浙江省Lambda聯盟2024年5月高三模擬考試

英語試題卷

考生須知：

本試卷共8頁，24小題。滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。

1.考生答題前，務必將自己的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙上。

2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號黑。寫在試

卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。

3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙

和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。

4.考試結束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。

第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂

到答題卡上。

第一節（共5小題海小題1.5分，滿分7?5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15

答案是C。

1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?

A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Whattimedocsthepartystart?

M:Itstartsat8o'clock.IthinkI'llarrivehalfanhourlatebecauseIhavetoworklatetoday.

2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanwanttodrink?

A.Orangejuice.B.Coffee.C.Hotchocolate.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?

W:Iusedtoorderorangejuice,butthistimeI'dlikeahotchocolate.

3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

WliatdidthemanplantodoonMarch1st?

A.Applyforsomeclasses.B.Callthetravelagent.C.Gotothemountains.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Ijustcalledthetravelagent.It'sallset.OnMarch1st,I'mheadingfbrthemoun-tainsforanentire

week.

W:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendarbecausemyclassesaren'tovertilltheseventh?

4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件杳看】

Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?

A.Unpackingabox.B.Loadingacar.C.Buyingasuitcase.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Isthereroomfor（hatboxupthere?

M:Icanfititinthetrunk.Andthissuitcaseshouldfitinthebackseat.

5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看?】

Whatrelationisthemantothewoman?

A.Hercustomer.B.Herco-worker.C.Herboss.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Youshouldgetsomerest.You'vealreadymixeduptheordersoftwocustomers.

W:Iknow1alsoknockedoveracupofcoffeeonalady.

M:You,vebeenworkingtoohard.Whydon'tyouaskthemanagerfortheafternoonoff?

W:Well,Tilgoandtalktohimrightaway.

第二節（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22?5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有10秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒

鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，清去附件杳看】

6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Heishard-working.

B.Helikesmakingthings.

C.Hepaid$5()forthebookcase.

7.Whatdidthemandointheend?

A.Hetoldajoke.

B.Hemadeafutureplan.

C.Heaskedthewomanforhelp.

【答案】6.B7.A

【解析】

【原文】W:What'sthissupposedtobe?

M:Il'smynewbookcase.Ijusthavetoputittogether.

W:Whydidn'tyoubuyonewhichwasready?

M:Tobeginwith,Ilikemakingthings.

W:Iknow,butthisisalotofwork.Isitworthit?

M:Ofcourse!Isaved$50.W:Wow.Ihadnoidea.

M:Youknowwhat?ThenextthingIwanttomakeisacar.Willyouhelpmebuildit?

W:What?You'recrazy!

M:Relax.Tmonlykidding!

聽下面一段較長對話，問答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，清去附件查看】

8.Whatcouldthemanbe?

A.Asupermarketmanager.B.Apoliceman.C.Ahotelclerk.

9.Wheredoesthewomanthinkshelosthercellphone?

A.Inataxi.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inapark.

【答案】8.B9.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Couldyourememberhowyoulostyourcellphone?

W:Aftervisitingapark,Ididsomeshoppinginasupermarket,andthenIwentbacktomyhotel.PerhapsIleftitin

thetaxitomyhotel.Tmnotsure.

M:OK.canyourememberthenumberofthetaxi?

W:Yes.It'slikelythatthetaxiismarkedwithT3345.

M:We'llgetintouchwiththetaxicompanyassoonaspossible.Ifyouhaveotherclues,pleasecallus.

聽下面?段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

10.WhatwasProf.Stone'sgrandfatherafraidof?

A.Leavinghishome.

B.Partingfromhisson.

C.Takingearlyretirement.

11.WhatdoesoldagemeantomanyelderlyAmericans?

A.Lackofmoralsupport.

B.Lossofself-worth.

C.Changeoflivinghabits.

12.WhatwillProf.Stonetalkaboutnextconcerningelderlypeople?

A.Publicservicestheyaskfor.

B.Healthcareavailabletothem.

C.Contributionstheycanmake.

【答案】10.Ali.B12.C

【解析】

［原文】W:Hello,ladiesandgentlemen.TodaywchaveinvitedProf.Stonetotalkabouttheroleofelderly

peopleinoursociety.Welcometoourshow.Prof.Slone.

