專題01現在進行時和現在完成時的被動語態、過去將來時、主謂一致目錄考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關鍵點梳理，查漏補缺難點強化：難點內容標注與講解，能力提升學以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點聚焦高考考點聚焦常考考點真題舉例過去將來時的構成2023北京卷主謂一致2023北京卷主謂一致2023全國甲卷現在完成時的主動語態和被動語態的區別2021浙江高考一、現在進行時和現在完成時的被動語態1.現在進行時的被動語態(1)結構肯定式主語+am/is/arebeingdone+其他.否定式主語+am/is/arenotbeingdone+其他.一般疑問式Am/Is/Are+主語+beingdone+其他?特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+am/is/are(+主語)+beingdone+其他?⑵用法①表示說話時正在進行的被動動作。句中常有now,atthemoment等時間狀語。Thequestionisbeingdiscussedbythemnow.他們此刻正在討論這個問題。Itissaidthatthewaterinthelakeisnotbeingprotectedatthemoment.據說，這個湖里的水現在沒有得到保護。②表示現階段正在進行的被動動作(說話時不一定在進行)。Aretheoldmenbeinglookedafterbythisnurse?這些老人正由這個護士照看嗎？WhoisbeingselectedforthecomingEnglishspeechcontest?誰正在為即將到來的英語演講比賽接受挑選？③表示一種習慣的被動行為，常與always,constantly,often等詞連用，含有贊賞、羨慕、討厭等感情色彩。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚的是我們教室的窗戶經常被打破。Heisalwaysbeing,praisedbytheteacher.他總是被老師表揚。④現在進行時的被動語態也可以表示將來。現在進行時的被動語態有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進行的被動動作(此種用法僅限于少數及物動詞hold,take等)。Abirthdaypartyisbeingheldtonight.今晚將要舉行一場生日晚會。【溫馨提示】(1)現在進行時的被動語態有時也可以轉換為"be+介詞(under/in/on)+名詞"結構。Thetopicisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed)atthemeeting.會上正在討論這個問題。Thetelephoneisinuse(=isbeingused)now.這部電話正在使用中。Thepicturesareondisplaythesedays.這些天這些畫展正在展出中。(2)短語動詞的現在進行時變被動語態時,短語動詞中的介詞、副詞不可省略。Theplanisbeingcarriedoutwell.計劃進展順利。Makesureallpatientsarebeingtakencare.of.確保所有的病人都被很好地照料。2.現在完成時的被動語態(1)結構肯定式主語+have/hasbeendone+其他.否定式主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他.一般疑問式Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他？特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他？(2)用法①表示被動的動作在說話之前已經完成，強調過去的動作對現在造成的影響或產生的結果,通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow,since等連用。Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.這個房間已經被打掃干凈了。(現在已經不用打掃房間了)Theprofessorhasn’tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請教授。(現在應派人去請醫生)--Hasherhomeworkbeenfinisheduptillnow?到目前為止，她的家庭作業完成了嗎？--Yes,ithas.是的，完成了。(工作不用再做了)②表示一個被動的動作或狀態從過去開始一直持續到現在，并可能繼續持續下去，常與for或since等引出的時間狀語(從句)連用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Thecarhasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺車已經被修兩個小時了。(可能還會繼續被修)Howlonghastheplanbeencarriedout?這項計劃已經實施多長時間了？(可能還會繼續實施)③用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來已經完成的被動動作，即用現在完成時的被動語態代替將來完成時的被動語態。We’llstartassoonasthespeechhasbeenfinished.這演講一完成我們就立即動身。二.過去將來時1用法過去將來時表示從過去某時看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。IthoughtTomwouldn’tattendtheeveningparty,buttomysurprise,hecame.我原以為湯姆不會參加這個晚會，但是令我驚訝的是，他來了。ItoldAnnIshould/wouldreturnthebookinafewdays.我告訴過安，我將在幾天后還書。2表示方法(1)would/should+動詞原形，would用于所有人稱，should只用于第一人稱。Emilytoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.埃米莉告訴我們，如果下雨的話她就不和我們一起去了。ItelephonedmyfatheryesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天給父親打電話問我下周做什么。【溫馨提示】"would+動詞原形"也可表示過去經常性、習慣性的動作。WhenIwassmall,mymumwouldreadmestoriesatnight.在我小的時候，媽媽常在晚上給我講故事。(2)was/weregoingtodo表示過去打算/計劃做某事或客觀跡象表明要發生的事。IwasgoingtoseeMr.Brownthenextday,buttheappointmentwascancelled.我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但預約被取消了。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.我想天要下雨了。(3)was/wereabouttodo表示過去正要/即將做某事，一般不與時間狀語連用。WhenIgottheretheywereabouttoleave.我到那里的時候他們正要離開。三.主謂一致主謂一致是指句子的謂語動詞必須與其主語在人稱和數上保持一致。主謂一致遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近原則。1語法一致原則語法一致原則是指主語和謂語動詞在語法形式上必須一致,，即謂語動詞的單復數形式由主語的單復數形式決定。(1)不可數名詞或可數名詞單數形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；可數名詞的復數形式作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。MuchequipmentaboutthefamousscientisthasbeenpurchasedfromtheInternet.已經從網上購買了許多關于這位著名科學家的設備。Everypartistobecarefullycheckedbeforetheyareputtogether.組裝之前,每一個部件都要仔細檢查。Thesebooksaredesignedforchildrenunderthreeyearsold.這些書是為三歲以下的兒童設計的。(2)復合不定代詞anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing及不定代詞either,each等在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。Everyoneofusisreadyforthesportsmeeting.我們每個人都為運動會做好準備了。Everythinghereisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.這里所有的事情都亂成一團,讓人發瘋。(3)單個的動詞不定式(短語)、v-ing(短語)或主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。Dancingtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂跳舞使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Whenwecouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.我們何時能完成這項任務還未知。2意義一致原則這一原則是指從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題。主語所表達的單復數概念并不總是根據主語的形式來確定，有時要根據它所表達的意義來確定。意義一致原則主要適用于以下幾種情況:(1)and連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式。但如果and所連接的兩個單數名詞指的是同一個人、同一件事或表示整體概念，則謂語動詞用單數形式,這時and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。Theownerandtheeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaperaretoattendtheconference.這家報紙的業主和主編將參加這次會議。Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.這套刀叉在桌子上。Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.那位老師兼作家將要給我們做一次報告。【溫馨提示】如果and連接兩個"every/each+名詞"的結構時，謂語動詞常用單數形式。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasshasmadegreatprogress.我們班的每個男孩和女孩都取得了很大的進步。(2)"all/most/half/therest/...+of+名詞/代詞"或"分數/百分數+名詞/代詞"作主語時，若名詞或代詞表示單數概念或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；若表示復數概念，謂語動詞用復數形式。Therestofthebuildingswereeasytogettoandtherestofhistimewasspentinenjoyingthebeautifulscenes.其余的建筑物并不難到達，他剩下的時間都用在欣賞美景上了。Hegotbackhome,findingthatsomeofthesugarwasspilledonthefloor.他回到家，發現一些糖散落在地上。(3)表示時間、距離、金額、重量等的復數名詞作主語時常被當作一個整體來看待,謂語動詞常用單數形式。Twentykilometersisquitealongdistance.20千米是相當長的一段距離。Fiftydollarswasalargesumformeatthattime.那時50美元對我來說是一大筆錢。(4)集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致問題①有的集體名詞表示復數含義，作主語時謂語通常也用復數形式，比如cattle,people,police等。Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting？有多少人參加了會議？Thecattlearegrazingatthefootofthehill.牛群正在山腳下吃草。②有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數形式，也可用復數形式。若視為整體，謂語動詞用單數形式；若強調集體中的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數形式，比如family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee(委員會)等。Myfamilyissuchahappyonethatmanyfriendsadmiremealot.我的家庭很幸福，,很多朋友都很羨慕我。WhenIcalledonherlastSaturdayevening,herwholefamilywerewatchingTV.當我上星期六晚上拜訪她時，她全家都在看電視。③有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞只能用單數形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。Thefurnitureinthisroomhasbeenmadetoorder.這個房間的家具是定做的。Alltheirclothingisbrightandattractive.他們所有的衣服都顏色鮮艷,引人注目。Theirequipmenthasbeenshippedaheadofschedule.他們的設備已提前運走了。(5)"the+形容詞/分詞"表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，村民救了傷員。3就近原則這一原則是指謂語動詞的人稱和數往往與其最近的主語保持一致。該原則主要適用于以下幾種情況：(1)either...or..,...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數由最靠近謂語動詞的名詞或代詞決定。AreyouorhegoodatEnglish？是你還是他擅長英語？Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwantstogoclimbing.不僅學生想去爬山,老師也想。(1)therebe句型中的be動詞應與離其最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和許多鉛筆。Therearetwobooks,apenandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有兩本書、一支鋼筆和許多鉛筆。1.在使用現在完成時時，要注意現在完成時的被動語態與一般過去時的被動語態的區別。動作發生的時間可對現在有無影響一般過去時的被動語態過去無現在完成時的被動語態過去有Thebigfirehasbeenputout.大火已經被撲滅了。Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.大火在兩小時前被撲滅了。2.was/wereabouttodo/were/wastodo/was/weredoing的區別①"Sb.beabouttodo...when..."句型表示"某人正要做某事，這時(突然)……"。Iwasabouttoleavewhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正要離開，突然有人敲門。②was/weretodo表示過去計劃或安排將要做某事。Mikesaidhewastofinishtheworkinaweek.邁克說他打算一星期內完成這項工作。③當was/were+doing用于過去將來時時,僅限于go,come,leave,start,takeoff等趨向性(短語)動詞。Ididn’tknowtheywerecoming.我并不知道他們要來。DavidwasleavingforShanghaiinafewdays.戴維幾天以后要去上海。3.