitwithobviousdelight.Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe'dbothertoreachoutandtasteit.DinoandIrepeatedthissequencewithtreesbearingplumsandwalnuts,too—hepicking,Itasting.Despiteourdifferencesinlanguage—neitherofusknewmanyoftheother'swords—nothingimportantwaslost.Bothofusunderstoodallweneededtounderstand:thatnowweweretrueneighbors.4．Whatistheauthor'scurrentfeelingaboutthenewlivingsituation?A．Hefeelshappyandcontentwithhismove.B．Hefeelsseparatedandkindoflonelyinthenewtown.C．HefeelshomesickandwantstogobacktoNewYorkCity.D．Hefeelsthrilledtomeetnewpeopleinthenewcommunity.5．WhydidtheauthorcrosstheroadtowardDino?A．TohelpDinofixthestreetlamp.B．TobecomemorefamiliarwithDino.C．ToholdtheladderforDinotoclimb.D．ToavoidtalkingwithDinobehindthegates.6．WhatdidDinodowhileshowingtheauthoraround?A．Hepickedfruitsfortheauthortotaste.B．Heshowedoffhisprivatepossessions.C．Hetoldthestoryofhisfamilymembers.D．Hetaughttheauthorhowtoplantfruittrees.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebyrecallingthedocumentary?A．Thefigisreallythesweetestfruit.B．Figtreescansurviveinanyplaces.C．Lifeisamixtureofsweetandbitter.D．Sweetnessexistsinlifeeverywhere.閱讀理解ThejackfruitisadeliciousfruitfoundthroughoutcertainpartsofAsia.Butthereismoretothefruitthanjustitstaste.Whenconsideringthefruit'sEnglishname,itiseasytobecomeoverwhelmedwithquestionslike:"WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?"Surprisingly,"jackfruit"isn'taperson'snameatall.Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceoforigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack,whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit,accordingtoNationalPublicRadio(NPR).Unfortunately,noonecalledJackhasbeenproventobeinvolvedatanypointinthisprocess.Thereisanotherfood,however,thatwasdirectlynamedafteraperson—thesandwich.Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.Thisnewly-createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.Themidnightsnackquicklybecamepopularamongeverydaypeople,andbeforelongeveryonewasmakingtheirownsandwiches.Thatishowthesandwichwasinventedandgotitsname.Awayfromtheworldoffood,therearemoreexamplesofnamesinspiredbypeople.Longjohns,thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter,aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering(比賽).Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(詞源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overwhelmed"inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Puzzled. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Annoyed.9．Wheredoesthejackfruit'snamecomefrom?A．AplaceinIndia. B．AnIndianword.C．APortugueseexplorer. D．Adiscovererofthefruit.10．Whatdoweknowaboutthesandwichaccordingtothetext?A．Itwasnamedafterapopularcardgame.B．Itwasonceeatenasasnackinthedaytime.C．ItwasfirstpopularamongtheUK'smiddleclass.D．Itwascreatedfortheconvenienceofplayingcards.11．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toraisereaders'interestinetymology.B．Tointroducethingsnamedafterpeople.C．Tostresstheimportanceoflearninghistory.D．Toexplaintheeffectsofpeople'snamesonfood.閱讀理解Ifhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow.GrowingmeatfromcellsevenonEarthisn'teasy.Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled"cultivation(培養)".Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou'dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored."Animalcellsgrowslowly,"saysDavidHumbird,achemicalengineer."Ifbacteriaweretogetintothecultivation,itwouldgrowmuchfasterfromanimalcellsanditwilljusttakeoversoyouaren'tmakingtheanimalcellsanymore.Youaremakingbacteria.Andyouhavetothrowitaway,"saysMrHumbird."Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?"KarenNybergisaformerastronaut.Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions."Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon'thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure."ForMsNyberg,freshfoodandvegetablesarevitalifhumansareexpectedtobeawayfromEarthforyearsatatime.CertainlyifhumanityisseriousaboutputtingpeopleonMars,howtofeedastronautswithnutrient-richfoodthatdoesn'tspoil—andtastesgood—isanimportantanddifficultmystery.12．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thetasteoflab-grownmeat.B．Thereasonsforgrowingmeatinspace.C．Thepotentialbenefitsofgrowingmeat.D．Theprocessofgrowingmeatfromcowcells.13．WhatisDavidHumbird'sattitudetowardgrowingmeatinspace?A．Optimistic. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Indifferent.14．WhatcanweinferfromwhatKarensaid?A．Eatingisalwaysaproblemforastronauts.B．FoodtastesmuchbetterinspacethanonEarth.C．Growingmeatdoesgoodtoastronauts'mentalhealth.D．Astronautssufferfrommentalillnessesafterlongspacetasks.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Canmeatbegrowninspace?B．Canastronautsenjoymeatinspace?C．Canmeatinspacebedelicioustoeat?D．Canlab-grownmeathelptackleclimate?二、任務型閱讀(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項.Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentallyitisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential.16．However,therearesomepracticalwaysyoucantry.Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately.17．Thebatteryitselfmightnotworkagain,butitcanbereplacedfairlyinexpensively.Takeitapart.Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately.18．Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp.19．Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn'tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance.Letitdry.Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton.20．Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone.A.Avoidmineraldamage.B.Putmineralsinfreshwater.C.Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether.D.Ifreplacingthebatteriesdoesn'twork,havethecellphonefixedimmediately.E.Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless.F.Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair.G.Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit.三、完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項.Whilehavingawalkwithmyhusbandtoenjoyautumnweather,Inoticedacarhadbrokendown.Westoppedtooffer21．However,otherssimplywalkedaway.Wehaveachoicetohelpor22．certainsituations,butwouldn'ttheworldbeamuchbetterplace,ifwechoosenottolookaway?Forexample,whenweseeinjustice(不公平)aredone,shallwejuststandbyorgetourselves23．?Whenwefindsomeoneisunfairlytreatedorjudgedfortheappearance,shallwesilently24．ourheadsorstandupstraight?Societyassumeditis25．tolookaway,butweallneedtolearnnottowhetheritisduetocoldness,fearorignorance.Yearsago,Ihelpedagirlwhohadfallenoffherbikeandgaveherwordsof26．whileakindstrangerwascallingtheambulance.Shortlyafter,our27．relievedherpain.Everybodyelse—passers-by,cyclistsanddrivers28．juststaredatusastheywentby.Anothertime,Ididnot29．tostopbeforeadeadcatandthemaninthecarbehindme30．helpedmecarrythecattothegrassyvergebeforeit31．thedangerofgettingflattened.ThenIknockedondoorstryingtofindand32．theowner.However,Ifounditevenmorefrustratingtoseethe33．ofcommunity.Maywechoosenottolookawaywhentheopportunity34．Wemayverywellbeanangelorheroforsomebodywhoneedsourhelporsimply35．somebody'sdaywithameresmile.21．A．assistance B．reward C．prospect D．explanation22．A．recognize B．prevent C．ignore D．monitor23．A．involved B．buried C．interested D．absorbed24．A．raise B．nod C．lower D．cover25．A．cruel B．normal C．impolite D．