M:Tobeginwith,I'dliketotellastoryfrommyownlife.Severalyearsago,whenmygrandparentswerewellinto

theireighties,theywerenolongerabletocareforthemselvesverywell.Mygrandfatherwasafraidofleavingthe

onlyhometheyhadknownforthepast60years.Theideaofhavingtoselltheirhomeandmoveintoaretirement

homewasanextremelypainfulexperienceforthem.Indeed,oldageforthemandmanyolderAmericanscanmean

notonlythepossiblefailureofone'shealthbutthelossofidentityandself-worth.

W:Yes,it'strue.Whatdoyouhavelosayabouttheproblemofoldage?

M:Manyexpertshavegiventalksherethathavefocusedonthemedicalcareandthedevelopmentofpublic

servicesforseniorcitizens.Today,Idliketofocusmycom-mcntsonthemeaningfulrolestheelderlycanplayand

shouldplayinoursociety.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

13.Whatdoesthewomangivethemanfirst?

A.Herpassport.B.Herticket.C.Hername.

14.Wheredoesthewomanasktosit?

A.Infirstclass.B.Bythewashroom.C.Nearthewalkway.

15.Whatlimeisitnow?

A.9:20.B.9:30.C.9:40.

16.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?

A.Rushed.B.Grateful.C.Confused.

【答案】I3.C14.C15.A16.B

【解析】

［原文］M:Hello,there.WelcometoDeltaAirlines.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?

W:Hello.Justaminute,myhandsarefull...Ihavemypassportheresomewhere...

M:Noproblem,ma'am.Whydon'tyoujustgivemeyourname?AndI'llgetyourticketreadyforyou.

W:It'sLauraJones.I'monthe10:00flighttoToronto,Canada.Tmninningalittlelatebecauseofthetraffic.Is

thereany-thingyoucoulddotohelpme?

M:I'llcertainlytrymybest.I'llalsoneedyourbaby'spassport.

W:Hereitis.I'msorry.1aminsuckahurry.Mydaughterhasbeencryingallmorning.

M:Icompletelyunderstand,ma'am.Letmeseewhatkindofseatsareavailablefbryou.

W:Actually,Iwouldpreferaseatnearthewalkwaybecauseofmydaughter.

M:Youknowwhat,Ihavesomeverygoodnews.Someoneinfirstclasshasjustcanceledtheirflight.Icanmove

youintotheirseat.Thatwillgiveyoulotsofroom,andyou'llberightbesidethewashroom,too.

W:Areyoukidding?

M:No,ma'am.Butboardingbeginsat9:30,whichis10minutesfromnow.We'llfindsomeonetoaccompanyyou

throughsecurity,andhaveyouatthegateinlessthan20minutes.

W:Youaretookind!Ireallyappreciateit!

M:It'smypleasure.MerryChristmas!

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】

17.Whatpositivenewsdothescientistsreportregardinglow-carbontechnologies?

A.Theusageoflow-carbontechnologieshasincreased.

B.Thecostsofmanykeylow-carbontechnologieshavefallendramatically.

C.Theefficiencyoflow-carbontechnologieshasimprovedsignificantly.

18.Whatisamajorconcernhighlightedbyobsenersregardingthereport?

A.Therelianceonexistingtechnologies.

B.Thelackofgovernmentpolicies.

C.Thedependencyonnewtechnologiestoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.

19.Howdothesuggestedpersonalactionsforreducingemissionsalsobenefitindividualhealthaccordingtothe

report?

A.Theypromotehealthierlifestylechoices.

B.Theyreducerelianceonpharmaceuticals.

C.Theyincreaseawarenessofenvironmentalissues.

20.Whyistherelianceonnewcarbondioxideremovaltechnologiesconsideredproblematic?

A.Theyarenotwidelyacceptedbyihescientificcommunity.

B.Theyarestillveryexpensiveandatanearlystageofdevelopment

C.Theyhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.

【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B

【解析】

【原文】Thereissomegoodnewsintoday'sreport.Thescientistspointoutthatthecostsofmanykey,low-

carbontechnologies:solarpower,windturbines,andbatterieshavefallendramaticallyinjustthelastdecade.

And（heysay,wecanalltakeactiononclimate:eatingabitlessmeal,andwalkingandcyclingabitmorewill

cutouremissionsandmakeushealthier,theysay.

