流體動力學fluiddynamics連續介質力學mechanicsofcontinuousmedia介質medium流體質點fluidparticle無粘性流體nonviscousfluid,inviscidfluid連續介質假設continuousmediumhypothesis流體運動學fluidkinematics水靜力學hydrostatics液體靜力學hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem畢奧-薩伐爾定律Biot-Savartlaw歐拉方程Eulerequation亥姆霍茲定理Helmholtztheorem開爾文定理Kelvintheorem渦片vortexsheet庫塔-茹可夫斯基條件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition布拉休斯解Blasiussolution達朗貝爾佯廖d'Alembertparadox雷諾數Reynoldsnumber施特魯哈爾數Strouhalnumber隨體導數materialderivative不可壓縮流體incompressiblefluid質量守恒conservationofmass動量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy動量方程momentumequation能量方程energyequation控制體積controlvolume液體靜壓hydrostaticpressure渦量擬能enstrophy壓差differentialpressure流[動]flow流線streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube跡線path,pathline流場flowfield流態flowregime流動參量flowparameter流量flowrate,flowdischarge渦旋vortex渦量vorticity渦絲vortexfilament渦線vortexline渦面vortexsurface渦層vortexlayer渦環vortexring渦對vortexpair渦管vortextube渦街vortexstreet卡門渦街Karmanvortexstreet馬蹄渦horseshoevortex對流渦胞convectivecell卷筒渦胞rollcell渦eddy渦粘性eddyviscosity環流circulation環量circulation速度環量velocitycirculation偶極子doublet,dipole駐點stagnationpoint總壓[力]totalpressure總壓頭totalhead靜壓頭statichead總焓totalenthalpy能量輸運energytransport速度剖面velocityprofile庫埃特流Couetteflow單相流singlephaseflow單組份流single-componentflow均勻流uniformflow非均勻流nonuniformflow二維流two-dimensionalflow三維流three-dimensionalflow準定常流quasi-steadyflow非定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暫態流transientflow周期流periodicflow振蕩流oscillatoryflow分層流stratifiedflow無旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotationalflow軸對稱流axisymmetricflow不可壓縮性incompressibility不可壓縮流[動]incompressibleflow浮體floatingbody定傾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistance減阻dragreduction表面力surfaceforce表面張力surfacetension毛細[管]作用capillarity來流incomingflow自由流freestream自由流線freestreamline外流externalflow進口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet擾動disturbance,perturbation分布distribution傳播propagation色散dispersion彌散dispersion附加質量addedmass,associatedmass收縮contraction鏡象法imagemethod無量綱參數dimensionlessparameter幾何相似geometricsimilarity運動相似kinematicsimilarity動力相似[性]dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow勢potential勢流potentialflow速度勢velocitypotential復勢complexpotential復速度complexvelocity流函數streamfunction源source匯sink速度[水]頭velocityhead拐角流cornerflow空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空氣動力學aerodynamics低速空氣動力學low-speedaerodynamics高速空氣動力學high-speedaerodynamics氣動熱力學aerothermodynamics亞聲速流[動]subsonicflow跨聲速流[動]transonicflow超聲速流[動]supersonicflow錐形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow葉柵流cascadeflow非平衡流[動]non-equilibriumflow細長體slenderbody細長度slenderness鈍頭體bluffbody鈍體bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理論thin-airfoiltheory構型configuration后緣trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脫體激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag誘導阻力induceddrag誘導速度inducedvelocity臨界雷諾數criticalReynoldsnumber前緣渦leadingedgevortex附著渦boundvortex約束渦confinedvortex氣動中心aerodynamiccenter氣動力aerodynamicforce氣動噪聲aerodynamicnoise氣動加熱aerodynamicheating離解dissociation地面效應groundeffect氣體動力學gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave熱狀態方程thermalequationofstate噴管Nozzle普朗特-邁耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可壓縮流[動]compressibleflow可壓縮流體compressiblefluid絕熱流adiabaticflow非絕熱流diabaticflow未擾