realistic26．A．preference B．vigor C．forgiveness D．comfort27．A．ability B．effort C．faith D．method28．A．alike B．alone C．particularly D．regularly29．A．follow B．wander C．attempt D．hesitate30．A．moderately B．voluntarily C．formally D．slightly31．A．risked B．perceived C．distinguished D．reduced32．A．convince B．guarantee C．inform D．warn33．A．lack B．strength C．existence D．regulation34．A．responds B．displays C．arises D．disappears35．A．putsupwith B．benefitsfromC．dealswith D．brightensup四、語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式.LesserFullness,orXiaomaninChinese,isoneofthe24solar36．(term)inthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.ItusuallyfallsonaroundMay21stor22ndannually,37．thesunreachesdegreesofthecelestiallongitude.Thissolarterm38．(mark)thestartofthesummerseasoninChina,whichischaracterizedbyrisingtemperaturesandincreasedrainfallinmostregions.zksqDuringXiaoman,farmersinChinabegintoworkinthefields39．(intensive),plantingcropssuchasrice,corn,andbeans.Manyregionsalsoexperiencethe40．(grow)ofmushrooms,bambooshoots,andotheredibleplants.InChineseculture,Xiaomanisalsoatime41．familyreunionsandcelebrations.Itisapopulartimeforweddingsandotherfestiveevents.ThereisasayinginChinathatgoes"Xiaomanrainisasgoodasoil"becausetherainduringthissolartermisconsidered42．(benefit)forcropsandagriculture.43．(believe)toprovidewarmthinthebodyandhelptopreventsummerdiseases,certainfoodssuchasmuttonanddogmeatareeatenduringXiaoman.XiaomanisanimportantsolarterminChina44．(signal)thebeginningofthesummerseason.Itisatimeforagriculturalactivities,familycelebrations,andtheconsumptionofcertainfoodsanddrinks.Understanding45．significanceofXiaomancanhelppeopletoappreciatetherichculturaltraditionsofChina.五、書面表達46．假如你是校詩詞協會會長李華，隨著中國傳統文化的"再流行"，學校決定舉辦校園詩詞朗誦大賽，請你以詩詞協會的名義用英語為你校交換生擬一則活動通知。內容要點如下：1.比賽的時間、地點；2.比賽的主題及安排；3.歡迎大家積極參加。詩詞朗誦大賽PoetryRecitationContest注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。NoticePoetryAssociation47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。AfterflyingallnightfromWashington,D.C.,IwastiredasIarrivedatahospitalinDenvertoholdaworkshoponvolunteerspirit.AsIenteredthehospital,atiredmiddle-agedmancameoverandaskedme"AreyoutheheadoftheMake-A-WishFoundation?""Yes,"Ireplied."Well,mynameisCaleb.MydaughterNicolawasdiagnosedasabraintumor(腦瘤).Herdyingwishwastolearnfigure-skatingandperformedinpublic."sobbedthetearpoorfather."Here'sNicola."Calebsaidasheputherskinnyhandinmine.Beforemestoodasixteen-year-oldgirlwearingabrightredandorangehattocoverherhead,whichwasbaldfromallofthechemotherapytreatments(化療).Smilingshyly,thegirlbeganherstory.Whenlimitedtoherhospitalbed,Nicolatookcomfortinwatchingherfavoritesport–figureskating-onTV.Astheskaterstwirled(旋轉)intheairandglidedacrosstheice,Nicolapicturedthatshewasoneofthem,zigzaggingacrossaglitteringicerank(溜冰場)astheaudiencecheeredhername.Aftermonthsofisolation,Nicolawantednothingmorethantobesurroundedbyacrowdofadoringsupporters.Whenshelearnedshewouldbegrantedawish,Nicolacametofindmewithhope.Sheknewthatwhatshehadimaginedforherselfwouldfinallybecomeareality."Sir,couldyoupleasehelpme?"Nicolauttered,withvoiceabittrembling.Tearswellinginmyeyes,Iwaschokedup.Iclearedmythroat,smiledandsaid,"Sweetheart.Thanksformakingawish.Let'smakeithappen."Sooneverythingwaspreparedforher.Together,aprofessionalfigureskaterLindaandacommunityofkind-heartedsupporterswerecalledintohelp.Alocalentertainmentvenuewasarranged.Forthefollowingtwomonths,Nicolabeganhertraining.Shefailedcountlesstimesintheprocessofbeingaskater.However,whenevershefell,shestruggledtopullherselfupandnevergaveup.注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應位置作答。

Afterweeksoftraining,thebigdayfinallycame.

