北京市豐臺區2023-2024學年高一下學期期末考試英語一、第一部分知識運用（共兩節,30分）第一節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Tenyearsago,IhadjuststartedmyfirstjobasaMedicalRepresentativeinasmalltowninIndia—butwas1．everymomentofit.Ihadthe2．topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneed3．frommyoriginalplanofpursuing(追求)aPh.Dinformydrugsornot.Tomakemattersworse,Iwasbiology.Allthesethoughtswerecrowdingthroughmymind,asIwasdrivingmyscooteraroundthetownvisitingonedoctorafteranother.Atoneofthetrafficlights,Ihitaredandhadtowaitforthesignaltoturngreen.Inoticedthattherewasahugerocklyingnearthesquare—aresultofsomebody'scarelessness.Yetnobodythoughtitvehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless.4．togetoutoftheSuddenlyInoticedayoungkidcrawlinghiswayacrosstheothersideoftheroad.Hemusthavehadaseriousinfectionofpolio(小兒麻痹癥)whenhewasababy.Hewascrawlingonbothhishandsand5．hisbodybehindhim.Thisguycameuptotherockwithalookonhisfaceshowingthathedidnotbelieveinhishandicap(殘疾).Hewaslookingatthatrockwith6．—asifsayingtothestone"Youareaninstrumentofmywill."He7．topushtherocktothesideoftheroad.Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface,showingthathehassomethingthatable-bodiedpeoplelikemewereavoidingdoing.8．Andlookingatthiskidforthisbrieftime,IwasremindedhowsmallmytroubleswereinrespecttohisandhowmuchIwasworryingaboutthem.SincethenIhavenever9．.IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences.To10．,thisistheovation(鼓掌)Iwishtogive—thoughbelatedly.thatunknownmessengerofhopeand1．A．expecting2．A．pressure3．A．passing4．A．difficult5．A．dragging6．A．anxietyC．confusionB．regrettingB．desireC．missingD．wonderingD．chanceC．pleasureC．departingC．possibleC．liftingB．developingB．dangerousB．shapingD．startingD．worthwhileD．foldingB．determinationD．amazement7．A．plannedB．failedC．learntD．managed第1頁8．A．recalledB．consideredC．preservedB．givenupD．workedoutC．courageD．accomplished9．A．calmeddownC．brokenin10．A．cooperationB．generosityD．enthusiasm二、第二節（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區域作答。閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。In2023,13.9millionpeople?11．?(visit)theSpain'sCanaryIslands—that'ssixtimesmorethan?alltourismbecauseitthenumberofpeoplewhoactuallylivethere.Localssaytheyarenot?12．createsjobsandmoney,buttheywanttheirgovernmenttoputalimitonthenumberoftourists.Theythinkthegovernmentshouldworkouthowmanytouristscanbesupported,sothattheCanariescanbecomeanexampleof?13．?(sustain)tourism.閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。Inspring,thousandsofbirdsflynorthtobreedinSiberia.Somebirdseatgrassshoots?14．?starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason.Thisfoodsourceisonlyavailableforafewweeks?(cause)byclimatechangecansometimesmakethegrassgrowearlierthanandrisingtemperatures?15．usual.Thismeansthatsomebirdsarearrivingtoolatetoeatthegrass,?16．foodsource.Asmoreandmorelandisusedforfarming,thenaturalwetlands?17．foodaredisappearingtoo.?(leave)themwithouta?birdsliketosearchfor閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。DylanAllman,aged18,recentlyreceivedanawardforhisworktoprotecthedgehogs(刺猬).Theaward??(go)toinspiringpeoplewhomakechangesintheircommunity.Allman'smissionstartedfouryearsago??hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden.Earlierthisyear,helauncheda18．19．program,inwhichateamofvolunteersrescuedinjuredhedgehogsinpartsofWales.Allmanalsovisitedschoolstoteachpeopleabouthedgehogsandraisedmoney?20．?(support)animalrescuecenters.