動流undisturbedflow等熵流isentropicflow勻熵流homoentropicflow蘭金-于戈尼奧條件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition狀態方程equationofstate量熱狀態方程caloricequationofstate完全氣體perfectgas拉瓦爾噴管Lavalnozzle馬赫角Machangle馬赫錐Machcone馬赫線Machline馬赫數Machnumber馬赫波Machwave當地馬赫數localMachnumber沖擊波shockwave激波shockwave正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave頭波bowwave附體激波attachedshockwave激波陣面shockfront激波層shocklayer壓縮波compressionwave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction繞射diffraction出口壓力exitpressure超壓[強]overpressure反壓backpressure爆炸explosion爆轟detonation緩燃deflagration水動力學hydrodynamics液體動力學hydrodynamics泰勒不穩定性Taylorinstability蓋斯特納波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokeswave瑞利數Rayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面張力波capillarywave規則波regularwave不規則波irregularwave淺水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave橢圓余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非線性波nonlinearwave孤立子soliton水動[力]噪聲hydrodynamicnoise水擊waterhammer空化cavitation空化數cavitationnumber空蝕cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力學hydraulics洪水波floodwave漣漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水動力學marinehydrodynamics謝齊公式Chezyformula歐拉數Eulernumber弗勞德數Froudenumber水力半徑hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope高度水頭elevatinghead水頭損失headloss水位waterlevel水躍hydraulicjump含水層aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲線backwatercurve壓[強水]頭pressurehead過水斷面flowcross-section明槽流openchannelflow孔流orificeflow無壓流freesurfaceflow有壓流pressureflow緩流subcriticalflow急流supercriticalflow漸變流graduallyvariedflow急變流rapidlyvariedflow臨界流criticalflow異重流densitycurrent,gravityflow堰流weirflow摻氣流aeratedflow含沙流sediment-ladenstream降水曲線dropdowncurve沉積物sediment,deposit沉[降堆]積sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流動穩定性flowstability不穩定性instability奧爾-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeldequation渦量方程vorticityequation泊肅葉流Poiseuilleflow奧辛流Oseenflow剪切流shearflow粘性流[動]viscousflow層流laminarflow分離流separatedflow二次流secondaryflow近場流nearfieldflow遠場流farfieldflow滯止流stagnationflow尾流wake[flow]回流backflow反流reverseflow射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow內流internalflow擬序結構coherentstructure猝發過程burstingprocess表觀粘度apparentviscosity運動粘性kinematicviscosity動力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切層shearlayer次層sublayer流動分離flowseparation層流分離laminarseparation湍流分離turbulentseparation分離點separationpoint附著點attachmentpoint再附reattachment再層流化relaminarization起動渦startingvortex駐渦standingvortex渦旋破碎vortexbreakdown渦旋脫落vortexshedding壓[力]降pressuredrop壓差阻力pressuredrag壓力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag滑移速度slipvelocity無滑移條件non-slipcondition壁剪應力skinfriction,frictionaldrag壁剪切速度frictionvelocity磨擦損失frictionloss磨擦因子frictionfactor耗散dissipation滯后lag相似性解similarsolution局域相似localsimilarity氣體潤滑gaslubrication液體動力潤滑hydrodynamiclubrication漿體slurry泰勒數Taylornumber納維-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokesequation牛頓流體Newtonianfluid邊界層理論boundarylatertheory邊界層方程boundarylayerequation邊界層boundarylayer附面層boundarylayer層流邊界層laminarboundarylayer湍流邊界層turbulentboundarylayer溫度邊界層thermalboundarylayer邊界層轉捩boundarylayertransition邊界層分離boundarylayerseparation邊界層厚度boundarylayerthickness位移厚度displacementthickness動量厚度momentumthickness能量厚度energythickness焓厚度enthalpythickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒渦Taylorvortex速度虧損律velocitydefectlaw形狀因子shapefactor測速法anemometry粘度測定法visco[si]metry流動顯示flowvisualization油煙顯示oilsmokevisualization孔板流量計orificemeter頻率響應frequencyresponse油膜顯示oilfilmvisualization陰影法shadowmethod紋影法schlierenmethod煙絲法smokewiremethod絲線法tuftmethod氫泡法nydrogenbubblemethod相似理論similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckinghamtheorem靜[態]校準staticcalibration動態校準dynamiccalibration風洞windtunnel激波管shocktube激波管風洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin擴散段diffuser測壓孔pressuretap皮托管pitottube普雷斯頓管prestontube斯坦頓管Stantontube文丘里管VenturitubeU形管U-tube壓強計manometer微壓計micromanometer多管壓強計multiplemanometer靜壓管static[pressure]tube流速計anemometer風速管Pitot-statictube激光多普勒測速計laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter熱線流速計hot-wireanemometer熱膜流速計hot-filmanemometer流量計flowmeter粘度計visco[si]meter渦量計vorticitymeter傳感器transducer,sensor壓強傳感器pressuretransducer熱敏電阻thermistor示蹤物tracer時間線timeline脈線streakline尺度效應scaleeffect壁效應walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效應blockageeffect動態響應dynamicresponse響應頻率responsefrequency底壓basepressure菲克定律Ficklaw巴塞特力Bassetforce埃克特數Eckertnumber格拉斯霍夫數Grashofnumber努塞特數Nusseltnumber普朗特數prandtlnumber雷諾比擬Reynoldsanalogy施密特數schmidtnumber斯坦頓數Stantonnumber對流convection自由對流naturalconvection,freeconvec-tion強迫對流forcedconvection熱對流heatconvection質量傳遞masstransfer傳質系數masstransfercoefficient熱量傳遞heattransfer傳熱系數heattransfercoefficient對流傳熱convectiveheattransfer輻射傳熱radiativeheattransfer動量交換momentumtransfer能量傳遞energytransfer傳導conduction熱傳導conductiveheattransfer熱交換heatexchange臨界熱通量criticalheatflux濃度concentration擴散diffusion擴散性diffusivity擴散率diffusivity擴散速度diffusionvelocity分子擴散moleculardiffusion沸騰boiling蒸發evaporation氣化gasification凝結condensation成核nucleation計算流體力學computationalfluidmechanics多重尺度問題multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation對流擴散方程convectiondiffusionequationKDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等價定理Laxequivalencetheorem數值模擬numericalsimulation大渦模擬largeeddysimulation數值粘性numericalviscosity非線性不穩定性nonlinearinstability希爾特穩定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容條件consistencyconditionCFL條件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcondition狄里克雷邊界條件Dirichletboundarycondition熵條件entropycondition遠場邊界條件farfieldboundarycondition流入邊界條件inflowboundarycondition無反射邊界條件nonreflectingboundarycondition數值邊界條件numericalboundarycondition流出邊界條件outflowboundarycondition馮.諾伊曼條件vonNeumanncondition近似因子分解法approximatefactorizationmethod人工壓縮artificialcompression人工粘性artificialviscosity邊界元法boundaryelementmethod配置方法collocationmethod能量法energymethod有限體積法finitevolumemethod流體網格法fluidincellmethod,FLICmethod通量校正傳輸法flux-correctedtransportmethod通量矢量分解法fluxvectorsplittingmethod伽遼金法Galerkinmethod積分方法integralmethod標記網格法markerandcellmethod,MACmethod特征線法methodofcharacteristics直線法methodoflines矩量法momentmethod多重網格法multi-gridmethod板塊法panelmethod質點網格法particleincellmethod,PICmethod質點法particlemethod預估校正法predictor-correctormethod投影法projectionmethod準譜法pseudo-spectralmethod隨機選取法randomchoicemethod激波捕捉法shock-capturingmethod激波擬合法shock-fittingmethod譜方法spectralmethod稀疏矩陣分解法splitcoefficientmatrixmethod不定常法time-dependentmethod時間分步法timesplittingmethod變分法variationalmethod渦方法vortexmethod隱格式implicitscheme顯格式explicitscheme交替方向隱格式alternatingdirectionimplicitscheme,ADIscheme反擴散差分格式anti-diffusiondifferencescheme緊差分格式compactdifferencescheme守恒差分格式conservationdifferencescheme克蘭克-尼科爾森格式Crank-