主謂一致中由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等連接兩部分名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞與(短語)介詞前面的主語保持一致。Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthesinger.老師和學生們都喜歡這個歌手。Mike,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.每個星期六，湯姆都和他的朋友們一起去滑冰。4.單復數形式相同的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的形式應根據其表達的意義來確定。這類名詞有means,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一個方法都試過了。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有用。真題感知1.(2023北京卷)Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2．.(2023北京卷)Uptonow,China(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.3.(2023?全國甲卷短文改錯)Intheevening,whenItakethewalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsects______(become)moremeaningfultome.4.(2021·浙江高考)Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.提升專練一、單項選擇1.Inrecentyears,aglobalcampaign______bytheSpaceAgencytopromotefurtherdevelopmentofthemannedaviation.A．launched B．haslaunched C．waslaunched D．hasbeenlaunched2.—Canyouseetheflowersthat______aspresentsforyourmother’sbirthday?—Yes.Theyaresobeautiful.A．arebuying B．willbuy C．havebrought D．havebeenbought3.Michelangelo,aswellassomeotherartists,________as“artists”ratherthan“technicians”,whichmeansartandtechnologyhavealwaysbeenseenastwoseparatethings.A．hasbeenlabelling B．havebeenlabelling,C．hasbeenlabelled D．havebeenlabelled4.—David,pleaseturnofftheTV.—ButtheTVoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A．isturned B．hasbeenturned C．isbeingturned D．willbeturned5.—“Theceremonyhasalreadystarted.”—“Look!Theflagis________now.”A．beingraised B．risen C．beingrose D．raising6.Look!Asnowman________bythechildrenintheyardnow.A．ismaking B．istobemadeC．hasbeenmaking D．isbeingmade7.Thegraybuildingiswheretheworkersareliving,andthewhiteoneiswherethespareparts_______.A．areproducing B．arebeingproducedC．produced D．hadbeenproduced8.—Whyistheresomuchnoiseintheclassroom?—AwonderfulNew-Year-Dayparty________there.A．isheld B．isholding C．holds D．isbeingheld9.Advances________inmedicineandenvironmentsofar,thankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Inaddition,newproductsinvirtualrealityandwearabletech________tothemarketmoreandmorequickly.A．havemade;havebeenbrought B．havebeenmade;arebeingbroughtC．weremade;arebeingbrought D．arebeingmade;havebeenbrought10．I________forTommy,butIchangedmymindandvotedforMichelle.A．wasgoingtovote B．wouldvote C．havevoted D．voted11．Twentyyearsago,nooneimaginedtechnologythewaypeoplemakefriendssignificantlyintheyearstocome.A．changed B．haschanged C．wouldchange D．hadchanged12．Brokeknewthatshe______timetofinishherhomeworkbytomorrow.A．willnothave B．wouldnothave C．donothave D．cannothave13．Atfirst,Ryan’splanwasjusttobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfricaandhedidn’texpectthathe________suchagreatdifferencetopeople’slives.A．made B．hasmade C．wouldmake D．hadmade14．Thestudentsweretoldthatthey________attheschoolgateat2:00thefollowingafternoon.A．met B．willmeet C．weretomeet D．weremet15.Margretpromisedthatshe________agiftwhenshewentbacktoWashington.A．willsend B．wouldsend C．hadsent D．wassending二、單句語法填空1.OnJuly8th,2023,theOlympicCouncilofAsiaannouncedthatHarbin(hold)the9thAsianWinterGamesin2025.2.Hepromisedmethathe(help).3.MotherBirdoftenworriedfromdaytodayherbaby(be)full-grownverysoon.4.Thefamilywonderedhowhe(react)totheshockingnewsafterhewastoldaboutit.5.Susantoldmelastnightthatshe(go)toSpainnextmonthtofurtherherstudy.6.Hesaidhe(be)ninetyyearsoldintwoyears.7.Hepromisedthathe(apology)tomeformakingsuchafoolmistaketomorrow.8.Heopenedhismouthasifhe(say)something.9.Hetoldmethathe(take)thefinalexaminationthenextThursday.10.Hesaidthathe(volunteer)toteachkidsintheorphanageafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.11.Myyoungerbrothersaidthathe(be)thankfulifIhelpedhimwithhishomework.12.UncleSamsaidhe(attend)mybirthdayparty,buthedidn’tturnup.13.Ihadtomakeimportantdecisionsthatwould(effect)mefortherestofmylife.14.