考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷439

一、閱讀(常規閱讀理解)(本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。)

"Itkeepsyougrounded,putsyouinasituationthatkeepsyououtoftrouble,andputsyou

withagroupthathasthesamemind-set,"saysMollySkinner,asophomoreatthe

UniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,appraisingthenonathleticbenefitsshe

experiencedwhileplayingsoccerinhighschool.Accordingtoonenewstudy,suitingup

forthehighschoolteamdoesseemtogivegirlsaboostwhenitcomestogettinga

collegediploma.Therecentstudy,conductedbyprofessorsfromBrighamYoung

University(BYU)andWestChesterUniversityofPennsylvania(WCUP),foundthat

womenwhoplayedsportsinhighschoolwere73percentmorelikelytoearnabachelor's

degreewithinsixyearsofgraduatingfromhighschoolthanthosewhodidnot.(Thcstudy

didnotlookatmalealhletes.)Theiranalysisofdatafrom5,103womencollectedaspart

ofaU.S.DepartmentofEducationstudyfoundthatevenamonggirlswhofacestatistical

challengesfinishingcollegebasedonsocioeconomicbackground,theathletesstillhad

morethan40percenthighercollegecompletionratesthannonathletes,regardlessof

whethertheyplayedatthecollegelevel."Intimeswhenweworryaboutimproving

academicperformanceoroutcomes,wewondershouldwebedevotingtimeandmoney

toextracurricularactivities?"asksBYUProf.MikaelaDufur,oneofthestudy'sauthors.

"Theseareimportantarenasfor-inourcase—girlstomakeconnectionswithothersand

adultswhohelpencouragethemtosucceed."Atthecollegiatelevel,though,themeasure

ofwomen'ssportsremainsasmurky(iinclear)asever,thankstothepoliticsofTitleIX.

Enactedin1972,TitleIXguaranteeswomenequalopportunityincollegiatesports,but

itscriticscontendthatmanyschoolsreachthatbalancebycuttingmen'steamsratherthan

addingwomen's.AJulyreportonTitleIXfromtheGovernmentAccountability

Office(GAO)hasdonelittletosettlethedebate.Thatstudyfoundincreasesinstudent

participationincollegeathleticsonbothsidesofthegenderline,thoughthegrowthrate

washigherforwomen'steamsandfemaleathletes.TitleIXcriticssaythattheGAO

reportreliestooheavilyonNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)data,which

canobscurethenumberofmen'steamscutfromparticularschoolsasmorecollegesjoin

theNCAAoverall.Whilethepoliticaldebatecontinues,femaleathletesthemselvesseem

tobefocusingonthefinishline."Ithinkthatsportsteachesyoutopersevere,"says

VirginiaTech-boundRachelPlumb,whoracedonherhighschool'scrosscountryteam.

"Itteachesyoutokeepaneyeonagoal."

1、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,

A、MollySkinnerisplayingsoccerontheuniversityteam.

B、playingsoccercontributedtoMolly'snonathleticlife.

C、playingsportshelpsgirlstoenrollatuniversities.

D、playingsportsgrantsgirlsextracreditsatuniversities.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節題。根據第一段可知，莫莉?斯金納回憶她中學參加足球隊

的經歷給她帶來了運動以外的收獲，因此可以推斷B項為正確答案。

2、WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentstudybyprofessorsfromBYUand

WCUP?

A、Womenathletesaremorelikelytofinishcollegethannonathletes.

B、Femaleathleteshavemorechancetogetdiplomasthanmaleathletes.

C、Statisticalchallengesreducethechanceforfemaleathletestogetdegrees.

D^Playingsportsinhighschoolmattersmorethanplayingatcolleges.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：事實推斷題。根據專有名詞BYU和WCUP可定位至第二段。該段最

后一句說，不論她們在大學階段是否參加體育運動，有過中學體育運動經歷的女生

也要比沒有的女生畢業率高出40%,可以推知D項為正確答案。

3、BYUProf.MikaelaDufurfoundthatextracurricularactivities

A、exertadverseeffectstogirls'academicperformance.

B、canimprovegirls'academicoutcomesdirectly.

Cxbringpeoplewhoareworthknowingtogirls.

D、mayconsumetoomuchmoneyandtimeofgirls.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：推理判斷題。根據MikaelaDufur定位至第三段。這位教授說，“這些

課外活動正是女生和他人接觸的良好機會，在交流中，她們還能得到成年人的鼓

勵，幫助她們獲得成功”，據此可以推知C項為正確選項。

4、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

A^TitleIXrealizeswomen'sequalopportunityincollegiatesports.