Butfbrmanyobservers,thereallyworryingaspectoftoday'sreportistherelianceitplacesonnew

technologiestosuckcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Thescientistssaythesewillbeneededtokeep

temperaturesdowninvirtuallyallthescenariostheylookedat.

Theproblemisthesetechnologiesarcataveryearlystageofdevelopmentandarcstillveryexpensive.Given

theurgencyofthechallenge（hereportsaysweface,thatisnotencouraging.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分50分）

第一節（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

Facebook'sBigOutage—UnderstandingtheInternet\ComplexMachinery

At15:51UTC.wedelectedasignificantissue:"FacebookDNSlookupreturningSERVFAIL.^^Thiserror

suggestedthatourDNSresolver,,mightbemalfunctioning.However,thesituationwasmoreseriousthan

weinitiallythought.Socialmediawasabuzzwithactivity,andourengineersconfirmedthatFacebook,WhatsApp,

andInstagramwereallexperiencinganoutage.Itappearedasiftheseplatformshadbeenabruptlydisconnected

fromtheInternet.

ThiswasnotasimpleDNSproblem;itwasasignofamuchlargerissue.Facebooklaterrevealedthata

changeintheirinternalconfigurationhadcausedawidespreaddisruption,affectingnotjusttheirservicesbutalso

theabilityoftheirstafftorestorenormaloperations.

DelvingintoBGP

BGRorBorderGatewayProtocol,isacriticalcomponentoftheInternet'sinfrastructure.It'sthesystemthat

allowstheInternet'srouterstocommunicateanddeterminethemostefficientroutesfordatatotravel.Essentially,

BGPistheInternet'sGPS,guidingdatapacketstotheirdestinations.IfanetworklikeFacebookstopsusingBGP

toannounceitspresence,itbe-comesinvisibleandunreachableontheInternet.

TheRippleEffect

At15:58UTC.weobservedthatFacebookhadceasedannouncingitsDNSroutes.ThismeantthatDNS

resolvers,whicharetheInternet'sdirectoryassistance,couldnolongerfindtheIPaddressesfbrFacebook's

services.Asaresult,attemptstoaccessFacebook,comandsimilardomainsfailed.

Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolutionpossible,DNSresolversworld-widebeganto

experienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomatedsystemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthe

now-unavailableservices.Thissurgenotonlystrained(heDNSinfrastructurebutalsoaffectedotheronline

platformsasuserssoughtinformationandalternatives.

TheInterconnectedWeb

Theday'seventsunderscoredtheInternet,scomplexityandthedelicatebalanceofsystemsandprotocolsthat

keepitrunning.It'savast,interconnectedecosystemthatrelicsonmutualtrust,standardization,andcollaboration

amongitsvariouscomponentstoservenearlyfivebillionusersglobally.

TheResolutionandBeyond

By21:00UTC,webegantoseesignsofrecoveryasBGPactivityfromFacebook'snetworkresumed.This

activitypeakedat21:17UTC,indicatingthatFacebookwasactivelywork-ing(orestoreitsservices.By21:20UTC,

theDNSfbrufaccbook.Com^^wasonceagainavail-ableonourresolver,,andby21:28UTC,itappeared

thatFacebookwasbackonline,withDNSfunctioningnormally.

WhileFacebook,WhatsApp.andInstagrammayhavetakensometimetoreturntofulloperation,(heincident

servedasastarkreminderoftheInternet'sinterdependenceandtheimportanceofrobustinfrastructure.

21.WhatwastheinitialindicationofaproblemwithFacebook'sservices?

A.Adecreaseinuseractivityonsocialmediaplatforms

B.TheappearanceofaerrorinDNSlookupsforFacebook

C.Asuddenincreaseintraffictocompetingsocialmediasites

D.ReportsofphysicaldamagetoFacebook'sdatacenters

22.WhatroledoesBGPplayintheunctioningoftheInternet?

A.ItmanagesthedistributionofInternetcontenttousers

B.Itprovidessecurityforonlinetransactions

C.Ithelpsroutersfindthemostefficientpathfordatatotravel

D.ItregulatesthespeedofInternetconnectionsworldwide

23.WhydidtheoutageatFacebookleadtoasignificantincreaseinDNStraffic?

A.BecauseuserswereattemptingtoaccessFacebook'scompetitors,whichresultedinanelevatednumberofDNS

queriesforthoseplatforms.

