PAGE1-課時提能練(十五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·新疆適應性測試)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesthreeyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding，especiallyintheregion'ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone，Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通風柵)．Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood，engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(膠合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures，whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney，too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent，lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in，adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning，onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown，thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures，whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon'tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey，itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講解并描述三年前超級風暴Sandy猛烈攻擊美國東部，造成了洪水災難，當地的地鐵被洪水沉沒。為防止地鐵再次被洪水沉沒，兩位少年獨創了一種裝置。1．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D[段落大意題。依據其次段第一句可知，據估計超級風暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價值190億美元的損失。文章接下來分析了超級風暴造成的洪水沉沒地鐵的緣由：目前的地鐵系統存在很大的弊端。故本題選D。]2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens'newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time-saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C[推理推斷題。依據文章最終一段第一、其次句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.”他們運用的柵欄和現在運用的柵欄大小一樣，所以很簡單就可以把舊的柵欄取出來，放入一個替換柵欄；再結合最終一段最終兩句可知，新的裝置操作起來也很便利。故選C。]3．What'sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C[細微環節理解題。依據最終一段第三、第四句可知，設計干預防護的特點可以阻擋操作失誤，有了干預防護，他們確保人們不會有意地在正常狀況下關掉空氣流通的功能，故本題選C。]4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了兩位少年獨創了一種成本較低、好用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點和優勢，應當屬于新聞報道類文章，故選A。]B(2024·新疆適應性檢測)EmmaWatsonenteredourlivesastheperfectHermioneGrangerin2001，and16yearslater，we'rejustasmuchinlovewiththischarming，intelligentBritishgirl，asever.YoumayormaynotbeaPotterhead，butalotofpeoplearecharmedbyEmmaWatson'sperfection.Despitebeingastarperformerattheyoungageof11，she'snevergonetheHollywood-spoiled-childroute.Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible.Shesaid，“Ignoringfamewasmyrebellion，inafunnyway.Iwasinsistentonbeingnormalanddoingnormalthings.Itprobablywasn'tadvisabletogotocollegeinAmericaandroomwithacompletestranger.Anditprobablywasn'twisetoshareabathroomwitheightotherpeopleinadormitory.Lookingback，Ithinkthatwascrazy.”Sheadded，“Iwasverywell-educated.Mydadpaidformetogotoaverygoodschool，soIworkedhardeverysingledayatthatschooltomakehimproudofme.AndIdid，andIstilldo.”IfwehadtoimaginewhatHermioneGrangerwouldhavegrownuptobelike，wewouldsayshe'dbetheEmmaWatsonofthePotteruniversebecausetherereallyisnowaytoseparatethetwo.Inthelastfewyears，Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercapthanweimaginedbeinghumanlypossible，whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador.InherroleasaUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador，she'dsupportedpowerfulcausestothebestofherabilityandbroughtthemalltheattentiontheydeserve.EmmaWatsongaveusthemostaccuratedescriptionofourfavoritegirlfromthePotteruniverse.“Younggirlsaretoldyouhavetobeadelicateprincess.Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了《哈利·波特》系列電影中女主角赫敏·格蘭杰的扮演者EmmaWatson在11歲成名之后，仍舊過著一般的生活。5．AfterEmmaWatsonbecameanactress，she.A．followedtheHollywoodchildrouteB．hadapreferenceforanormallifeC．becamerebellionsinafunnywayD．