2025PETS二級(jí)考試試卷：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)硬件英語(yǔ)閱讀考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、MultipleChoice要求：ReadthefollowingpassageaboutIoThardwareandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.1.TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetworkofdevicesthatareconnectedtotheinternetandcansendandreceivedata.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofanIoTdevice?a)SmartThermostatb)Refrigeratorc)Laptopd)Smartwatch2.WhatisthemainpurposeofamicrocontrollerinIoTdevices?a)Toconnecttotheinternetb)Toprocessdatac)Tostoredatad)Toprovidepower3.WhichofthefollowingisawirelesscommunicationprotocolusedinIoTdevices?a)Bluetoothb)Wi-Fic)Ethernetd)USB4.WhichofthefollowingisacommonsensorusedinIoTdevices?a)Camerab)Microphonec)Accelerometerd)Keyboard5.WhatisthemainfunctionofagatewayinanIoTnetwork?a)Toconnectdevicestotheinternetb)Toprocessdatac)Tostoredatad)Toprovidepower6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofIoTdevices?a)Theyarebattery-poweredb)Theycanberemotelycontrolledc)Theycancommunicatewitheachotherd)Theyareexpensive7.WhatisthepurposeofameshnetworkinIoT?a)Toincreasethenumberofdevicesthatcanbeconnectedb)Toreducethecostofdatatransmissionc)Toimprovethereliabilityofthenetworkd)Toprovidefasterdatatransmission8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofusingIoTdevicesinhomes?a)Increasedenergyefficiencyb)Improvedsecurityc)Reducedcostd)Enhancedcomfort9.WhatisthemainchallengeindevelopingIoTdevices?a)Thecostofthehardwareb)Thecomplexityofthesoftwarec)Thelimitedbatterylifed)Thesecurityrisks10.WhichofthefollowingisacommonstandardusedforIoTdevices?a)MQTTb)RESTfulAPIc)HTTPd)TCP/IP二、TrueorFalse要求：ReadthefollowingstatementsaboutIoThardwareanddetermineiftheyaretrueorfalse.1.IoTdevicescanonlybecontrolledusingasmartphone.2.MicrocontrollersareusedtoconnectIoTdevicestotheinternet.3.Wi-FiisthemostcommonlyusedwirelesscommunicationprotocolinIoTdevices.4.SensorsinIoTdevicescanonlymeasuretemperatureandhumidity.5.AgatewayisadevicethatconnectsIoTdevicestoalocalnetwork.6.IoTdevicescanbeeasilyhacked,leadingtosecurityrisks.7.MeshnetworksareusedtoincreasethenumberofdevicesthatcanbeconnectedinanIoTnetwork.8.IoTdevicesaremoreexpensivethantraditionaldevices.9.MQTTisaprotocolusedforreal-timedatacommunicationinIoTdevices.10.ThemainchallengeindevelopingIoTdevicesisthecomplexityofthesoftware.四、FillintheBlanks要求：ReadthefollowingpassageaboutIoThardwareandfillintheblankswiththecorrectwords.IoTdevicesarebecomingincreasinglypopularduetotheirabilitytoprovideconvenienceandefficiencyinvariousapplications.Theyareequippedwithsensors,microcontrollers,andcommunicationmodulestocollectandtransmitdata.OneofthekeycomponentsofanIoTdeviceisthe___________whichisresponsibleforprocessingthedatareceivedfromthesensors.Thisdataisthensenttothe___________viaa___________protocol,suchasWi-FiorBluetooth.The___________actsasacentralhubfortheIoTnetwork,connectingmultipledevicesandenablingthemtocommunicatewitheachother.Additionally,IoTdevicesoftenrequirea___________toensuretheyremainpoweredandfunctional.Finally,securityisacrucialaspectofIoTdevices,andmeasuressuchas___________and___________areimplementedtoprotectthedatatransmittedandreceivedbythesedevices.五、ShortAnswerQuestions要求：AnswerthefollowingshortanswerquestionsaboutIoThardware.1.WhatistheroleofsensorsinIoTdevices?2.HowdoesamicrocontrollercontributetothefunctionalityofanIoTdevice?3.WhatarethemainwirelesscommunicationprotocolsusedinIoTdevices?4.ExplainthefunctionofagatewayinanIoTnetwork.5.WhataresomecommonchallengesfacedindevelopingIoTdevices?6.HowcanthesecurityofIoTdevicesbeenhanced?7.WhatarethebenefitsofusingameshnetworkinIoT?8.HowdoIoTdevicescontributetoenergyefficiencyinhomes?9.WhatistheimportanceofstandardizationinthedevelopmentofIoTdevices?10.DiscussthepotentialimpactofIoTonvariousindustries.六、Matching要求：Matchthefollowingtermswiththeirdefinitions.1.___________-Anetworkofdevicesconnectedtotheinternetthatcansendandreceivedata.2.___________-AsmallcomputeronasingleintegratedcircuitthatcontrolsthefunctionsofanIoTdevice.3.