B.BecauseDNSresolverscouldnotresolveFacebook'sdomainnames,leadingtorepeatedqueries

C.BecauseacyberattackspecificallytargetedtheDNSinfrastructure,whichincreasedthevolumeofrequeststo

DNSresolversforresolution.

D.BecausetheFacebookoutageindirectlycausedphysicaldamagetotheglobalDNSnet-work,necessitatinga

highernumberofqueriestoDNSresolverstofindalternativeroutes.

【答案】21.B22.C23.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了Facebook等平臺大規模斷網事件揭示了互聯網復雜架構中

的脆弱性，源于內部配置錯誤導致BGP路由失效，如同從互聯網消失。這一連鎖反應不僅影峋用戶訪

問，還波及其他在線服務，凸顯互聯網系統的相互依賴性和維護其穩定運行的挑戰。至當晚，Facebook逐

步恢夏服務，強調了加強基礎設施穩定性的迫切需求。

[21題詳解】

細節理解題。由文章第一段中"At15:51UTC,wcdetectedasignificantissue:uFaccbookDNSlookup

returningSERVFAIL."(在UTC時間15:51,我們檢測到一個重大問題：“FacebookDNS查找返回

SERVrAILo可知，問題的最初跡象是Facebook的DNS查找返回錯誤。故選

【22題詳解】

細節理解題。由文章DelvingintoBGP部分中"It'sthesystemthatallowstheInternet'srouterstocommunicate

anddeterminethemostefficientroutesfordatatotravel.（它是一個系統，它允許互聯網上的路由器進行通信，

并確定數據傳輸的最有效路線。）”可知，BGP幫助路由器找到最有效的數據傳輸路徑。故選C。

【23題詳解】

細節理解題。由文章TheRippleEffect部分中“Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolution

possible,DNSresolversworld-widebegantoexperienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomated

systemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthenow-unavailableservices.（這次失敗弓|發了連鎖反應。由于無法

進行解析，全球的DNS解析器開始經歷前所未有的查詢激增，因為自動化系統和用戶都反復嘗試訪問現

在不可用的服務。）”可知，這種無法解析Facebook域名的情況，使得DNS解析嘗試頻繁重復，從而增加

了DNS流量。故選B。

B

FiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani'sfilmTheNightPorterwasreleasedtowidespreadcriticaldisgust,howhave

viewsofitchanged?

“TowriteapoemafterAuschwitzisbarbaric,wrotetheGermantheoristTheodorAdorno,suggestinginhis

1949essayCulturalCriticismandSocietythatartisticexpressionhadbeenrenderedinadequateasatoolto

understandrealityaftertheHolocaust.Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallenged

thistheory,takingittoitslogicalextreme.Sheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexual

bondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSScommandant,andhow.yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhas

pervadedtheirsouls.

Amidthefuroreafteritsrelease—whichincludedintenselynegativereviewsandanat-temptedbanbythe

Italianratingsboard—withtypicalnonchalance,CavanitoldTheNewYorkTimes:"Thisisnothingcomparedto

thenumberlesscoupleswhoteareachotherapartpsychologically.”

Halfacenturyon,however,doesTheNightPorterstillseemlikeaprovocationthatplumbsthedepthsofbad

taste?Withthefilm'srecentrestorationandre-releases,aswellasrenewedconversationsaroundcinematic

depictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhaverevisitedthefilmandremainunimpressedbyitscontent.Othersare

perhapsseeingthefilmmoreasLili-anaCavanioriginallyintended:asanartisticreflectionofhowsexual

obsessioncanbefascisticinitstunnsl-visionedferocity.Cavaniherselfputitmoresimply:"lovecomesalways

withapricetopay.”

TheNightPorterissetinViennain1957,whereaformerNazicommandant.Max（DirkBogarde）,worksin

anupm<ukcthotel.There,heclasheswithformerSScolleagueswhourcdeterminedtopurgethemselvesofany

shameabouttheirrolesintheFinalSolutionandeliminateanysurvivingwitnesses.Max,however,wouldrather

forgethispastandmoveon,livinghislifequietly,hesays,“asachurchmouse.^^Hiscarefulworldisupended

whenLucia(CharlotteRampling),nowmarriedtoanAmericancomposer,walksintohishotellobby—thevery

womanhesexuallyabusedwhileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheenteredintoasadomasochistic

relationship.Reunitedoncemore,theirtwistedfblieadeuxresumesandaferventdebasementbegins—now,on

bothsides.

24Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestreflectstheauthor'sperspectiveonthefilm'sportrayalofthe

Holocaust?

A.ThefilmisadisrespectfulandexploitativerepresentationoftheHolocaust.

B.ThefilmisacomplexandabstractexplorationofNaziideologyandsexualtaboos.

C.Thefilmisastraightforwardhistoricalaccountof(heHolocaust.

D.ThefilmisaromanticizeddepictionofloveduringtheHolocaust.

25.InIliccoiilcxtufihcarticle,whichufihcfollowingbestdcsciibcsllicMu“sdduiiidsuchislic”?

A.Aformofpsychologicaltherapy.

B.Atypeofartisticexpression.

C.Arelationshipdynamiccharacterizedbytheexchangeofpainandpleasure.

D.AhistoricalaccountofeventsduringWorldWarII.

26.Whatisthemainargumentofthosewhodefendthefilm'sartisticmerit?

A.ThefilmprovidesarealisticportrayaloftheHolocaust.

B.Thefilm'scontroversialnaturegeneratesimportantdiscussions.

C.ThefilmisasuccessfulexampleoftheuNazisploitation''genre.

D.Thefilm'splotandcharacterdevelopmentarchighlyoriginal.

27.Whatisthemostappropriatetidefbrthearticle?

A.“TheNightPorter:ACinematicControversy^

B.”LilianaCavani:TheDirectorWhoChallengedArt^^

C."LoveandEvil:TheComplexTliemesofTheNightPorter^^

D."TheHolocaustonFilm:AHistoryofCinematicPortrayals^

【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.A

【解析】

［導語］這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了對莉莉安娜?卡瓦尼的電影《午夜守門人》的具有爭議的評價。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallengedthis

theory,takingittoitslogicalextreme.Sheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbond

betweenanadolescentprisonerandanSScommandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhas

pervaded〔heirsouls.（意大利導演莉莉安娜?卡瓦尼在她1974年的電影《午夜守門人》中挑戰了這?理論，

將其推向了邏輯的極致。她以集中營為背景，探索了?名青少年囚犯和?名黨衛軍指揮官之間瘋狂的性關

系，以及多年后，這種心理毒藥是如何滲透到他們的靈魂中的。）”可推知，這部電影是對納粹意識形態和

性禁忌的復雜而抽象的探索，最好地反映了作者對電影對大屠殺的描繪的觀點。故選B。

[25題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據文章第二段"Sheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbond

betweenanadolescentprisonerandanSScommandant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologicalpoisonhas

pervadedtheirsouls.（她以集中營為背景，探索了?名青少年囚犯和?名黨衛軍指揮官之間瘋狂的性關系，

以及多年后，這種心理毒藥是如何滲透到他們的靈魂中的。）”以及文章最后一段“Hiscarefulworldis

upendedwhenLucia（CharlotteRampling）,nowmarriedtoanAmericancomposer,walksintohishotellobby—the

verywomanhesexuallyabusedwhileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheenteredintoa

sadomasochisticrelationship.（當露西婭（夏洛特?蘭普林飾）走進他的酒店大廳時?，他小心翼翼的世界被顛覆

r——露西婭（夏洛特?蘭普林飾）現在嫁給了一位美國作曲家。露西婭正是他在集中營里被他性侵的那個

女人，他和她陷入了一種受虐狂和施虐狂的關系。）”可推知，sadomasochistic意為“一種以痛苦和快樂的

交換為特征的動態關系”。故選C。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Withthefilm'srecentrestorationandre-releases,aswellasrenewed

conversationsaroundcinematicdepictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhaverevisitedthefilm（隨著這部電影最近的修

復和重新發行，以及圍繞大屠殺的電影描述的重新討論，許多人重新審視了這部電影）”可知，那些為這部

電影的藝術價值辯護的人的主要論點是影片的爭議性引發了重要的討論。故選Bo

【27題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據文章第一段"FiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani'sfilmTheNightPorterwasreleasedtowidespread

criticaldisgust,howhaveviewsofitchanged?（莉莉安娜?卡瓦尼的電影《午夜守門人》上映50年后，評論界

對它的看法發生了怎樣的變化？）”和全文描述可知，文章主要介紹了對莉莉安娜?卡瓦尼的月影《午夜守

門人》的具有爭議的評價。故選A。

C

Howcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehertime?Humanshavebeen

askingthisquestiontorthousandsofyears,andrecently,it'sbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthe

differencesbetweenpeople'sratesofaginglieinthecomplexinteractionsamonggenes,socialrelationships,

environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecan

influencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.

Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnon-codingDNAthatlive

attheendsofthechromosomes(染色體).Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegenetic

materialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehowfastacellages.Whentheybecome

tooshort,thecellstopsdividingaltogether.Thisisn'ttheonlyreasonacellcanage—thereareotherstresseson

cellswedon'tyetunderstandverywell—butshorttelomeresareoneofthemajorreasonshumancellsgrowold.

We'vedevotedmostofourcareerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarj,discoveryfromourlabsisthat

telomerescanactuallylengthen.

Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andoneofthemis

cynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighangerandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbe

trusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn'tjustthink,ltIhatetostandinlonglines”；theythink,“Othersdeliberately

spedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline^^^—andthengelviolentlyagitated.Peoplewhoscorehigh

onmeasuresofcynicalhostility(endtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.

Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynical

hostilityhadshortertelomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%more

likelytohaveshorttelomeres.

Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insome

aspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientificcoinmunilythattelomeresdo

notsimplycarryoutthecommandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyou

eat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamounlofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinfluenceyour

telomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimply

doingyourparttofosterhealthycellrenewal.

28.Whyaresomelifestylefactorsconsideredextremelyimportant?

A.Theymaydeterminehowgenesfunction.

B.Theymayshortentheprocessofcelldivision.

C.Theymayaffect(helifespanoftelomeres.

D.Theymayaccountforthestressesoncells.

29.Whathavetheauthorandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredabouttelomeres?

A.Theirnumberaffectsthegrowthofcells.

B.Theirlengthdeterminesthequalityoflife.

C.Theirshorteningprocesscanbereversed.

DTheirhealthimpactsthedivisionofcells.

30.Whathavescientistslearnedaboutcynicalhostility?

A.Itmayleadtoconfrontationalthoughtpatterns.

B.Itmaycausepeopletolosetheirtemperfrequently.

C.Itmayproduceanadverseeffectontelomeres.

D.Itmaystirupagitationamongthoseinlonglines.

31.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphabouttheprocessofag.ng?

A.Itmayvaryfromindividualtoindividual.

B.Itchallengesscientiststoexplorefurther.

C.Ildependsonone,sgcucliucode.

D.Itmaybecontrolledtoadegree.

【答案】28A29.B30.C31.D

【解^5]

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們衰老速度的差異在于基因、社會關系、環境和生活方式之

間復雜的相互作用。一些生活方式因素甚至可能開啟或關閉基因。

[28題詳解】

細節理解題。由文章第一段中"Eventhoughyouwerebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecan

influencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshutthemoff.（即使你生

來就有一組特殊的基因，你的生活方式也會影響它們的表達方式。一些生活方式因素甚至可能開啟或關閉

基因）”可知，?些生活方式因素可能決定基因的功能，所以被認為是極其重要的。故選A。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第二段中

Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdeterminehowfastacellages.Whentheybecometooshort,theccl

1Stopsdividingaltogether.（隨著每次細胞分裂而縮短，它們有助于確定細胞衰老的速度。當它們變得太短

時，細胞就完全停止分裂）”可知，末端粒的長度直接關聯到細胞的老化速度及終止分裂的時點，從而影響

生命質量。因此，我們可以推斷出末端粒的長度是決定生命質量的?個關鍵因素。故選B。

【30題詳解】

細節理解題。由文章第三段中**Scientistshavelearnedthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfor

telomeres,andoneofthemiscynicalhostility.（科學家們已經了解到，有幾種思維模式似乎對端粒不健康，其

中之一是憤世嫉俗的敵意）”和"Peoplewhoscorehighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheart

disease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoungerages.（在憤世嫉俗的敵意測試中得分高的人往往更容易患心

臟病和代謝疾病，而且往往在更年輕的時候死亡。它們的端粒也更短）”可知，憤世嫉俗的敵意對端粒有不

良影響。故選C。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Whatthismeans:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeaccelerated

orslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedusandtherestofthescientific

communitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthecommandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelomeresare

listeningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyother

factorsappeartoinfluenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeysto

enjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofoster