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考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷439
一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共20題,每題7.0
分,共20分。)
"Itkeepsyougrounded,putsyouinasituationthatkeepsyououtoftrouble,andputsyou
withagroupthathasthesamemind-set,"saysMollySkinner,asophomoreatthe
UniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,appraisingthenonathleticbenefitsshe
experiencedwhileplayingsoccerinhighschool.Accordingtoonenewstudy,suitingup
forthehighschoolteamdoesseemtogivegirlsaboostwhenitcomestogettinga
collegediploma.Therecentstudy,conductedbyprofessorsfromBrighamYoung
University(BYU)andWestChesterUniversityofPennsylvania(WCUP),foundthat
womenwhoplayedsportsinhighschoolwere73percentmorelikelytoearnabachelor's
degreewithinsixyearsofgraduatingfromhighschoolthanthosewhodidnot.(Thcstudy
didnotlookatmalealhletes.)Theiranalysisofdatafrom5,103womencollectedaspart
ofaU.S.DepartmentofEducationstudyfoundthatevenamonggirlswhofacestatistical
challengesfinishingcollegebasedonsocioeconomicbackground,theathletesstillhad
morethan40percenthighercollegecompletionratesthannonathletes,regardlessof
whethertheyplayedatthecollegelevel."Intimeswhenweworryaboutimproving
academicperformanceoroutcomes,wewondershouldwebedevotingtimeandmoney
toextracurricularactivities?"asksBYUProf.MikaelaDufur,oneofthestudy'sauthors.
"Theseareimportantarenasfor-inourcase—girlstomakeconnectionswithothersand
adultswhohelpencouragethemtosucceed."Atthecollegiatelevel,though,themeasure
ofwomen'ssportsremainsasmurky(iinclear)asever,thankstothepoliticsofTitleIX.
Enactedin1972,TitleIXguaranteeswomenequalopportunityincollegiatesports,but
itscriticscontendthatmanyschoolsreachthatbalancebycuttingmen'steamsratherthan
addingwomen's.AJulyreportonTitleIXfromtheGovernmentAccountability
Office(GAO)hasdonelittletosettlethedebate.Thatstudyfoundincreasesinstudent
participationincollegeathleticsonbothsidesofthegenderline,thoughthegrowthrate
washigherforwomen'steamsandfemaleathletes.TitleIXcriticssaythattheGAO
reportreliestooheavilyonNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)data,which
canobscurethenumberofmen'steamscutfromparticularschoolsasmorecollegesjoin
theNCAAoverall.Whilethepoliticaldebatecontinues,femaleathletesthemselvesseem
tobefocusingonthefinishline."Ithinkthatsportsteachesyoutopersevere,"says
VirginiaTech-boundRachelPlumb,whoracedonherhighschool'scrosscountryteam.
"Itteachesyoutokeepaneyeonagoal."
1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,
A、MollySkinnerisplayingsoccerontheuniversityteam.
B、playingsoccercontributedtoMolly'snonathleticlife.
C、playingsportshelpsgirlstoenrollatuniversities.
D、playingsportsgrantsgirlsextracreditsatuniversities.
標準答案:B
知識點解析:事實細節題。根據第一段可知,莫莉?斯金納回憶她中學參加足球隊
的經歷給她帶來了運動以外的收獲,因此可以推斷B項為正確答案。
2、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentstudybyprofessorsfromBYUand
WCUP?
A、Womenathletesaremorelikelytofinishcollegethannonathletes.
B、Femaleathleteshavemorechancetogetdiplomasthanmaleathletes.
C、Statisticalchallengesreducethechanceforfemaleathletestogetdegrees.
D^Playingsportsinhighschoolmattersmorethanplayingatcolleges.
標準答案:D
知識點解析:事實推斷題。根據專有名詞BYU和WCUP可定位至第二段。該段最
后一句說,不論她們在大學階段是否參加體育運動,有過中學體育運動經歷的女生
也要比沒有的女生畢業率高出40%,可以推知D項為正確答案。
3、BYUProf.MikaelaDufurfoundthatextracurricularactivities
A、exertadverseeffectstogirls'academicperformance.
B、canimprovegirls'academicoutcomesdirectly.
Cxbringpeoplewhoareworthknowingtogirls.
D、mayconsumetoomuchmoneyandtimeofgirls.
標準答案:C
知識點解析:推理判斷題。根據MikaelaDufur定位至第三段。這位教授說,“這些
課外活動正是女生和他人接觸的良好機會,在交流中,她們還能得到成年人的鼓
勵,幫助她們獲得成功”,據此可以推知C項為正確選項。
4、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
A^TitleIXrealizeswomen'sequalopportunityincollegiatesports.