--HeleftforBeijingthismorning.--Oh,Ithoughthe(notgo)untilnextweek.15.Ourteachersaidthatthere(be)anEnglishexamthenextweek.16.Thescientistssaidthegrowthoftheworld’spopulation(slow)downinthefuture.17.Thethreeemployeessaidthey(notgo)backtoworkuntiltheygothigherpay.18.Iwastoldthathe(be)goingtoreturnhome.19.Bettysaidshe(visit)theGreatWallthenextSaturday.20.Theyneverknewthatpopulation(become)abigproblem.21.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting(show)atthecultureexhibitionatpresent.22.Hewasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentlastnightand(operate)onnow.23.Wouldyoupleasekeepquiet?Theweatherreport(broadcast).24.Anewstadium(build)here.Theyhopetofinishitnextweek.25.Ican’tstandthenoisefromtheconstructionsite.Ashoppingmall(construct)there.26.Morethanadozencoronavirusvaccines(疫苗)(test)onhumanvolunteersatthemoment.27.Althoughthecausesofcancer(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.28.Theprojecttomakeanewhomeforpandasatpresent.(develop)29.--Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.--Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand(question)now.30.It’ssaidthatherpaintings(show)atthegallerynow.31.Sincethesetechnologiescanimproveefficiencybymorethan50%,they(apply)totheindustrialprocessinacomprehensivemannerinthepastfewyears.32.Threewomenandtheirchildren(rescue)fromtheburninghousebythefiremensincethefirebrokeout.33.Uptonow,moreandmoreproblemsaboutchildren(pay)attentionto.Wefinditcommonthatparentsandchildrenlackcommunication.34.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances(物質)(discover)inthepastyears.(35.Thenewtechnology,which(apply)toricegrowingsinceitwascreated,isincreasingthegrainoutput.36.Thebook(translate)intothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.37.Thankstothenewtechnology,costs(reduce)by30%overthepastyear.38.Thecase(investigate)foroversixweeks.39.Uptonow,alargenumberofschools(build)inthisarea.40.ProfessorYang(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.41.Greatchanges(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories(set)upinthepasttenyears.42.Somanythings(do)tosavethelocalwildlife,suchassettingupreserveandmakinglaws.43.Uptonow,morethan360acupuncturepoints(identify).44.Thehistoricalinfluenceoftheexplorationineveryperiods(comment)sofar.45Landslidesandearthquakes(claim)morethan1.6millionlivesinthelasthundredyears.46.Heisalittleboy,buthe(behaviour)asifhewereanadult.47.We(debate)whethertolowertheageofclubmembershipto18now.(所給詞的適當形式填空)48.Youeatherfood,enjoyherhospitalityandthen(criticism)herbehindherback.(所給詞的適當形式填空)49.Listening,whichisanactivebehaviorofhumanbeings,(consist)ofhearing,understandingaswellasremembering.50.He(leave)forLondonintwohourstoattendanimportantmeeting.51.Theschoolsheislookingforwardto(be)theonewithahistoryof100years.(所給詞的適當形式填空)52.SofarLiMei(compete)intheOlympicGamestwice.(所給詞的適當形式填空)53.Yesterdaytheinvitationtotheparty(turn)downbyLindabecauseshehadanotherplan.54.Asyoudiversecultures,youmayfeeltransportedthroughtimeandspace.(expose)55.ThebookTheDreamoftheRedMansions______(recognize)asagreatworkofliterature.56.I(finish)myhomework,soIcangotothecinema.57.Thepolicedrewtheconclusionthatthedriverratherthanthecouples(be)responsibleforthetrafficaccident.58.Lindaboughtanewtelephoneyesterday,which(shape)likeacat.59.Thepathbeforeyou(lead)toaworldfullofchallenges:anewenvironment,newknowledge,andnewwaysofthinking.60.--Themoviestartsat8:30,sowecanhaveaquickbiteat7:20.--______(sound)great!Seeyoutomorrow.Ⅱ句型轉換1.Thelittleboytookgoodcareofthisbookbecauseitwashisfavoriteone.(用被動語態改寫)2.Lucylikesjogging,butshelikesplayingbasketballbetter.(同義句轉換)Lucyplayingbasketball

jogging.3.Myparentsgotmarried15yearsago.(改為同義句)Myparentsmarriedfor15years.4.There’salwayssomethingexcitingtodo.(用定語從句改寫句子)