B、TitleIXbalancesmen'sandwomeivssportsinmanyschools.

C^TitleIXisn'tsuccessfulinachievingitsgoalfbrwomen'srights.

D^GAOreportprovesthesuccessofTitleIXincollegesports.

標準答案：c

知識點0析：事實推斷題。文中指出，第九條的評論者認為，很多學校只是通過削

減男生.的體育團隊來保證男女機會均等，而政府問責辦公室的報告過多依賴于美國

大學體育協會的數據，通過這些可以推知作者認為第九條是不成功的，C項正確。

5、Wecanconcludefromthetextthat

A^girlswhoplayedsportsinhighschoolsarebettercollegestudents.

B>giilswithhighschoolsportsexperiencearemeniallysliungcr.

C^athleticgirlsaremorelikelytogetcollegedegreesthankstoTitleIX.

D、athleticgirlsalwaysperformbetteratcollegesthannonathlctes.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主旨大意題。根據首尾兩段兩位女性的說法，以及第三段的研究者觀

點，參加運動的女性會更加堅持不懈，更能獲得清醒的認識并得到鼓勵，因此B

項為正確選項。

"Ah,yes,divorce",RobinWilliamsoncemused,"fromtheLatinwordmeaningtoripout

aman'sgenitalsthroughhiswallet".Thederivationmaynotbefoundindictionaries,but

hewasonwell-troddengroundinlinkingdivorcetomoney.Thismonthasurvey

conductedamongfinancialanalysts,stockbrokersandhedge-fundmanagersbyMishcon

deReya,alawfirm,suggestedthattheeconomicdownturnwillpromptanupsurgein

divorcesamonghigh-earnersinLondon'sfinancialcentre.Thispatternisnotwithout

precedent;SandraDavis,whocommissionedthestudy.saysthattherecessionofthe

early1990sledtoawaveofdivorcesamongtheCity'swealthypeople.Athirdofcurrent

inquiriestolawyersbythosedecidingtobreaktheknot,sheclaims,arelinkedtothe

creditcrunch.Oneexplanationisthatthedefectingspousesofhighearnersaregetting

outbeforethecrunchreducesthepotentialforprofitablesettlements.AstheCityboom

turnstobust,redundanciesarebecomingcommonplaceandhugebonusesadistant

dream.Sincerecentearningsareoneofthefactorstakenintoaccountindivorce

settlements,itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlater.Othersarguethatmoney

andthedistractionsitbuysallowcouplestoavoidaddressingdifficultiesintheir

relationship,whichcometotheforeinmorefinancially-distressedtimes.Formiddle

earners,thelinkbetweendivorceratesandeconomicconditionsislessclear-cut,notleast

sincethemainmaritalassetishousesratherthanspouses.Risinginflationandfalling

housepricesputpressureonmarriagesandmightthuscontributetohigherdivorcerates.

Yetthesamefactorsalsomakesplittingupmorecomplicated.Fallingpropertyprices

meanthatsellingthefamilyhomemaynotprovidesufficientfundsfortwoseparate

homes,especiallynowthatlendershavebecomemuchmorechoosy."Aflagging

economyclearlyleadstoanincreaseinmisery;whetherornotitcausesariseinthe

divorcerateisadebatablepoint,"sumsupStephenJenkins,directoroftheInstitutefor

SocialandEconomicResearch.Oneconsequenceisthatmorecouplesarelivingtogether

afterdivorce,whichraisesitsownproblems.GodfreyFreeman,chairmanofResolution,

anassociationoffamilylawyers,pointsoutthatthelower-earningpartnersinsuch

couplesmayfindithardertoclaimbenefits.Theyareusuallyrefusedhelp,hesays,on

thegroundsthattheirmortgageisbeingpaid,eveniftheyhavenocashoftheirownto

covereverydayexpenses.

6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyproviding

A^awell-knowndefinitionofdivorceinthedictionary.

B、adownrightfactthatdivorceislinkedtoeconomy.

C、aninterestingquoteofafamouspersonaboutdivorce.

D^astatisticsurveythatwasconductedalongtimeago.

標準答案：C

知識點浦析：推理判斷題。題目問的是作者是如何引入話題的。文章一開始便引入

了羅賓?威廉姆斯的名言，即通過引用名人名言的方式引入話題，所以正確答案為

C項。

7、AccordingtoSandraDavis,recessionoftheearly1990sisregardedtohave

A、affectedthewholesocietyintheirlifestyle.

B、causedsomechangesinfamilystructures.

C^encouragedmorelawyerstoconsiderdivorcecases.