Whentheperformancewasover,Nicolawasawardedaspecialmedal.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了中學生參加CHI的學術年度計劃(AYP)的要求，申請流程以及通過該計劃進行文化交流的好處。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內容并進行理解。1．考查細節理解。根據TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica部分中的"Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18"15至18歲的高中生；以及"Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam"ELTIS考試成績至少為212分。可知，只有年齡在15至18歲之間，并且ELTIS考試分數達到212分的高中生才可以參與這個寄宿家庭計劃。故選D。2．考查細節理解。根據Application部分中的"Contactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered."聯系您本國或附近國家/地區的合作伙伴機構。我們還可以向您發送您附近的合作伙伴列表。他們將為您設置申請，并讓您知道需要提交什么才能被考慮。可知學生需要聯系自己所在國家的合作機構，申請并了解所需提交的材料。故選B。3．考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了學生參與在美國學習和寄宿家庭項目的相關信息和流程，與教育相關，所以最可能出現在雜志的教育板塊。故選C。【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者從紐約搬到意大利普利亞的故事，以及在一個新地方感到脫節的經歷。作者與鄰居迪諾的互動以及在迪諾花園的樹上收獲水果產生了一種真正的聯系和社區感，因為他們發現語言障礙與他們的新友誼無關，并得出結論，他們現在是真正的鄰居。作者用這種情況來評論生活的甜蜜，以及伸出手去體驗它的必要性。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查推理判斷。根據第三段"I'djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI'mlivinginatowninItaly'sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I'vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected."我剛剛結束了在紐約46年的生活。但現在我住在意大利普利亞地區的一個小鎮上，除了我的家人，這里的每個人都是陌生人。而且，像我們這樣生活在農村，我開始感受到與外界隔絕的痛苦。可知，作者目前對新的生活狀況的感受是在新城市里感到孤獨。故選B。5．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle."因此，這似乎是一個稍微了解迪諾的機會；以及"ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour."但我卻穿過馬路朝他走去。我站在街上與迪諾和他的妻子格拉齊亞交談——我用英語，他們用意大利語。一分鐘后，他們邀請我進去參觀。可知，作者穿過馬路跟迪諾說話，是因為想要更多的了解他，跟他更熟悉一些。故選B。6．考查細節理解。根據第五段"Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid."這里有一棵無花果樹，樹上結滿了成熟的無花果。迪諾摘了一些水果，把一個撕成兩半，把一半放進嘴里。他把另一半遞給我，示意我照做，我照做了。可知，在帶作者參觀的同時，迪諾還摘了一些無花果給作者品嘗。故選A。7．考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段段中"Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe'dbothertoreachoutandtasteit."對我來說，這一幕捕捉到了生活的甜蜜，以及這種甜蜜是如何圍繞著我們的——只要我們愿意伸出手去品嘗它。可知，作者想通過回憶這部紀錄片來證明生活中處處都有甜蜜。故選D。【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英語中一些單詞的起源以及背后的故事。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查詞義猜測。根據第一段中的""WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?""可知，人們對這種水果的名字存在疑問"杰克是誰？他為什么有自己的果子呢？"，即對名字感到困惑。故劃線詞意思是"困惑的"。故選A。9．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceoforigin."這種水果的名字最初來自印度南部的單詞chakkapazham，印度被認為是這種水果的原產地。可知，杰克果的名字從一個印度詞來的。故選B。10．考查細節理解。根據第三段中的"Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork."在18世紀，打牌玩到深夜在英國上流社會成為一種時尚。三明治伯爵四世JohnMontagu養成了把冷牛肉夾在兩片面包之間點餐的習慣，這樣就不用離開賭桌或使用刀叉就能吃到夜宵。可知，三明治是為了方便打牌而發明的。故選D。11．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段"Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(詞源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?"在英語中還有許多其他像這些有趣的詞源。所以，下次當你發現一個有趣的名字時，為什么不去探索一下它的歷史呢？可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是提高讀者對詞源學的興趣。故選A。【答案】12．D13．C14．C15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人類在月球或其他行星建立社區時如何供應食物的問題，測試是否可以在這些條件下培養肉類細胞，不同的人對此擁有不同的觀點。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查段落大意。根據第二段中的"Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled‘cultivation(培養)'.Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou'dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored."來自牛的細胞(盡管它可能是任何動物)被喂食它們生長所需的物質，如氨基酸和碳水化合物。這些細胞不斷繁殖，直到形成肌肉組織，最終變成你可以吃的肉。