三、第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節,38分）第一節（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghaiChinaThecityofShanghaihasbroughttogetherdiversepeoples,cultures,andeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChinaandaroundtheworld.Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity.Programdates:November8,2024toDecember21,2024Applyby:August25,2024第2頁ProgramStructureThissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently.OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thegroupmovestoafieldsiteforahands-onresearchpracticum(實踐操作課)incompanies,governmentoffices,andcommunities.Overtheweekend,youtryyourownhandsatexploringthecityanditseconomy,workingoncreativeprojectsand/orresearchpapers,withaflexiblefinalprojectformatthataccommodatesstudentpriorities.Theprogramcountsastwosemester-longcoursesofdegreecredit(學分),4creditseach.BothprogramcoursescancounttowardsEastAsianStudiescredit.AccommodationsYouwillliveinanon-campushotelinoneofChina'smostdistinguishedacademicinstitutions.Hotelservicesincludewi-fi,dailyhousekeeping,safeforstorageofvaluables,cafeteriaandgym.Apartfromallthepracticalconveniencesofastudentdistrict,thecampusalsoofferslibraryaccessandwillbeanidealbaseforyourcreativeandresearchprojects.ApplicationToapply,youmust:?Beatleast18yearsold?Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege?BeingoodacademicstandingStudentsenrolledatanyuniversityarewelcometoapply.TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline.Ifyouhavequestionsabouttheapplication,pleasecontacttheHarvardStudyAbroadOfficebyemailatwinterabroad@.21．Ifyoutake2024HarvardWinterProgram,you____.A．willliveinahotelnearHarvardcampusB．willspendtwelvedaysintotalonseminarsC．canget4creditstowardsEastAsianStudiesD．mustcompletearesearchpaperforaproject22．Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisprogram,youmust____.A．beahighschoolsenior第3頁B．havereceivedhands-ontrainingC．haveworkexperienceincompaniesD．finishnolessthanoneyearofcollege23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tostressthevalueoftakingawinterprogram.B．Toattractmorepeopletoapplyforawinterprogram.C．ToshareamemorableexperienceatHarvardUniversity.D．TointroducerequirementsforafinalprojectatHarvardUniversity.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。"Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh."I'msurethatT.J.Warewasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.Byhighschool,T.J.wasthemostcelebratedtroublemakerinhistown.Hewasalwaysimpolite,didn'tanswerquestionsandgotintolotsoffights.ImetT.J.forthefirsttimeataweekendleadershipprogram.Atthestartoftheprogram,T.J.wasliterallystandingoutsidethecircleofstudentswiththat"goahead,impressme"lookonhisface.Theicereallymelted(融化)whenthegroupsstartedbuildingalistofpositiveandnegativethingsthatoccurredatschoolthatyear.T.J.hadbrilliantthoughtsonthosesituations.TheotherstudentsinT.J.'sgroupwelcomedhiscomments.AllofasuddenT.J.feltlikeapartofthegroup,andbeforelonghewasbeingtreatedlikealeader.Thenextfollowingdays,T.J.wasveryactiveinallthesessions.LaterhejoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewsomethingaboutpoverty,hungerandhopelessness.Theotherstudentsontheteamwereimpressedwithhispassionateconcernandideas.Bytheendoftheprogram,thestudentselectedT.J.co-chairmanoftheteam.Manypeoplecouldn'tbelievethattheprincipal(校長)wouldallowthiscrucialbeginningtoathree-yearactionplantostayintheincapablehandsofT.J.Ware.Twoweekslater,T.J.andhisfriendsledagroupof70studentsinadrivetocollectfood.Theycollectedaschoolrecord:2,854cansoffoodinjusttwohours.Asthelocalnewspapercoveredtheeventwithafullarticle,T.J.startedshowingupatschooleverydayandansweredquestionsfromteachersforthefirsttime.Later,heledasecondproject,yielding9,000cansoffoodinonedayandtakingcareof70percentoftheneededfoodforthehomelessshelterforoneyear.T.J.remindsusthatabirdwithabrokenwingonlyneedsmending.Butonceithashealed,itcanflyhigherthantherest.T.J.gotajob.Hebecameproductive.Heisflyingquitenicelythesedays.24．Atfirst,whatwasT.J.knownforinthetown?A．Misbehaviorandrudeness.B．Popularityinhisgroup.C．Pooracademicperformance.D．Activenessinclassdiscussion.第4頁25．WhatchangedT.J.'sattitudetowardstheprogram?A．Gettingsupportfromtheprincipal.B．JoiningtheHomelessProjectteam.C．Beingtheco-chairmanoftheteam.D．Gaininggroupmembers'recognition.26．Whatcanbelearntfromthestory?A．Liketeacher,likepupil.B．Neverfishintroubledwater.C．Donotjudgeabookbyitscover.D．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Foryears,scientistshavebeentryingtofigureoutwhether"brainworkouts"suchaspuzzles(字謎)andonlinecognitivegamescouldstrengthenourmindsandslowtheprocessofaging.Now,astudyhasfoundthatregularlyattemptingacrosswordmayhelpslowdeclineinsomepeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(障礙),anearlystageoffalteringmemorythatcansometimesprogresstodementia(癡呆癥).Whilethestudydidn'tinvestigatewhethercrosswordsbenefityoungeradultswhoarenotdealingwithcognitivedecline,itsuggeststhatkeepingyourmindactiveasyouagemaybenefityourbrain.Andtheresearchoffershopetothosediagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthattheymaybeabletostaveofffurtherdeclinesinthememory,languageproblemsanddecision-makingthatarethehallmarkofthecondition.TheAmericanAcademyofNeurologyestimatesthatmildcognitiveimpairmentaffectsabout8percentofpeopleages65to69;10percentofpeopleages70to74;15percentofpeopleages75to79;25percentofthoseages80to84;andabout37percentofpeople85andolder.Theresearch,whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstituteonAging,recruited107adultsages55to95withmildcognitiveimpairment.For12weeks,theywereallaskedtoplayoneoftwotypesofgames,fourtimesaweek—spendingeither30minutesonLumosity,apopularcognitivetrainingplatform,or30minutesattemptingadigitalcrossword.After12weeks,theparticipantswerereevaluatedandgiven"booster"dosesofgameplaysixmoretimesduringthe78-weekexperiment.Bytheendofthestudy,participantsweregivenstandardassessmentsusedtomeasurecognitivedecline,andfriendsandfamilyreportedontheirday-to-dayfunctioning.MRIscansalsowereusedtomeasurebrainvolumechanges.Researchersfoundthatinkeymeasurements—cognitivedeclinescores,functionalskillsandbrainvolumechanges—theregularcrosswordplayersfaredbetterthanthegameplayers.第5頁Thefindingsurprisedthescientistsbehindthestudywhohadexpectedthatchallengingweb-basedbraingames,whichwerespecificallydesignedtoboostcognitivefunction,wouldofferthemostbenefit."Ourstudyshowsthatinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment,crosswordpuzzlesbeatthecomputerizedgamesonmultiplemetrics,"saidMuraliDoraiswamy,aco-authorofthestudy."So,ifyouhavemildcognitiveimpairment,whichisdifferentfromnormalaging,thentherecommendationwouldbetokeepyourbrainactivewithcrosswordpuzzles."PeoplewithhigherdegreesofcognitiveimpairmentappearedtobenefitthemostfromdoingthecrosswordwhichwasdesignedtobeamoderatelydifficultpuzzlecomparabletotheThursdaygame.Thestudyhaslimitations.Someoftheparticipantsmayhavejustbeenmorefamiliarwithcrosswordsandthat'swhytheyrespondedbettertothepuzzlesthantoLumosity'scomputergames.Moreyearsoffollow-upalsoareneededtodeterminewhetherinterventionssuchascrosswordpuzzlescan"trulypreventdementia,"Doraiswamysaid.