D、resultedfromthedivorcetrends.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：事實細節題。考查因果細節。根據SandraDavis可定位至第二段。她

指出，20世紀90年代初的經濟衰退引發了倫敦富人中的離婚高潮，即導致了家庭

結構的變化，所以正確答案為B項。

X、Thestatement"itmakessensetodivorcesoonerratherthanlatcr"(Linc4,Paragraph

3)isusedtoshowthat

A、therelationshipbetweendivorceandeconomyiswell-grounded.

B、thedivorcewavewillfinallycalmdownanddisappear.

C、wealthycouplesareencouragedtosettledownassoonaspossible.

D、peoplewouldliketoprotecttheirownearnings.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：語義理解題。第三段提到，隨著經濟的衰退，富裕人群的收入也減

少，由于近期的收入也作為離婚財產分割的依據之一，所以離婚不如趁早的做法是

有道理的。所以作者說趁早離婚更明智，是為了說明人們都想保住自己的財產免受

損失，D項正確。

9、Byreferringtothemiddleearners,theauthorintendstoshowthat

somecoupleswouldliketospendlifetogethereveniftheybreakup.

B、theyareforcedtoconsidereconomicsituationsafterthedivorce.

C^thelinkbetweendivorceandmoneyisasevidentasinthecasesofrichcouples.

D^theyarcfacedwithdifferentproblemscomparedwithwealthyclasses.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：觀點態度題。根據middleearners定位至第四段。文中提至產房產的貶

值意味著離婚后變賣房產所得可能不足以讓離婚雙方各自購房”，說明中產階級和

富裕階層面臨不同的問題，D項正確。

10、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A、Thereshouldbesomecorrelationsbetweeneconomyandfamily.

B>Economicdepressionissuretohavecausedthesocialinstability.

C^Iftheeconomygrowsfast,thelower-earningpartnerswillclaimmorehelp.

D^Economicgrowthdependsuponthehappyrelationshipbetweensocialmembers.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：主旨大意題。通觀全文，都是在講經濟形勢與離婚之間的關系，所以

選A項。

Mothersinterferewiththeirchildren'slivesevenmorethanmostoffspringrealize.That

theynagabouteatinghabitsiswellknown.Whatgoesunnoticedisthatmothersleave

cellsinsidetheirchildrensbodies,whichmayhelpwithrepairswhenachild'sowncells

godisorderly.Thisformofmaternalinterferenceiscalledmicrochimerism——thepresence

ofasmallnumberofcellsthatoriginatefromanotherindividualandthereforegenetically

distinctfromthecellsofthehostindividual.Amother'scellscanendureuntilachild

reachesadulthoodandperhapsthroughoutlife.Butscientistsdonotknowexactlyhow

commonmicrochimerismis.Itisdetectedmoreofteninpeoplewithautoimmune

conditions,whichhasledtothesuggestionthatthematernalcellscouldtriggerthose

diseases.Buthealthypeoplehavethemtoo,seeminglywithnoilleffects.LeeNelson,of

theUniversityofWashington,suspectsthateverybodyhasafewmaternalcells.Hermost

recentworkarguesthat,atleastinsomecases,theyhelpratherthanharm.DrNelsonand

hercolleaguestookbloodsamplesfromthreegroupsofyoungvolunteersandtheir

mothers.Thefirstgroupcomprised94youngvolunteerswhohadtype1diabetes;the

secondwere54oftheirhealthysiblings(brothersorsisters);andafurther24were

childrenwithoutdiabeteswhowerenotrelatedtoanyoneelseinthestudy.The

researchersthencomparedDNAfromthemothersandtheirchildren.Becausemothers

passcopiesofabouthalfiheirgenestotheirchildren,somegenesinanychild-mother

pairswillbeuniquetothemother-thosethatthechildhasnotinheritedfromher.

Others—versionsofgenesthatcamefromdad—willbeuniquetothechild.DrNelson

usedtheuniquelymaternalgenestofindmothers'cellsinthevolunteers'blood.The

techniquefoundmaternalcellsinabouthalfthediabetics'samples,butinonlyaboutone-

thirdofthehealthysiblings'samplesandinlessthanone-fifthofthosefromtheunrelated

volunteers.Moreover,themicrochimerismwasnotonlymorecommonbutalsomore

pronouncedindiabetics.DrNelsonalsolookedforsignsthatthematernalcellshad

causedthediabetesbutfoundnoevidence.So,contrarytoestablishedopinion,she

believesmaternalcellscandochildrengood.Thesecellsmayhelpanybodilyorgan

workbetter,shesays,apartfromthereproductivekind.Mothers'protectiveinterference

goeson-seenandunseen.