B、TitleIXbalancesmen'sandwomeivssportsinmanyschools.
C^TitleIXisn'tsuccessfulinachievingitsgoalfbrwomen'srights.
D^GAOreportprovesthesuccessofTitleIXincollegesports.
標準答案:c
知識點0析:事實推斷題。文中指出,第九條的評論者認為,很多學校只是通過削
減男生.的體育團隊來保證男女機會均等,而政府問責辦公室的報告過多依賴于美國
大學體育協會的數據,通過這些可以推知作者認為第九條是不成功的,C項正確。
5、Wecanconcludefromthetextthat
A^girlswhoplayedsportsinhighschoolsarebettercollegestudents.
B>giilswithhighschoolsportsexperiencearemeniallysliungcr.
C^athleticgirlsaremorelikelytogetcollegedegreesthankstoTitleIX.
D、athleticgirlsalwaysperformbetteratcollegesthannonathlctes.
標準答案:B
知識點解析:主旨大意題。根據首尾兩段兩位女性的說法,以及第三段的研究者觀
點,參加運動的女性會更加堅持不懈,更能獲得清醒的認識并得到鼓勵,因此B
項為正確選項。
"Ah,yes,divorce",RobinWilliamsoncemused,"fromtheLatinwordmeaningtoripout
aman'sgenitalsthroughhiswallet".Thederivationmaynotbefoundindictionaries,but
hewasonwell-troddengroundinlinkingdivorcetomoney.Thismonthasurvey
conductedamongfinancialanalysts,stockbrokersandhedge-fundmanagersbyMishcon
deReya,alawfirm,suggestedthattheeconomicdownturnwillpromptanupsurgein
divorcesamonghigh-earnersinLondon'sfinancialcentre.Thispatternisnotwithout
precedent;SandraDavis,whocommissionedthestudy.saysthattherecessionofthe
early1990sledtoawaveofdivorcesamongtheCity'swealthypeople.Athirdofcurrent
inquiriestolawyersbythosedecidingtobreaktheknot,sheclaims,arelinkedtothe
creditcrunch.Oneexplanationisthatthedefectingspousesofhighearnersaregetting
outbeforethecrunchreducesthepotentialforprofitablesettlements.AstheCityboom
turnstobust,redundanciesarebecomingcommonplaceandhugebonusesadistant
dream.Sincerecentearningsareoneofthefactorstakenintoaccountindivorce
settlements,itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlater.Othersarguethatmoney
andthedistractionsitbuysallowcouplestoavoidaddressingdifficultiesintheir
relationship,whichcometotheforeinmorefinancially-distressedtimes.Formiddle
earners,thelinkbetweendivorceratesandeconomicconditionsislessclear-cut,notleast
sincethemainmaritalassetishousesratherthanspouses.Risinginflationandfalling
housepricesputpressureonmarriagesandmightthuscontributetohigherdivorcerates.
Yetthesamefactorsalsomakesplittingupmorecomplicated.Fallingpropertyprices
meanthatsellingthefamilyhomemaynotprovidesufficientfundsfortwoseparate
homes,especiallynowthatlendershavebecomemuchmorechoosy."Aflagging
economyclearlyleadstoanincreaseinmisery;whetherornotitcausesariseinthe
divorcerateisadebatablepoint,"sumsupStephenJenkins,directoroftheInstitutefor
SocialandEconomicResearch.Oneconsequenceisthatmorecouplesarelivingtogether
afterdivorce,whichraisesitsownproblems.GodfreyFreeman,chairmanofResolution,
anassociationoffamilylawyers,pointsoutthatthelower-earningpartnersinsuch
couplesmayfindithardertoclaimbenefits.Theyareusuallyrefusedhelp,hesays,on
thegroundsthattheirmortgageisbeingpaid,eveniftheyhavenocashoftheirownto
covereverydayexpenses.
6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyproviding
A^awell-knowndefinitionofdivorceinthedictionary.
B、adownrightfactthatdivorceislinkedtoeconomy.
C、aninterestingquoteofafamouspersonaboutdivorce.
D^astatisticsurveythatwasconductedalongtimeago.
標準答案:C
知識點浦析:推理判斷題。題目問的是作者是如何引入話題的。文章一開始便引入
了羅賓?威廉姆斯的名言,即通過引用名人名言的方式引入話題,所以正確答案為
C項。
7、AccordingtoSandraDavis,recessionoftheearly1990sisregardedtohave
A、affectedthewholesocietyintheirlifestyle.
B、causedsomechangesinfamilystructures.
C^encouragedmorelawyerstoconsiderdivorcecases.
D、resultedfromthedivorcetrends.