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"staveoff"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Promote.B．Prevent.C．Experience.D．Cause.28．Paragraph4iswrittento____.A．showaconcerningconditionC．presentreal-lifeexamplesB．comparedifferentgroupsD．proveanassumption29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．One'sdegreeofcognitiveimpairmentdependsonhowoldheis.B．Solvingcrosswordpuzzlesisarecommendationtoelderlypeople.C．Theefficiencyofpuzzlesinpreventingdementiahasbeenproved.D．Crosswords'effectsarelinkedtohowseriouscognitiveimpairmentis.30．Whatmakesthefindingsofthestudyfarfromconclusive?A．Thelackofvariables.B．Theweaknessesofassessments.C．Theinsufficiencyoftimespan.D．Thesubjects'preferenceforgames.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APerspectivearticlepublishedinNaturethisweeksaysthatAIsystemsposeafurtherrisk:thatresearchersenvisionsuchtoolsaspossessedofsuperhumanabilitieswhenitcomestoobjectivity,productivityandunderstandingcomplexconcepts.ScientistsplanningtouseAI"mustevaluatetheserisksnow,whileAIapplicationsarestillnascent(未成熟的),becausetheywillbemuchmoredifficulttoaddressifAItoolsbecomedeeplyembeddedintheresearchpipeline",writeco-authorsLisaMesseriandMollyCrockett.第6頁Inthisarticle,MesseriandCrockettputtogetherapictureofthewaysinwhichscientistsseeAIsystemsasenhancinghumancapabilities.Inone‘vision',whichtheycallAIasOracle,researchersseeAItoolsasabletotirelesslyreadanddigestscientificpapers,andsosurveythescientificliteraturemoreexhaustivelythanpeoplecan.InbothOracleandanothervision,calledAIasArbiter,systemsareperceivedasevaluatingscientificfindingsmoreobjectivelythandopeople,becausetheyarelesslikelytocherry-picktheliteraturetosupportadesiredhypothesisortoshowfavouritisminpeerreview.Inathirdvision,AIasQuant,AItoolsseemtosurpassthelimitsofthehumanmindinanalyzingvastandcomplexdata.Inthefourth,AIasSurrogate,AItoolssimulate(模擬)datathataretoodifficultorcomplextoobtain.Informedbyanthropologyandcognitivescience,MesseriandCrockettpredictrisksthatarisefromthesevisions.Oneistheillusionofexplanatorydepth,inwhichpeoplerelyingonanotherperson—or,inthiscase,analgorithm—forknowledgehaveatendencytomistakethatknowledgefortheirownandthinktheirunderstandingisdeeperthanitactuallyis.AnotherriskisthatresearchbecomesskewedtowardsstudyingthekindsofthingthatAIsystemscantest—theresearcherscallthistheillusionofexploratorybreadth.Forexample,insocialscience,thevisionofAIasSurrogatecouldencourageexperimentsinvolvinghumanbehaviorsthatcanbesimulatedbyanAI—anddiscouragethoseonbehaviorsthatcannot,suchasanythingthatrequiresbeingembodiedphysically.There'salsotheillusionofobjectivity,inwhichresearchersseeAIsystemsasrepresentingallpossibleviewpointsornothavingaviewpoint.Infact,thesetoolsreflectonlytheviewpointsfoundinthedatatheyhavebeentrainedon,andareknowntoadoptthebiases(偏見)foundinthosedata."There'sariskthatweforgetthattherearecertainquestionswejustcan'tanswerabouthumanbeingsusingAItools,"saysCrockett.Theillusionofobjectivityisparticularlyworryinggiventhebenefitsofincludingdiverseviewpointsinresearch.Ifyou'reascientistplanningtouseAI,youcanreducethesedangersthroughanumberofstrategies.Oneistomapyourproposedusetooneofthevisions,andconsiderwhichtrapsyouaremostlikelytofallinto.AnotherapproachistobedeliberateabouthowyouuseAI.DeployingAItoolstosavetimeonsomethingyourteamalreadyhasexpertiseinislessriskythanusingthemtoprovideexpertiseyoujustdon'thave,saysCrockett.31．