這個過程被稱為"培育"。可知，本段主要介紹了用牛的細胞培育肉的過程。故選D。13．考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的"Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?"那些在可食用物質上生長的細胞將是糖、氨基酸和水。生成的細胞的熱值總是小于這個值。在最好的情況下，你可能可以恢復25%的卡路里，并把它們作為食物吃。所以問題是，為什么你要把所有這些卡路里都拖進太空，浪費其中的75%呢?可知，Humbird認為在太空中生產肉類浪費的部分要比可用的部分更大，所以DavidHumbird對其態度是不贊同的。故選C。14．考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的"Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions.‘Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon'thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure'"她說，食物在太空任務中起著至關重要的作用。"像奶粉這樣的食物是宇航員的常規食物來源，而在太空中生產的肉類是我們沒有的。所以這樣的事情會讓我們感覺很好，減輕我們的壓力。"可知，KarenNyberg認為在太空中生產肉類可以增加宇航員們食物，這樣的食物讓人感覺好，減輕壓力，因此推斷即對宇航員的心理健康有益。故選C。15．考查主旨大意。根據第一段"Ifhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow."如果人類真的想在月球或其他星球上建立社區，他們吃什么?一項新的測試已經開始，看看肉細胞是否能生長。；以及通讀全文可知，本文討論了肉細胞是否可以在太空條件下培養的問題。"肉能在太空中培養嗎?"概括文章內容，適合做本文的標題，故選A。【答案】16．F；17．E；18．C；19．A；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了關于如何拯救手機遇水，并給出了一些建議和方法來最大程度地減少損害并盡量恢復手機的功能。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空前"Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentally,itisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential."假設你的手機不小心掉入水中，通常可以拯救它。時間至關重要。可知，手機掉水里時間至關重要，說明手機容易損壞，F.Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair."將手機放在水中幾秒鐘可能會損壞它，無法修復。"承接上文，符合語境，故選F。17．根據空前"Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately."取出電池。從水中取出手機后，接下來要做的就是立即取出電池。可知本段主要內容與取出泡水的手機電池有關，推測下文可能會說明原因，E.Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless."這降低了短路的風險，短路使您的手機無法使用。"承接上文，符合語境，故選E。18．根據空前"Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately."如果您將手機掉入水中，如果可以的話，將其拆開并讓所有部件分別干燥也很有幫助。可知本段主要講述了泡水的手機可以拆開干燥；以及空后"Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp."如果您遇到困難，您可以尋求專業幫助。可知空前應為如果您決定拆開手機讓它干燥，重要的是要了解并具備正確的組裝知識和技能。如果在沒有正確理解的情況下拆卸手機，可能會造成進一步的損壞，或導致手機在干燥后無法正常工作。C.Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether."只要確保你知道如何將它們重新組合在一起。"符合語境，故選C。19．根據空后"Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn'tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance."如果您將手機掉落在不純凈的水或其他液體中，請在取出電池后用清水清洗手機。記得！在淡水中快速清洗不太可能造成任何進一步的損害，但鹽、糖或其他材料可能會造成任何損害。此外，酒精浴將去除礦物質和其他類似物質。可知，如果手機掉入的不是純凈的水，例如海水或含有其他物質的液體，建議用清水清洗手機。這有助于去除手機上的礦物質或其他可能造成損害的物質。A.Avoidmineraldamage."避免礦物質損傷。"符合語境，故選A。20．根據空前"Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton."清潔手機后，請將其放在溫暖干燥的地方或空調附近至少三天，然后再嘗試更換電池并打開它；以及空后"Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone."將手機放入裝滿干米粒的容器中也有助于將其干燥。確保米飯完全覆蓋手機。可知，手機要干燥，空處應是手機要干燥的原因，G.Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit."這是因為最輕微的水蒸氣會與電池發生反應并導致其短路。"符合語境，故選G。【答案】21．A；22．C；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．A；29．D；30．B；31．A；32．C；33．A；34．C；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述了作者在日常生活中遇到的一些情境，提出了選擇幫助他人或選擇漠視的問題。作者認為選擇幫助他人而不是漠視他們可以讓世界變得更美好。通過舉例子和個人經歷，作者強調了我們應該選擇去關注和幫助他人，而不是置之不理。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：我們停下來提供幫助。A.assistance"幫助"；B.reward"回報，獎勵"；C.prospect"前景"；D.explanation"解釋"。根據上文"Inoticedacarhadbrokendown"可知作者注意到一輛壞了的汽車，停下來提供幫助。故選A。22．句意：我們可以選擇幫助或忽略某些情況，但如果我們選擇不去漠視，世界不是會變得更美好嗎？A.recognize"識別"；B.prevent"阻止"；C.ignore"忽視"；D.monitor"監視"。根據語境可知，在某些情況下我們選擇幫助還是忽視，如果我們選擇不去漠視，世界是否會變得更美好。故選C。23．句意：例如，當看到不公平的待遇，我們應該參與還是袖手旁觀。A.involved"參與"；B.buried"埋藏"；C.interested"使感興趣"；D.absorbed"吸收"。根據語境可知是與st