標準答案:B
知識點解析:事實細節題。考查因果細節。根據SandraDavis可定位至第二段。她
指出,20世紀90年代初的經濟衰退引發了倫敦富人中的離婚高潮,即導致了家庭
結構的變化,所以正確答案為B項。
X、Thestatement"itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlatcr"(Linc4,Paragraph
3)isusedtoshowthat
A、therelationshipbetweendivorceandeconomyiswell-grounded.
B、thedivorcewavewillfinallycalmdownanddisappear.
C、wealthycouplesareencouragedtosettledownassoonaspossible.
D、peoplewouldliketoprotecttheirownearnings.
標準答案:D
知識點解析:語義理解題。第三段提到,隨著經濟的衰退,富裕人群的收入也減
少,由于近期的收入也作為離婚財產分割的依據之一,所以離婚不如趁早的做法是
有道理的。所以作者說趁早離婚更明智,是為了說明人們都想保住自己的財產免受
損失,D項正確。
9、Byreferringtothemiddleearners,theauthorintendstoshowthat
somecoupleswouldliketospendlifetogethereveniftheybreakup.
B、theyareforcedtoconsidereconomicsituationsafterthedivorce.
C^thelinkbetweendivorceandmoneyisasevidentasinthecasesofrichcouples.
D^theyarcfacedwithdifferentproblemscomparedwithwealthyclasses.
標準答案:D
知識點解析:觀點態度題。根據middleearners定位至第四段。文中提至產房產的貶
值意味著離婚后變賣房產所得可能不足以讓離婚雙方各自購房”,說明中產階級和
富裕階層面臨不同的問題,D項正確。
10、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?
A、Thereshouldbesomecorrelationsbetweeneconomyandfamily.
B>Economicdepressionissuretohavecausedthesocialinstability.
C^Iftheeconomygrowsfast,thelower-earningpartnerswillclaimmorehelp.
D^Economicgrowthdependsuponthehappyrelationshipbetweensocialmembers.
標準答案:A
知識點解析:主旨大意題。通觀全文,都是在講經濟形勢與離婚之間的關系,所以
選A項。
Mothersinterferewiththeirchildren'slivesevenmorethanmostoffspringrealize.That
theynagabouteatinghabitsiswellknown.Whatgoesunnoticedisthatmothersleave
cellsinsidetheirchildrensbodies,whichmayhelpwithrepairswhenachild'sowncells
godisorderly.Thisformofmaternalinterferenceiscalledmicrochimerism——thepresence
ofasmallnumberofcellsthatoriginatefromanotherindividualandthereforegenetically
distinctfromthecellsofthehostindividual.Amother'scellscanendureuntilachild
reachesadulthoodandperhapsthroughoutlife.Butscientistsdonotknowexactlyhow
commonmicrochimerismis.Itisdetectedmoreofteninpeoplewithautoimmune
conditions,whichhasledtothesuggestionthatthematernalcellscouldtriggerthose
diseases.Buthealthypeoplehavethemtoo,seeminglywithnoilleffects.LeeNelson,of
theUniversityofWashington,suspectsthateverybodyhasafewmaternalcells.Hermost
recentworkarguesthat,atleastinsomecases,theyhelpratherthanharm.DrNelsonand
hercolleaguestookbloodsamplesfromthreegroupsofyoungvolunteersandtheir
mothers.Thefirstgroupcomprised94youngvolunteerswhohadtype1diabetes;the
secondwere54oftheirhealthysiblings(brothersorsisters);andafurther24were
childrenwithoutdiabeteswhowerenotrelatedtoanyoneelseinthestudy.The
researchersthencomparedDNAfromthemothersandtheirchildren.Becausemothers
passcopiesofabouthalfiheirgenestotheirchildren,somegenesinanychild-mother
pairswillbeuniquetothemother-thosethatthechildhasnotinheritedfromher.
Others—versionsofgenesthatcamefromdad—willbeuniquetothechild.DrNelson
usedtheuniquelymaternalgenestofindmothers'cellsinthevolunteers'blood.The
techniquefoundmaternalcellsinabouthalfthediabetics'samples,butinonlyaboutone-
thirdofthehealthysiblings'samplesandinlessthanone-fifthofthosefromtheunrelated
volunteers.Moreover,themicrochimerismwasnotonlymorecommonbutalsomore
pronouncedindiabetics.DrNelsonalsolookedforsignsthatthematernalcellshad
causedthediabetesbutfoundnoevidence.So,contrarytoestablishedopinion,she
believesmaternalcellscandochildrengood.Thesecellsmayhelpanybodilyorgan
workbetter,shesays,apartfromthereproductivekind.Mothers'protectiveinterference
goeson-seenandunseen.
11、"Microchimerism"referstoaformofmaternalinterferenceinwhichmothers
A、keeptellingtheirchildrenwhattheyshouldeatalldaylong.
helpsickchildrenwiththeirowncellsleftinsidechildren'sbodies.