AccordingtoParagraph2,whichmightscientistsagreewith?A．Humanintelligencecan'tbeovershadowedinanalyzingdata.B．PrejudicehasbeenruledoutbyAItoolsinscientificevaluation.C．Studieswithdesiredhypothesisareusuallyfavoredinpeerreview.D．AIcanconductarelativelythoroughoverviewofthepriorresearch.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skewed"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Declining.B．Partial.C．Dynamic.D．Irrelevant.第7頁33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．RelyingonAItofillgapsintheteam'sknowledgeismuchpreferable.B．AIisn'tlimitedtotheoutlookandbiasespresentwithinitstrainingdata.C．InstantactionsmustbetakentorateAI'srisksbeforeitisfullyintegratedintoresearch.D．UserscountingheavilyonAItendtounderestimatetheirinsightofaconcept.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ACallforConsideredUseofAIinScienceB．TheUnseenBiasesofAIinSocialScienceC．AI'sRoleinEnhancingHumanExpertiseD．HowAIIsShapingScientificDiscovery四、第二節（共5小題;每小題2分,共10分）根據短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howobjectiveareyou?Howoftenareyouover-reactingtosituations,takingthingspersonallyorjudgingpeopleunfairly?Wealldothisatsometimeoranother.?35．?.Understress,mostofusdrawsolelyonourpastexperiencesandbiases,whichcloudourabilitytoseethingsclearlyandmakesoundjudgments.Moreover,ourdesiretosucceedisoftensostrong,that,undertheseintensecircumstances,ourlimitingmentalmodelstendtogetinourway,creatingevenmorestressandcausingustoreactinwaysthatwemayregret.Ourabilitytobeobjectivedependsonourwillingnesstoquestionourmentalmodels,thelensthroughwhichweperceive,interpretandrespondtoourworld.Ifourmentalmodelsareincorrect,thenourunderstandingofwhatisgoingonandourresponsetoit,areoftenincorrect.?36．?.Thegoodnewsisthatwithpractice,wecaninterruptourautomaticreactions,andchooseadifferentresponse.Eachtimewedothis,wearere-wiringourneuralnetworkbycreatingnewpathwaysbasedonnewmodels:newwaysofperceivingandrespondingtoourworld.?37．Oneofthemostpowerfulmentalmodeltransformationcatalysts(催化劑)isnewknowledgeorlogicthatchallengeoldwaysofthinking.?38．?They'veusuallybeenwithusawhile,sowetendtotrustthem.For?.mostofus,wehaveneverbeentaughtaboutmentalmodelsandhowtoevaluatethemtodetermineiftheyarehelpfulorharmful.Totransformunproductivementalmodels,wemustchangeourmind!Wehavetodecide,throughourownlogicandreason,whetherourwayofseeingtheworldisnolongervalidforus.?39．?Itisinthewakeofthisnewknowledgethattransformationtakesplace.Atthatmoment,asetofnewconnectionsiscreatedinthebrain.It'sthesenewconnectionsthathavethepotentialtoenhanceourmentalresourcestohelpustransformlimitingmental第8頁models.A.Wecanactuallylearntothinksmarter!B.Anobjectiveleadermustjudgeandtreatpeoplefairly.C.Thisrequiresthatwebeopentonewknowledgeandreasoning.D.Thekeyistoacceptaproblemasitoccursandnottakeitpersonally.E.Thisiswhywesometimesmisjudgesituationsandtakethingspersonally.F.Aswehaveseen,mentalmodelsaredeep—rootedbeliefswetendtoholdonto.G.Thechallengeisthatwhenweareunderpressure,wetendtobelessobjective.,3212小題;共12,在設空處填入恰當的單詞。請在答題卡指定區域作答。40．Withtheprogressofnewmedicalresearch,I'm?againoneday.