11、"Microchimerism"referstoaformofmaternalinterferenceinwhichmothers

A、keeptellingtheirchildrenwhattheyshouldeatalldaylong.

helpsickchildrenwiththeirowncellsleftinsidechildren'sbodies.

C、interferewithchildren'slivesinanall-roundway.

D、leavealloftheirowncells,goodorbad,insidetheirchildreiVsbodies.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：詞義理解題。根據第二段第一句可得知對于microchimerism的解釋

應該在上一段中，因此通過第一段最后一句“當孩子的細胞出現問題時，從母親那

里繼承來的細胞會對其進行修復”可得出答案為B項。

12、ItisstatedinParagraph2thatmicrochimerismcould

A、onlybedetectedinpeoplewithautoimmuneconditions.

B、befoundinpeopleofallagesandofallraces.

C^alsobefoundinpeoplewhoenjoygoodhealth.

D、bedelectedinpeoplewithallunhealthyconditions.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：事實細節題。根據第二段最后?句話“健康人的體內也有母血細胞，

卻似乎并沒有引發什么不良后果”，可得出答案為C項。

13、Somegenesinchild-motherpairswillbeuniquetothemotherinthat

A^thesegeneshaven'tbeenpassedtothechild.

B、lessthanhalfofthegeneshavebeenpassedtothechild.

C、thesegenescomefromthefather.

D、thechildisnotwillingtoinheritthesegenes.

標準答案：A」「

知識點解析：因果細節題。根據第四段第一句話可知母親獨有的基因指那些沒有被

孩子繼承的基因，因此A項正確。

14、AccordingtoDrNelsoninthelastparagraph,maternalcellswould

A、leadtothediabetes.

B、triggervariousdiseases.

C、exertpositiveimpactonchildren.

D、harmratherthanhelp.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節推斷題。根據最后一段第二句提到的dochildrengood可得出答

案為C項。

15,Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsmaternalinterference?

A、Supportive.

B、Biased.

C>Impartial.

D、Ironic.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：觀點態度題。通讀全文可知作者并未對母性干預做出任何主觀性的評

論。而文章最后一句“無論人們注意到與否，母親們的保護性干預始終存在”也印證

了這點，因此C項“中立的”正確。

WithJapan'swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,the

world'soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhislongevity.AsTomojiTanabe,111,

receivedhiscertificatefromGuinnessWorldRecords,theformerengineer,whonever

touchesalcohol,saidthathisfeatofsurvivalwasnothingspecial."Ihavebeenaround

toolong,"hejoked,"Iamsorry."Mr.Tanabeaddedhiscustomaryexplanationofhowhe

hasmanagedtoreachsucharipeoldage:"Notdrinkingalcoholisthebestformulafor

keepingmyselfhealthy,"hesaid.OtherresidentsofhisvillageattributedMr.Tanabe's

longlifetoadietthatconsistschieflyofvegetablesandverylittlefriedfood.His

explanationfuelsacontinuingmysteryabouttheidealformulaforlongevity-aseach

newholderofthetitleiscrowned,eachattributeshisorhersuccesstodiets,lifestylesand

habitsthatdifferwidely.Somehavesaidthatfreshairisthekey,othershavebeenheavy

smokers.Somehavetakenvigorousexercise,othershaveswornbyperiodsofinactivity.

TheMayorofMiyakonojo,thevillagewhereMr.Tanabeliveswithhisfamily,presented

thecertificatetoitsfamousresidentafternearlyfivemonthsofbirthdateverificationby

theGuinnessWorldRecordsteam.Mr.Tanabeunofficiallyinheritedthetitlewhenits

previousrecord-holder,EmilianoMer-cadodelToro,ofPuertoRico,diedinJanuary,

aged115.ThecrowningofMr.Tanabe,whowasborninthesouthernislandofKyushiin

1895,bringsthedesired"doubletrophy"backtoJapan.YoncMinagawa,wholivesinthe

samearea,is114andholdsthetitleofworld'soldestwoman.Japan'spopulationofthe

centenariansisthelargestintheworld.Mostofthe28,000Japanesewhohavemadeit

beyond100arewomenandthehighestconcentrationoftheveryelderlyisinthe

southernpart.TheareaaroundHiroshimaandtheislandofOkinawaareespeciallyrich

informer"world'soldest'titleholders.Thenumberofcentenarianshasrisen160-fold

sincerecordsbeganinthe1960s.AlthoughJapanisproudofitsrecord-breaking

longevity,thesuccessofMr.Tanabecomesasthecountryisrunningshortofideasfor

howtosolveitsageingcrisis.Withthefertilityratestillatrecordlows,governmentand

privatesectoreffortstostimulatethebirthratehavemetwithlittlesucc