2025年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普專(zhuān)題：地球化學(xué)研究一、閱讀理解要求：仔細(xì)閱讀以下文章，并根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。A.EarthchemistryisthescientificstudyofthechemicalcompositionoftheEarthandtheprocessesbywhichmaterialscyclethroughthevariouslayersoftheEarth.Earthchemistsstudythechemicalcompositionofrocks,minerals,soils,water,theatmosphere,andbiologicalmaterialstounderstandhowtheEarth'ssystemsworkandhowtheyhavechangedovertime.B.Oneofthekeyareasofresearchinearthchemistryisthestudyoftheoceanfloor.Theoceanflooriscomposedofseveraltypesofrocksandminerals,anditisalsohometoawidevarietyofmarinelife.Bystudyingtheoceanfloor,scientistscanlearnabouttheprocessesthathaveshapedtheEarth'ssurfaceandthehistoryoftheplanet.C.Earthchemistryalsoplaysanimportantroleinthestudyofclimatechange.ScientistsusedatafromearthchemistrytounderstandhowtheEarth'sclimatehaschangedovertimeandhowitmightchangeinthefuture.Thisinformationiscrucialfordevelopingstrategiestomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechange.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?a)Thestudyofrocksandmineralsb)ThescientificstudyoftheEarthanditsprocessesc)Thehistoryoftheoceanfloor2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasatypeofrockormineralstudiedbyearthchemists?a)Soilsb)Waterc)Plastic3.Whyisthestudyoftheoceanfloorimportanttoearthchemists?a)IthelpsthemunderstandtheEarth'ssurfaceandhistoryb)Itprovidesasourceoffoodandenergyc)Ithelpsthempredicttheweather二、選擇題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇最合適的答案。4.Earthchemistryisimportantforunderstanding:a)Thechemicalcompositionoftheatmosphereb)Thegrowthofplantsc)Theeffectsofclimatechange5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaprocessstudiedbyearthchemists?a)Weatheringb)Photosynthesisc)Volcaniceruptions6.Thearticlementionsthatearthchemistsusedatafromearthchemistryto:a)Predicttheweatherb)UnderstandhowtheEarth'sclimatehaschangedovertimec)Developnewmedicines7.Thestudyoftheoceanfloorcanhelpscientistslearnabout:a)TheEarth'ssurfaceandhistoryb)Theeffectsofclimatechangec)TheoriginoflifeonEarth四、完形填空要求：閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TheEarthisacomplexsystemwithmanydifferentlayers.Theoutermostlayeristhecrust,whichisthelayerweliveon.Belowthecrustisthemantle,athicklayerofhot,semi-fluidrock.Theinnermostlayeristhecore,whichismadeupofironandnickel.ThemovementoftheEarth'stectonicplates,whicharelargepiecesoftheEarth'scrust,isdrivenbytheheatfromthemantle.Thismovementcancauseearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions.1.TheoutermostlayeroftheEarthiscalledthe:a)Mantleb)Corec)Crustd)Tectonicplates2.Themantleis:a)Thelayerweliveonb)Madeupofironandnickelc)Athicklayerofhot,semi-fluidrockd)TheinnermostlayeroftheEarth3.Themovementoftectonicplatesisdrivenby:a)TheEarth'scoreb)Thecrustc)Themantled)Theatmosphere五、詞匯理解要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇與下列單詞或短語(yǔ)意思相近的選項(xiàng)。4.Tectonicplatesare:a)LargepiecesoftheEarth'scrustb)TheoutermostlayeroftheEarthc)Theheatfromthemantled)TheinnermostlayeroftheEarth5.Volcaniceruptionsare:a)Earthquakesb)Themovementoftectonicplatesc)ThestudyoftheEarth'scrustd)Thereleaseoflavaandgasesfromavolcano6.Thecrustis:a)Thelayerweliveonb)Madeupofironandnickelc)Athicklayerofhot,semi-fluidrockd)TheinnermostlayeroftheEarth六、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答以下問(wèn)題。7.WhatisthemainpurposeofstudyingtheEarth'slayers?8.HowdotectonicplatescontributetotheEarth'ssurfacefeatures?9.Whataresomeofthenaturaleventscausedbythemovementoftectonicplates?本次試卷答案如下：一、閱讀理解1.B.ThescientificstudyoftheEarthanditsprocesses解析思路：通過(guò)閱讀文章A部分，可以找到“EarthchemistryisthescientificstudyofthechemicalcompositionoftheEarthandtheprocessesbywhichmaterialscyclethroughthevariouslayersoftheEarth.”這句話，明確指出地球化學(xué)是研究地球及其過(guò)程的科學(xué)。2.C.Plastic解析思路：在文章A部分提到地球化學(xué)家研究的物質(zhì)包括“rocks,minerals,soils,water,theatmosphere,andbiologicalmaterials”，其中沒(méi)有提到塑料。3.A.IthelpsthemunderstandtheEarth'ssurfaceandhistory解析思路：根據(jù)文章B部分，地球化學(xué)家通過(guò)研究海洋地板“canlearnabouttheprocessesthathaveshapedtheEarth'ssurfaceandthehistoryoftheplanet”，因此海洋地板的研究有助于他們了解地球表面和歷史的形成過(guò)程。二、選擇題4.C.Theeffectsofclimatechange解析思路：文章C部分提到“ScientistsusedatafromearthchemistrytounderstandhowtheEarth'sclimatehaschangedovertimeandhowitmightchangeinthefuture.”，表明地球化學(xué)在理解氣候變化方面起著重要作用。5.B.Photosynthesis解析思路：在文章中，沒(méi)有提到光合作用是地球化學(xué)家研究的過(guò)程，而天氣變化和火山噴發(fā)是提到的過(guò)程。6.B.UnderstandhowtheEarth'sclimatehaschangedovertime解析思路：根據(jù)文章C部分，“ScientistsusedatafromearthchemistrytounderstandhowtheEarth'sclimatehaschangedovertimeandhowitmightchangeinthefuture.”，地球化學(xué)家使用地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)理解地球氣候隨時(shí)間的變化。7.A.TheEarth'ssurfaceandhistory解析思路：根據(jù)文章B部分，“Bystudyingtheoceanfloor,scientistscanlearnabouttheprocessesthathaveshapedtheEarth'ssurfaceandthehistoryoftheplanet.”，研究海洋地板可以幫助科學(xué)家了解塑造地球表面和地球歷史的進(jìn)程。五、完形填空1.C.Crust解析思路：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，地球的外層是地殼，我們生活在這層上。2.C.Athicklayerofhot,semi-fluidrock解析思路：文章提到地幔是熱而半流動(dòng)的巖石層。3.C.Themantle解析思路：地幔的熱量驅(qū)動(dòng)了地殼板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)。六、詞匯理解4.A.LargepiecesoftheEarth'scrust解析思路：板塊構(gòu)造論中的板塊是地球外殼的大塊。5.D.Thereleaseoflavaandgasesfromavolcano解析思路：火山噴發(fā)是指火山釋放熔巖和氣體的過(guò)程。6.A.Thelayerweliveon解析思路：地殼是我們生活的地表層。七、簡(jiǎn)答題7.ThemainpurposeofstudyingtheEarth'slayersistounderst