（根據句意填空）?thatpeoplelikemewouldbeabletowalk41．Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless?wasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.（用適當的詞填空）?ofthecity'speople,anewTangshan42．Soonafter,however,problemscameupandthe"whitebikes"all?amatterofweeks!（用適當的詞填空）?—thievesstolethemallin43．Untilhepassedawayin1961,Meihadbeenperformingandencouragingthe?almost60years.(根據句意填空)?ofPekingOperafor44．Ofcourse,therearestillenvironmentalrisks.However,theseshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemore??thisbalance.(根據句意填空)45．Bike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy,reduceairandnoisepollution,andenjoythe??ofexerciseincities.（用適當的詞填空）46．Whenacquiringnewknowledge,I'lltrytomake??withwhatIhavealreadylearnt.（根據句意單詞拼寫）47．Iamproudthatwebuiltour"impossible"railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironment??.(用適當的詞填空)48．XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithher??tothenewenvironment.（用適當的詞填空）49．TheorganizationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirm??,andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.（用適當的詞填空）50．Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedin??withnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.(根據句意填空)第9頁51．??withpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentangles.（用適當的詞填空）六、第二節（20分）52．假設你是紅星中學高一學生李華。你校公眾號英語欄目正舉辦主題為"用英語講中國故事"的征文活動。請你寫一篇短文投稿，介紹能代表中國形象的優秀人物事跡、傳統藝術形式或獨特的自然人文景觀，并闡釋其能代表中國形象的原因。習作要求主題鮮明、細節描述能體現主題；語言準確得體；詞數100左右。第10頁答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．A；3．C；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．D；9．B；10．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位醫療代表在殘疾小孩的勇氣和希望激勵下，重新找回自我價值和追求夢想的故事。【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。1．句意：十年前，我剛開始我的第一份工作，在印度的一個小鎮擔任醫療代表——但我每時每刻都在后悔。A.expecting"期待"；B.regretting"后悔"；C.missing"錯過"；D.wondering"想知道"。根據下文"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者很后悔干這個工作，因為無論是否有人需要作者的藥，作者都需要推銷。故選B。2．句意：不管我的藥是否有需求，我都有推銷和銷售的壓力。A.pressure"壓力"；B.desire"渴望"；C.pleasure"快樂"；D.chance"機會"。根據空后"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者面臨的是推銷和銷售藥的壓力。故選A。3．句意：更糟糕的是，我偏離了攻讀生物學博士學位的原計劃。A.passing"經過"；B.developing"發展"；C.departing"離開"；D.starting"開始"。根據空前"Tomakemattersworse"可知，作者沒能按原計劃讀生物學博士學位，departfrom固定短語，"背離"。故選C。4．句意：然而，沒有人認為值得下車，把石頭搬到路邊，這樣它就可以安然無恙地躺在那里了。A.difficult"困難的"；B.dangerous"危險的"；C.possible"可能的"；D.worthwhile"值得的"。根據空后"getoutofthevehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless"可知，沒有人會覺得把石頭搬到路邊是值得的。故選D。5．句意：他用雙手匍匐著，身子拖在身后。A.dragging"拖"；B.shaping"塑造"；C.lifting"舉起"；D.folding"折疊"。根據空前"Hewascrawlingonbothhishands"可知，他用雙手爬，所以是拖著自己的身體。故選A。6．句意：他堅定地望著那塊石頭，仿佛在對那塊石頭說："你是我意志的工具。"A.anxiety"焦慮"；B.determination"決心"；C.confusion"困惑"；D.amazement"驚詫，驚奇"。根據空后"Youareaninstrumentofmywill"可知，那個孩子很堅定地望著石頭。故選B。7．句意：他設法把那塊石頭推到路邊。A.planned"計劃"；B.failed"失敗"；C.learnt"學習"；D.managed"設法做到"。根據下文"Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface"可知，那個孩子是設法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以臉上才會有自豪。故選D。8．句意：我永遠不會忘記他臉上的驕傲，這表明他已經完成了像我這樣健全的人避免做的事情。A.recalled"回想起"；B.considered"考慮"；C.preserved"保護"；D.accomplished"完成"。根據上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那個孩子設法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故選第11頁D。9．句意：從那以后，我再也沒有放棄過。A.calmeddown"平靜下來"；B.givenup"放棄"；C.brokenin"闖入"；D.workedout"解決"。根據下文"IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences"可知，作者追逐自己的夢想，所以是沒有放棄。故選B。10．