___________-AdevicethatconnectsIoTdevicestoalocalnetworkandenablescommunicationbetweenthem.4.___________-Asensorthatmeasuresaccelerationandcanbeusedtodetectmotion.5.___________-AprotocolusedforexchangingmessagesbetweenIoTdevicesandthecloud.6.___________-AmethodofsecuringIoTdevicesandprotectingdatafromunauthorizedaccess.7.___________-Anetworktopologywheremultipledevicesareconnectedtoeachothertoformasinglenetwork.8.___________-Asensorthatmeasurestheamountoflight.9.___________-AstandardfortheinteroperabilityofIoTdevices.10.___________-Aprotocolusedforreal-timedatacommunicationinIoTdevices.本次試卷答案如下：一、MultipleChoice1.C解析：Laptop（筆記本電腦）是一種傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備，它不是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備。2.B解析：微控制器的主要功能是處理數(shù)據(jù)，它是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備的核心處理單元。3.A解析：藍(lán)牙（Bluetooth）是一種常用的無(wú)線通信協(xié)議，用于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。4.C解析：加速度計(jì)（Accelerometer）是一種常用的傳感器，可以測(cè)量物體的加速度。5.A解析：網(wǎng)關(guān)（Gateway）的主要功能是連接物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備之間的通信。6.D解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備通常比傳統(tǒng)設(shè)備便宜，因?yàn)樗鼈兝昧烁冗M(jìn)的集成技術(shù)和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。7.C解析：網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Meshnetwork）通過(guò)增加節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的連接來(lái)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性和冗余性。8.C解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備可以通過(guò)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)家中的能源使用來(lái)提高能源效率。9.B解析：軟件的復(fù)雜性是開發(fā)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備時(shí)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一。10.A解析：MQTT（MessageQueuingTelemetryTransport）是一種輕量級(jí)的協(xié)議，常用于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備之間的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)通信。二、TrueorFalse1.False解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備可以通過(guò)多種方式控制，包括智能手機(jī)、電腦、語(yǔ)音助手等。2.True解析：微控制器負(fù)責(zé)處理物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備中的數(shù)據(jù)。3.True解析：Wi-Fi是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備中最常用的無(wú)線通信協(xié)議之一。4.False解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備中的傳感器可以測(cè)量多種物理量，不僅僅是溫度和濕度。5.True解析：網(wǎng)關(guān)在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中扮演著連接設(shè)備到本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)的角色。6.True解析：由于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備通常連接到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因此它們?nèi)菀资艿胶诳凸簟?.True解析：網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過(guò)增加節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的連接來(lái)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性和冗余性。8.False解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備可以降低家庭能源消耗，但并不是所有設(shè)備都能直接降低成本。9.True解析：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化對(duì)于確保物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備的互操作性至關(guān)重要。10.True解析：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)各個(gè)行業(yè)都有潛在的重大影響，包括醫(yī)療、交通、工業(yè)等。四、FillintheBlanks1.microcontroller2.gateway3.communication4.gateway5.battery6.encryption7.authentication五、ShortAnswerQuestions1.SensorsinIoTdevicescollectdatafromtheenvironment,suchastemperature,humidity,light,motion,etc.,andsendthisdatatothemicrocontrollerforprocessing.2.AmicrocontrollerinanIoTdeviceprocessesdatareceivedfromsensors,makesdecisionsbasedonthatdata,andcontrolsthedevice'sfunctions.3.ThemainwirelesscommunicationprotocolsusedinIoTdevicesareWi-Fi,Bluetooth,Zigbee,andLoRaWAN.4.AgatewayinanIoTnetworkconnectsIoTdevicestoalocalnetworkandenablesthemtocommunicatewitheachotherandwiththecloud.5.CommonchallengesindevelopingIoTdevicesincludehardwarecomplexity,softwaredevelopment,securityconcerns,andinteroperabilityissues.6.ThesecurityofIoTdevicescanbeenhancedbyimplementingstrongencryption,authenticationprotocols,andregularsoftwareupdates.7.AmeshnetworkinIoTp