C、interferewithchildren'slivesinanall-roundway.
D、leavealloftheirowncells,goodorbad,insidetheirchildreiVsbodies.
標準答案:B
知識點解析:詞義理解題。根據第二段第一句可得知對于microchimerism的解釋
應該在上一段中,因此通過第一段最后一句“當孩子的細胞出現問題時,從母親那
里繼承來的細胞會對其進行修復”可得出答案為B項。
12、ItisstatedinParagraph2thatmicrochimerismcould
A、onlybedetectedinpeoplewithautoimmuneconditions.
B、befoundinpeopleofallagesandofallraces.
C^alsobefoundinpeoplewhoenjoygoodhealth.
D、bedelectedinpeoplewithallunhealthyconditions.
標準答案:C
知識點解析:事實細節題。根據第二段最后?句話“健康人的體內也有母血細胞,
卻似乎并沒有引發什么不良后果”,可得出答案為C項。
13、Somegenesinchild-motherpairswillbeuniquetothemotherinthat
A^thesegeneshaven'tbeenpassedtothechild.
B、lessthanhalfofthegeneshavebeenpassedtothechild.
C、thesegenescomefromthefather.
D、thechildisnotwillingtoinheritthesegenes.
標準答案:A」「
知識點解析:因果細節題。根據第四段第一句話可知母親獨有的基因指那些沒有被
孩子繼承的基因,因此A項正確。
14、AccordingtoDrNelsoninthelastparagraph,maternalcellswould
A、leadtothediabetes.
B、triggervariousdiseases.
C、exertpositiveimpactonchildren.
D、harmratherthanhelp.
標準答案:C
知識點解析:細節推斷題。根據最后一段第二句提到的dochildrengood可得出答
案為C項。
15,Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsmaternalinterference?
A、Supportive.
B、Biased.
C>Impartial.
D、Ironic.
標準答案:C
知識點解析:觀點態度題。通讀全文可知作者并未對母性干預做出任何主觀性的評
論。而文章最后一句“無論人們注意到與否,母親們的保護性干預始終存在”也印證
了這點,因此C項“中立的”正確。
WithJapan'swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,the
world'soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhislongevity.AsTomojiTanabe,111,
receivedhiscertificatefromGuinnessWorldRecords,theformerengineer,whonever
touchesalcohol,saidthathisfeatofsurvivalwasnothingspecial."Ihavebeenaround
toolong,"hejoked,"Iamsorry."Mr.Tanabeaddedhiscustomaryexplanationofhowhe
hasmanagedtoreachsucharipeoldage:"Notdrinkingalcoholisthebestformulafor
keepingmyselfhealthy,"hesaid.OtherresidentsofhisvillageattributedMr.Tanabe's
longlifetoadietthatconsistschieflyofvegetablesandverylittlefriedfood.His
explanationfuelsacontinuingmysteryabouttheidealformulaforlongevity-aseach
newholderofthetitleiscrowned,eachattributeshisorhersuccesstodiets,lifestylesand
habitsthatdifferwidely.Somehavesaidthatfreshairisthekey,othershavebeenheavy
smokers.Somehavetakenvigorousexercise,othershaveswornbyperiodsofinactivity.
TheMayorofMiyakonojo,thevillagewhereMr.Tanabeliveswithhisfamily,presented
thecertificatetoitsfamousresidentafternearlyfivemonthsofbirthdateverificationby
theGuinnessWorldRecordsteam.Mr.Tanabeunofficiallyinheritedthetitlewhenits
previousrecord-holder,EmilianoMer-cadodelToro,ofPuertoRico,diedinJanuary,
aged115.ThecrowningofMr.Tanabe,whowasborninthesouthernislandofKyushiin
1895,bringsthedesired"doubletrophy"backtoJapan.YoncMinagawa,wholivesinthe
samearea,is114andholdsthetitleofworld'soldestwoman.Japan'spopulationofthe
centenariansisthelargestintheworld.Mostofthe28,000Japanesewhohavemadeit
beyond100arewomenandthehighestconcentrationoftheveryelderlyisinthe
southernpart.TheareaaroundHiroshimaandtheislandofOkinawaareespeciallyrich
informer"world'soldest'titleholders.Thenumberofcentenarianshasrisen160-fold
sincerecordsbeganinthe1960s.AlthoughJapanisproudofitsrecord-breaking
longevity,thesuccessofMr.Tanabecomesasthecountryisrunningshortofideasfor
howtosolveitsageingcrisis.Withthefertilityratestillatrecordlows,governmentand
privatesectoreffortstostimulatethebirthratehavemetwithlittlesucc
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