wenttoagoodcollegeinsteadB[細微環節理解題。依據其次段的其次句“Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible”可知，在EmmaWatson成名之后，事實上，她在努力保持正常，故本題選B。]6．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercap”inPara.4?A．Emmahasearnedmoretitles.B．Emmawearsacapwithfeathers.C．Emmaisexpertdesigningcaps.D．Emmahasbeenmoreabsorbedinherjob.A[句意理解題。依據第四段其次句中的“whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador”可知，她獲得了許多頭銜，故選A。]7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmmaWatson：YouCanBetheBestActressB．EmmaWatson：YouCanBeaWarriorC．TheWaytoBeaDelicatePrincessD．TheWaytoBeaGoodPerformerB[標題推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了EmmaWatson雖然已經功成名就，但仍舊堅持過一般的生活。再結合最終一段中的“Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior”可知，本題選B。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetoEmmaWatson?A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Cautious. D．Appreciative.D[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，作者在文中多處表達了對EmmaWatson的觀賞，故選D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·日照檢測)OnesmallmistakechangedSonia'slife.Nowsheis1andtriesnottomissanyopportunitiesthatcometoherway.Oneday，Soniawalked2alittleboy，whowantedtobuycrayons(彩色蠟筆)，buthecouldn't3them.HelookedsadwhenhesawthemoneyinSonia'shand.4shedidn'trealizehewasin5ofhelpatall.Soniaignoredhimand6onherwayhome.Afterreachinghome，shetoldeverythingtoherbrotherGur.GurtoldSonia，“Godhadgivenyoua(n)7tohelpaboy，butyou8it.There'sapossibilitythatGodwas9you；maybetodaywouldhavebecomeyourbigdayofyourlife.”HearingGur'swords，Sonia10backtotheshoptofindtheboybuttimenever11foranyone.Soniagotdisappointedandreturnedhome，continuously12atherself.Whydidn'titcomeintohermindwhatGurhad13？“Chancesareeverywhere，andallyouneedtodois14thembecausetheydon'talwaysshowup，”saidGur.NowwhatSoniahasmissedisachancethatshecanonly15.OnthatdaySonialearntthebiggest16inherlife.ActuallynotonlySonia，butmanyofusignorethechanceofhelpingin17waysbecausewealwaysrunafterbiggerones.However，bigopportunitiesdocomebutnoteveryday.Therefore，18smallonessothatyoucan'tmissbigones.Soniaalso19towaitforbigopportunities，butnowsheknowsthatwithsmallopportunitiesshecanmakebig20inherlife.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了主子公Sonia在錯失一次幫助他人的機會后，受到哥哥啟發，從而意識到要不斷練習抓住小的機會幫助別人來變更自己的生活的故事。這也告知我們，行善無論大小，有機會就要剛好抓住。1．A.attentive B．optimisticC．enthusiastic D．fortunateA[依據空后的“andtriesnottomissanyopportunitiesthatcometoherway”可知，Sonia現在很專注，盡力不去錯過任何她遇到的機會。attentive“用心的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；enthusiastic“熱忱的”；fortunate“幸運的”。]2．A.through B．byC．over D．upB[依據語境可知，此處表示Sonia從一位小男孩身旁走過。by“經過”。]3．A.arrange B．affordC．offer D．gainB[依據“whowantedtobuycrayons(彩色蠟筆)”及下文可知，小男孩想買彩色蠟筆，但是買不起。arrange“支配”；afford“買得起”；offer“主動供應”；gain“獲得，得到”。]4．A.Thus B．BesidesC．But D．AndC[依據上下文可知，空處表示轉折。此處表示小男孩須要幫助，但是Sonia并未意識到，故But符合語境。]5．A.favor B．honorC．need D．searchC[參見上題解析。infavorof“支持”；inhonorof“為了紀念”；inneedof“須要”；insearchof“找尋”。]6．A.remained B．hurriedC．hesitated D．continuedD[Sonia沒有理睬小男孩，接著走自己的路。continue“接著”符合語境。remain“仍舊是”；hurry“趕快”；hesitate“遲疑”。]7．A.direction B．dutyC．urge D．opportunityD[依據文意可知，此處指上帝給了你一個機會去幫助小男孩，但是你卻錯過了。direction“方向”；duty“責任”；urge“劇烈的欲望”；opportunity“機會”。]8．A.doubted B．missedC．passed D．mistookB[參見上題解析。]9．A.punishing B．savingC．testing D．refusingC[上帝可能在(通過這個機會)測試你。test“測驗，考查”符合語境。]10．A.stepped B．movedC．jumped D．rushedD[Sonia聽到哥哥的話后有所感悟，故應用“跑回去”來突出她此時急于彌補錯過的機會的心情。step“踩，邁步”；move“移動”；jump“跳動”；rush“急速移動”。]11．A.longs B．answersC．allows D．waitsD[依據“tofindtheboy”及“Soniagotdisappointed”可知，Sonia沒有找到小男孩，因此此處表示時間不等(waits)人。下文中的“waitforbig