句意：對于這位不為人知的希望和勇氣的使者，這是我想給予的掌聲——盡管來得有些遲。A.cooperation"合作"；B.generosity"慷慨"；C.courage"勇氣"；D.enthusiasm"熱情"。根據上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那個殘疾的孩子把石頭搬到了路中間，可見他是一個有勇氣的人，向作者傳達了勇氣。故選C。【答案】11．visited；12．against；13．sustainable【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了加那利群島旅游業的發展現狀、當地人的態度以及他們對可持續旅游業的期望?！军c評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及時態，介詞，形容詞等知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。11．句意：2023年，有1390萬人參觀了西班牙的加那利群島，這是實際居住在那里的人數的六倍。此處是謂語動詞，根據時間狀語In2023可知，應用一般過去時，故填visited。12．句意：當地人表示，他們并不反對所有的旅游業，因為它創造了就業機會和金錢，但他們希望政府限制游客的數量。由"becauseitcreatesjobsandmoney"可知，此處表示"當地人表示，他們并不反對所有的旅游業"，空格處意為"反對"，用against，故填against。13．句意：他們認為政府應該計算出可以支持多少游客，這樣加那利群島就可以成為可持續旅游業的一個例子。此處形容詞作定語，修飾名詞tourism，此處表示"可持續旅游業"，故填sustainable?！敬鸢浮?4．that/which；15．caused；16．leaving；17．where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了影響遷徙鳥類覓食的因素：氣候變化和越來越多的土地被用于農業?！军c評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及非謂語動詞，定語從句等知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。14．句意：有些鳥吃初春時節開始生長的草芽。starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason是限制性定語從句，先行詞是grassshoots，指物，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語，使用關系代詞that或which引導，故填that/which。15．句意：這種食物來源只能供應幾個星期，氣候變化引起的氣溫上升有時會使草比平時生長得早。cause和risingtemperatures之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞，此處作后置定語，故填caused。16．句意：這意味著有些鳥來的太晚了，沒有時間吃草，導致它們沒有食物來源。該空后內容是前句造成的意料之中的結果，leave使用現在分詞形式作結果狀語，故填leaving。第12頁17．句意：隨著越來越多的土地被用于農業，鳥類覓食的天然濕地也在消失。birdsliketosearchforfood是限制性定語從句，先行詞是thenaturalwetlands，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，使用關系副詞where引導，故填where?！敬鸢浮?8．goes；19．when；20．tosupport【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了DylanAllman因保護刺猬獲得獎項，Allman四年前啟動保護項目，救援受傷刺猬，普及知識并籌款支持動物救助中心。【點評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及時態，主謂一致，非謂語動詞，定語從句等知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。18．句意：該獎項頒給那些在他們的社區中做出改變的鼓舞人心的人們。此處是謂語動詞，根據句中make可知，應用一般現在時，go與主語Theaward之間是主動關系，且主語Theaward是單數，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。故填goes。19．句意：Allman的任務始于四年前，當時他開始對花園里刺猬的數量感興趣。hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden是限制性定語從句，描述fouryearsago這一時間發生的事件，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when引導從句。故填when。20．句意：Allman還參觀了學校，向人們傳授刺猬的知識，并籌集資金支持動物救援中心。此處動詞不定式形式作目的狀語。故填tosupport。【答案】21．B22．D23．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了2024年哈佛冬季上海項目的相關信息。【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內容并進行理解。21．考查細節理解。根據ProgramStructure部分中的"Thissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會)designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently."這個為期六周的課程包括兩門關于上海文化史和經濟發展經驗的課程。你每周都會參加為期兩天的研討會，讓你以不同的方式看待上海?？芍绻銋⒓?024年哈佛冬季項目，你將在六周時間內每周參加為期兩天的研討會，即你將總計花12天時間參加研討會。故選B。22．考查細節理解。根據Application部分中的"Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege"已完成至少一年的大學教育?？芍?，如果你想申請這個項目，你必須至少完成了一年的大學教育。故選D。23．考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的"Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterProgram第13頁inShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity."將文化研究與社會科學相結合，中國上海2024年哈佛冬季項目將幫助您了解這座城市；以及倒數第二段"TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline."(2024年冬季應用程序將于7月初推出。在線申請中包含的每個程序都有獨特的要求。盡早開始申請是確保您有足夠時間在截止日期前審查和完成申請要求的最佳方式；以及文章內容可知，本文介紹了2024年哈佛冬季上海項目的日期、申請要求、課程結構、住宿信息等相關信息，其目的是吸引更多人申請參加該項目。故選B?！敬鸢浮?4．A25．D26．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了曾經的問題少年T.J.Ware在一次領導力培